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2014中考英语语法专项复习:词类词类(partsofspeech)—10名词Noun(n.):表示人或事物的名称。如:boy/pencil/book冠词Article(art.):用在名称前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。如:a(an)/the代词Pronoun(pron.):用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如:we/that/his/what形容词Adjective(adj.):用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。如:old/red/fine数词Numeral(num.):表示数量或顺序。如:one/thirteen/first动词Verb(v.):表示动作或状态。如:look/go/be(am/is/are)副词Adverb(adv.):用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。如:not/too/here/often介词Preposition(prep):表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。如:in/on/of/to/under连词Conjunction(conj.):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如:and/or/but感叹词Interjection(interj.):表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。如:oh/hello/hi一名词Noun(n.)名词表示人或事物的名称.◆一名词的分类专有名词:John/China普通名词:可数名词个体名词:book/table/horse集体名词:family/class/police不可数名词物质名词water/rice/snow抽象名词:health/knowledge/love◇专有名词:表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等,通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny/HongKong/ChristmasDay首字母要大写,但专有名词中的虚词(冠词、介词)的第一个字母不用大写:theGreatWall◆二可数名词(可以用数来计量)的复数⒈规则变化①一般直接加-s.如:boy→boyscup→cups②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es,如:watch→watchesbox→boxes③以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es.如:story→storiesbaby→babies④以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves.如:knife→kniveswife→wivesthief→thievesleaf→leavesscarf→scarveslife→liveshalf→halves﹡roof→roofs⑤以o结尾加-s如:radio→radiosphoto→photospiano→pianoszoo→zoos加-es如:hero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。⒉不规则变化①单复数同形:sheep→sheepfish→fishChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanesedeer→deeryuan→yuan※dollar→dollars②只有复数形式:clothesglasseschopsticksgoodstrouserspantsshorts③特殊变化:child→childrenfoot→feettooth→teethmouse→miceman→menwoman→women※toothbrush→toothbrushes④复合名词的复数形式:a.当有man和woman时,前后两部分都变成复数形式amandoctor→twomendoctorsawomanteacher→threewomenteachers35
b.其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式anappletree→lotsofappletreesbeefandtomatonoodles◆三不可数名词(不可以用数来计量)的计量⒈可数名词表示具体的数量,可以直接用数词来修饰:twoapplestenpersons⒉不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用,构成:数词+量词+of+不可数名词apieceofbreadtwocupsofcoffeethreeglassesofmilkfourboxesofchalkfivebagsofricesixdropsofwatersevenpiecesofnewseightpairsofglasses◆四名词所有格:表示名词之间的所有关系,连接两个名词两种形式:’s所有格→BeijingisChina’scapital.of所有格→BeijingisthecapitalofChina.⒈有生命名词所有格:一般加-’s.Tom’sdeskChildren’sDay以s结尾的复数名词只加’teachers’officestudents’books※如果一样东西为两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词上加-’s(共有)ThisisMaryandLily’sroom./HeisTomandTim’sfather.如果表示各自所有,则两个名词词尾分别加-’s(分别有)TheseareMary’sandLily’srooms./TheseareTom’sandTim’sbooks.⒉无生命名词所有格:名词+of+名词themapofChina/thedooroftheroom※双重所有格of+名词所有格:Heisfriendofmybrother’s.of+名词性物主代词:Thisisabookofmine.◆五可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词修饰可数名词:many/afew/few(Therearemanytrees.)修饰不可数名词:much/alittle/little(Wehavemuchhomeworktodo.)共有的:some/any/alotof/lotsof/plentyof提问:可数名词→Howmanybananasdoyouneed?不可数名词→Howmuchyogurtdoyouneed?※不可数名词没有复数形式,不能用a,an修饰,也不能用many,few,several等修饰。不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数。如:Thehoneyisverysweet.※有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。aclothesshopsportsmeetingglassesstore◇名词的句法功能作主语:Mathismyfavoritesubject.作宾语:Iboughtacomputerlastyear.作表语:Heisacleverstudent.作宾补:WecallhimUncleWang.作定语:There’resomeappletreesoverthere.作状语:Igotoschooleveryday.作呼语:Hello,boysandgirls.35
练习一.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Wewanttogotothe__________(greatwall).2.Howmany________(chicken)arethereunderthetree?3.Helikes________(chicken)verymuch,It’sverynice.4.Therearetwo________(mouse)inthecage.5.Thedoctorsavedtheir________(life).6.Thechildhastwo________(tooth).7.Ihavesomegood_______(news)foryou.8.Thereisagroupof_______(fish)inthewater.9.Theseare_________(German).10.Shehasmany__________(girlfriend).11.Wewanttohavesome__________(manteacher)inourschool.12.Pleasegivemesome_________(advice).13.Ihavealotof________(money).14.Wewanttwo______(cup)of______(tea).15.Theseare________(children)clothes.16.Thisroomis______________(mybrotherandI).17.Thesebooksare______________(Kateandhersister).18.IhaveacoldIhavetogotothe_________(doctor).19.IsthisTom’scoator_________(Bob)?20.Therewillbea________(sport)meetingnextweek.21.Thereissome________(meat)onthetable.22.Todayis_________ (woman)Day.23.Therearemany_________(visit)tocometomyhometowneveryyear.24.Wewanttodosome________(shop)onSunday.25.Walkingisgoodforour_________(healthy).26.Heisafamous_________(music).27.Theboyisin________(dangerous).28.Youcanseemany_________(leaf)onthegroundinautumn.29.Whoisthe__________(win)ofthegame.30.Thereare_________(hundred)ofpeoplethere.二.单项选择1.Sheep_____whiteandmilk_____alsowhite.A.is;areB.are;sC.are;are2.Howwonderful!The_____ismadeof_____.A.house;glassB.house;glassesC.houses;glass3._____aremadeof_____.A.Glass;glassesB.Glasses;glassesC.Glasses;glass4._____roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.KateandJoanB.Kate’sandJoan’sC.KateandJoan’s5.Therearefew_____inthefridge,Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.meatC.fruit35
6.YangpuBridgeisoneof_____intheworld.A.thebiggestbridgeB.thebiggestbridgesC.biggerbridges7.Look!Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.waterB.childC.boxes8.I’mhungry,Pleasegiveme_____.A.apieceofbreadB.twopiecesofbreadsC.somebreads9.Jackboughta_____inashoeshopyesterday.A.pairofshoesB.pairsofshoesC.pairofshoe10.Imeetsome_____intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JapanesesB.AmericansC.Chineses11.Ihavethreepenpal,Oneis_____,theothertwoare_____.A.Japanese;AmericaB.Canada;AmericaC.English;Frenchmen12.BothTomandJimare_____.A.menteachersB.menteacherC.manteachers13.Hespent_____doingthewholething.A.oneandtwodaysB.oneortwodaysC.onedayandtwo14._____liveat78FenghuangStreet.A.WhiteB.TheWhitesC.TheWhite15.Pleasepassme_____.A.twopieceofpaperB.twopiecesofpaperC.twopiecesofpapers16.Inautumn_____turnyellow.A.leafandgrassB.leavesandgrassesC.leavesandgrass17.Some_____cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.Germany18.Youngpeopleshouldmake_____foroldpeopleonthebus.A.roomB.roomsC.theroom19.Thefootballunderthebedis_____.A.LilyandLucyB.LilyandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucy’s20.Yourshoesarewornout,You’dbetterbuyanew_____.A.newB.pairC.shoes21.I’mnotfeelingwellnow,I’vehad_____.A.coldB.aheadacheC.theheadache22.You’dbetterdomorning_____everyday,It’sgoodtohavelotsof_____.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exerciseC.exercises;exercises23.Morethan_____livedtheretwo_____ago.A.hundredofpeople;hundredsyearsB.hundredsofpeople;hundredyearsC.hundredsofpeople;hundredsyears24.Tom’shandwritingisbetterthananyother_____inhisclass.A.studentsB.student’sC.students’25.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere,It’sabout_____.A.fortyminutes’walkB.fortyminuteswalkC.fortyminute’swalk26.Howmucharethe_____?A.meatB.appleC.apples27.Jimwenttoa_____tobuyapairofshoes.35
A.shoesstoresB.shoesstoreC.shoestore28.Thisisnotmybook,butmy_____.A.brother’sB.brotherC.brothers’29.Weneedtwoteaspoonof_____.A.honeysB.yogurtC.milks30.It’sabout_____walkfrommyhousetoschool.A.tenminutesB.tenminutes’C.tenminute’s31.Theoldmanislonely,Hemadea______bysellingnewspapers.A.livingB.lifeC.live32.Canyougiveme_____onhowtolearnEnglishwell?A.agoodadviceB.someadviceC.anyadvices33.Take_____!Thecarnearlyhityou.A.carefulB.careC.carefully34.September10this______inChina.A.Teacher’sDayB.Teachers’DayC.TeachersDay35.I’dliketodrink_____.A.beersB.somewineC.sugar35
二冠词Article(art.)冠词是一种虚词,放于名词前,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词不能单独使用,在句中不重读。冠词分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种。◆一不定冠词及用法a/an是不定冠词,a用在以辅音开头的单词前:aboyaroadan用在以元音开头的单词前:anhouranoldman①泛指某一类的人或物。如:Apandaisverylovely.熊猫很可爱。.②第一次提到某人或某物时。如:Ihaveabook.我有一本书。③表示一这个数量,没有one强烈。如:Ihaveamonth,anoseandtwoeyes.我有一张嘴、一个鼻子和两只眼睛。④用于某些固定词组中。如:afew有一些/alittle一点儿/alotof许多/haveagoodtime玩得开心◆二定冠词the的用法①特指某人或某物。如:ThemaninthecarisMrSmith.车里的人是史密斯先生。②指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:Openthedoor,please.请打开窗户。③指上文已经提到过的人或物。如:Shehasason,thesonworksinBeijing.她有一个儿子,他在北京工作。④用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。⑤用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如:thefirstlesson第一课/thetallestgirl最高的女孩⑥用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:theGreatWall长城/theYellowRiver黄河/theSummerPalace颐和园/theUnitedStates美国⑦用在姓的复数形式前表示“一家人”。如:theSmithsaregoingtoQingdaoforavacation.史密斯一家打算去青岛度假。⑧用于形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:therich有钱人/thepoor穷人/theold老年人/theyoung年轻人/theblind盲人⑨用在乐器名词前。如:Canyouplaytheguitar?你会弹吉他吗?⑩用在一些习惯语中。如:inthemorning在上午/ontheleft在左边/bytheway顺便说一下/alltheyearround一整年/intheopenair在户外/atthesametime同时/allthetime一直/intheend最后;终于/thedayaftertomorrow后天/inthefuture在将来◆三不用冠词的情况在英语中,不用冠词的现象称作零冠词。①如果名词前已经有指示代词(this/that/these/those)、形容词性物主代词(my/his/our…)或名词所有格等限定词,不用冠词。如:A.Thisismypen.这是我的笔。B.Doyoulikethatcoat?你喜欢那件外套吗?C.TheseareRose’sbooks.这些事罗斯的书。②表示语言、学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词。如:语言:Chinese/English/French/Russian/Japanese…学科:maths/history/biology/geography…三餐:breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner球类:football/basketball/tennis/baseball…棋类:chess/Chinesechess…35
③表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前不用冠词。如:星期:Sunday/Monday/Tuesday…月份:January/February/March…季节:spring/summer/autumn/winter节日:Teachers’Day/Children’sDay…④表示人名、国名、称呼语或头衔等的专有名词前不用冠词。如:A.Lucyisanicegirl.露西是一个还女孩。B.CaptainCookisverypopular.库克船长很受欢迎。※以下国家名称前用the:theUnitedStates/theU.S./TheU.S.A.美国theUnitedKingdom/theU.K.英国⑤某些固定词组中不用冠词。如:athome在家/bytrain乘火车/gotoschool去上学/ontime准时/dayandnight日日夜夜/atfirst起初/atwork在工作/gotobed上床睡觉/onfoot步行◆四以元音音素开头的字母:Aa/Ee/Ff/Hh/Ii/Ll/Mm/Nn/Oo/Ss/Xx(11个)◆五初中阶段以元音音素开头的单词(短语)anappleanorangeanhouranelephantanegganumbrellaaneraseranauntanuncleananimalanactoranartistanislandanonionanIDcardanunusualmananelevenboyanoldmananactionmovieanamusementparkaninterestingstoryanEnglishbookaneight-year-oldboyanhonestboyanexamanexcitingjobanIceandSnowFestivalanawardanorganizationanadanexample※ausefulbook※特别提示:有些短语用定冠词与不用定冠词意义不同。infrontof在…前面→外部attable就餐inbed躺在床上inthefrontof在…前部→内部atthetable坐在桌子旁边inthebed在床上onhorse骑着马onearth究竟onshore在岸上onthehorse在马背上ontheearth在地球上ontheshore在岸边35
练习一.用a,an,the填空,不需要填的用“/”表示。1.Thereis_____bookonthedesk._____bookismine.2.Therearesevendaysin_____week.3._____morecarefulyouare,_____betteryouwilldo.4._____milkisgoodforourhealth.5.Heoftengoestohisschoolon_____foot.6.Shanghaiis_____biggestcityofChina.7.December25this_____ChristmasDay.8.Childrenneedn’tgoto_____schoolon______Sunday.9.Wealwayshave_____ricefor______lunch.10.Doyouneed_____umbrella?11.Areyouallin_____sameschool?12.Thereis_____“h”and_____“o”intheword“hour”.13.Iheardsomebodyplaying_____pianoin_____nextroom.14.Weshouldbekindto_____old.15.Theyaregoingtohave_____supperwith_____Brownstonight.16.Thatevening_____Brownshad_____nicesupper.17.What_____importantpieceofnewsitis!18._____horseis_____usefulanimal.19.Ourteacherhas______8-year-olddaughter,Sheisveryclever.20.Iamreading_____novel,Itis_____interestingstory.21.What_____niceday!Let’sgooutandhave_____walk.22.Ihave_____catand_____catisblack.23.Itisverycoldin_____winter.24.Some_____boysareplayingfootball.25._____boyismybrother.26.Your_____bagisdirty.27.Pleaseopen_____window.28.Iprefergoingby____seatogoingin_____train.29.Whois_____womanin_____car?30.Sheisalways_____firsttogettotheclassroom.31.Ilikeplaying_____basketball,butIdon’tlikeplaying_____piano.32.IthinkEnglishis_____usefulsubject.Doyouthinkso?33.Hehad_____eggand_____glassofmilkfor_____breakfast.34.–Whois_____boy?-Heismy_____bestfriend.35.DoesBobcomefrom_____U.S.or_____Australia?36.Lindaworksin_____hospital.ShesaysthatGrandpaZhangwasin_____hospiatl.37.Howdoyougotowork,by_____busoron_____bike?二.单项选择1._____bookonthedeskis_____Englishbook.A.The;anB.The;aC.A;theD.A;an35
2.LiuHongstudiesin_____universityinBeijing.Sheis_____honestgirl.A.an;aB.an;anC.a;anD.a;a3.In_____summerof1994shewenttoAmericatogoonwithherstudy.A.aB./C.theD.an4.Ioftengoto_____cinemawithTom.Andweoftenhave_____goodtimethere.A.the;aB.the;/C.a;aD./;/5.Shewrote_____e-mailtome.soIknewthatshebought_____MP4yesterday.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a35
三代词Pronoun(pron.)代词用来代替名词、形容词或数词。◆一人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves◇用法⒈主格用来作主语:IlikeEnglish.⒉宾格用来作宾语:Shetoldmeastoryyesterday.⒊形容词性物主代词用来作定语,相当于一个形容词,放于名词前:mycomputer/ourschool⒋名词性物主代词起名词的作用:-Whoseruleristhis?-It’smine.(mine=myruler)⒌反身代词作宾语,放于及物动词、介词之后:Thegirlissooldthatshecanlookafterherself.反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语起强调作用,可以放主语、宾语后,也可以放句末:Icandoitmyself.※①人称代词并列使用时的顺序→巧学妙记:单数231,复数123,承担责任“我”在前。单数顺序:第二、第三、第一人称如:youandhe/youandI/you,heandI复数顺序:第一、第二、第三人称如:weandyou/weandthey/we,youandthey第三人称单数的顺序是:heandshe※②形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词→Thisisn’tmydictionary,mineisoverthere.mine=mydictionary※③常与反身代词连用的短语。⒈enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun(玩得开心、过得愉快)⒉dressoneself(up)(自己穿衣服)⒊hurt/cutoneself(伤了自己)⒋learn…byoneself=teachoneself(自学…)⒌saytooneself(自言自语)⒍helponeselftosth(随便吃些…)一.用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空。1.MynameisJack,_____amthirteen._____fatherisadoctor._____isforty._____hobbyisreadingbooks._____motherisateacher._____oftenteaches_____English.Ilike_____.and_____like_____.2.–Excuseme!Isthisbike_____?-No,itisn’t_____.It’sTom’ssister’s,It’s_____.35
3.Ihaveacat._____nameisMimi._____likeseatingfishandmeat.4.–ArethesebooksJack’s?-Let_____see.Oh,yes,theyare_____.5.Hetaught_____Englishlastyear.Wealllike_____classes.二.反身代词练习:①XiaoDonglikes_______________.②Thesmallgirlistooyoungto__________.③Thechildren__________onChildren’sDay.④He_____French__________.=He__________French.⑤_______________somefish,Ann!⑥Becarefulwiththatknife,oryouwill__________.◆二指示代词单数复数thisthesethatthose指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语,也可以代替形容词作定语。如:Thisismypen.→Thesearemypens.Thesestudentswillgohiking.※打电话时常用this指代“我”,用that指代“你”。如:ThisisMaryspeaking,Whoisthat?(我是玛丽,你是谁?)◆三疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的,有who,whom(宾格),whose,what,which.其中who/whom只能指人,what/which指物。1.who/whom/whosewho只能指人,如:Whoistheyoungman?whom指人,只能作宾语。如:Whomdoyouknow?Whose是who的所有格形式。如:Whosebookisonthedesk?2.what/whichwhat一般指物。如:Whatarethese?which指人或物。如:Whichdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?※what与who开头的疑问词都可以指人,what一般问人的职业,who一般问人的身份。如:-Whatishisfather?-Whoishe?-Heisapoliceman.–Heismyfather.※what可用于询问姓名、职业、年龄、日期、星期、价格、时间、数量、爱好、运算结果等。如:①What’syourname?你叫什么名字?②What’stheageofyou?=Howoldareyou?你几岁了?③What’syourjob?=Whatdoyoudo?=Whatareyou?你的职业是什么?④What’syourhobby?你的爱好是什么?⑤What’sthepriceofthiscomputer?=Howmuchisthiscomputer?这台电脑多少钱?⑥Whattimeisit?=What’sthetime?几点了?⑦What’sthepopulationinChina?中国有多少人口?⑧Whatdayisittoday?今天星期几?/What’sthedate?今天几号?⑨What’syouraddress?你的地址是什么?35
⑩What’stenandtwo?10加2等于多少?一.用适当的疑问代词填空。1.-_____istheman?-Heismyuncle.2.-_____doesyourfatherdo?-He’sanengineer.3.-_____glassesarethese?-Idon’tknow.4.-_____didyoudoyesterday?-IwatchedTV.5.With_____isyourmothertalking?◆四不定代词some通常用于肯定句,但期望得到对方的肯定回答也用some。①一些:修饰可数、不可数名词如:Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如:Idon’thaveanyideas.②都,全部:both指两个人或物→neitherall指三个以上的人或物→noneeither指两者中任何一个,作主语,谓语用单数形式。③许多:many修饰可数名词复数much修饰可数名词复数④少:few→afew修饰可数名词↓↓little→alittle修饰不可数名词↓↓否定:很少肯定:有几个,有一些⑤每一:each强调“个别”,可以单独使用,可修饰单数名词或跟of结构,作主语、宾语和同位语。every强调“整体”,可修饰单数名词,相当于汉语的“每个都”,只作定语。⑥one…theother一个…另一个some…others一些…另一些(另一些并不包括全部)some…theothers一些…其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部)another再一,又一(表示不确定数目中的另一个),一般接单数名词。⑦复合不定代词every-some-any-no--thingeverything________________________-one________someone________noone-body________________________________※不定代词作主语,谓语用单数形式。如:Isanyonehere?有人吗?不定代词+adj.如:Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.练习:一.用所给的不定代词填空A.some/any35
1.Ihave_____goodfriends.2.Thereisn’t_____drinkinthefridge.Ihavetobuy_____.3.MayIaskyou_____questions?4.–Wouldyoupleasepassme_____salt?-Sorry,thereisn’t_____.5._____studentslikelisteningtopopmusic.B.many/much1.How_____didthebikecostyou?2.How_____waterdoyouneed?3.TodayIambusy.Ihave_____homeworktodo.4.Youaregettingfatter.Youcan’teattoo_____meat.5.Thereare_____peopleinthemuseum.C.few/afew/little/alittle1.–CanyouspeakFrench?-Yes,butjust______.2.Thereis_____milkinthebottle.Pleasegetsomeforme.3.IthinkIwillstaytherefor______days.4.Helookssad.becausehehas______friendshere.5.Thereis______honeyintheglass.isn’tthere?D.all/both/none/neither/either1.-Whichcoatdoyoulikebetter,thegreenoneortheyellowone?-Sorry,Ilike_____ofthem.Ilikeblue.2.Myparentsare_____teachers.Weare_____verybusy.3.Ihavemanybooks.but_____ofthemareaboutcooking.4.–Whichdoyoulikebest,tea,coffeeorjuice?-_____.Ilikebeerbest.5.–Whoseanswerisright,Tom’sormine?-Sorry,_____ofthemisright.6.Therearemanyflowerson_____sidesoftheroad.7.Myfatherdoesn’tlikepopmusic.Mymotherdoesn’tlikeit._____.8.–WhencanImeetyou,onMondayorTuesday?-______ofthemisOK.I’mfree.E.each/every1.Imustgotoschool______day.2._____ofthemhasacomputer.3.Youcanhaveanapple_____.4._____ofthemknowsthenews.5._____onemustbehereontime.F.one…theother/some…others/some…theothers/another1.Iboughttwobottlesofwater._____isforyou.and________isformysister.2.Therearesevenpeoplehere.TwoofthemcomefromtheUSA._________arefromAustralia.3.Wearecleaningtheclassroom.Somearecleaningthewindows.Somearesweepingthefloor.and_______arecleaningthedesksandchairs.35
4.Idon’tlikethisone.Canyougetme_____one?G.something/anything/everything/nothing1.Ihave________totellyou.2.________isready.Wecanhavedinner.3.Thereisn’t________interestingintoday’snewspaper.4.YesterdayIwentshopping,butIbought________,becausethereweretoomanypeoplethere.5.–CanIdo________foryou?-That’sverykindofyou.H.somebody/anybody/everybody/nodody1.Listen,_______isknockingatthedoor.2.–Isthere________intheroom?-No,________ishere.3.Is________heretoday?4.________willcometoseeyou.Pleasewaithere.5.________canpasstheexamifheworkshard.二.单项选择1.Passtheknifeto_____,please.Mypencilisbroken.A.IB.myC.me2.YesterdayIsaw_____enjoy_____inthepark.A.them;themselvesB.them;themselfC.they;themselves3.-_____doesyourmotherdo?-Sheisanurse.A.WhatB.WhenC.Which4.Heknows______Englishbuthehas_____Englishfriends.A.little;afewB.little;fewC.afew;little5.–Whichsweaterdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthepinkone?-_____.Ilikealightblueone.A.EitherB.BothC.Neither6.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_____isateacher.A.anotherB.theotherC.other7.Thereis_____intoday’snewspaper.A.newanythingB.somethingnewC.newsomething8.–Canyoudoitby_____,Kate?-Ithinkso.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselves9.Thequestionsaresodifficultthat_____studentscananswerthem.A.fewB.afewC.alittle10.Webought_____acar.A.usB.oursC.our11.Hishandwritingisbetterthan_____.A.herB.hersC.she12.Mikeisstrongerthan_____inhisclass.A.anyboysB.anyotherboyC.anyboy35
13.Thisis_____bag,and_____isoverthere.A.your;hisB.his;yourC.me;me14.Hisparentsare_____doctors.A.eachB.allC.both15.Wecan’tleavethechildrenby_____.A.theyB.themselvesC.them16._____wassnowingwhenwereachedtheschool.A.TheskyB.ItC.Theweather17.–Hello.MayIspeaktoJim,please?-_____?A.WhoareyouB.Who’sthatC.Whoishe18.Today,_____treesarestillbeingcutdownintheworld.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.toomany19.Therearemanytreeson_____sideofthestreet.A.bothB.eitherC.neither20._____likesicecream.A.EverychildrenB.EverychildC.Allchildren21.Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowme_____one.A.theotherB.anotherC.others22.–Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugarormilk,sir?-No,I’dliketeawith_____init.A.somethingB.nothingC.everything23.Everyoneinourclasshasgonehikingexcept_____.Ihaveasoreleg.A.IB.meC.mine24.Wefind_____impossibletogettherebefore8o’clock.A.thisB.itC.that25.Thereisabookonthefloor.Whoseis_____?A.heB.sheC.it26.Itwasrainingsohardthat_____ofherfeetwerewet.A.allB.everyC.both27.Katelost_____keys._____asked_____forhelp.A.her;She;IB.her;She;meC.hers;She;me28.Whoteaches_____French?A.themB.theyC.their29.Theteacherasked_____tocleantheclassroom.A.you,sheandIB.I,youandsheC.you,sheandme30.–Hello,mayIspeaktoDavid?-Speaking.Who_____?-_____John.A.areyou;I’mB.isthat;I’mC.isthat;Thisis31.-_____girlisyourpenpal?-Theoneinred.A.WhoseB.WhoC.Which32.Idon’thave_____money.Couldyoupleaselendme_____?35
A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;any三.翻译句子,每空一词。1.孩子们,请随便吃些水果。Help__________somefruit,children.2.你将要和谁一起度假?__________areyougoingtotakeavacation?3.吉姆发现学好汉语有点难。Jimfound_____alittledifficult__________Chinesewell.4.如果你有问题,可以问我。Ifyouhave__________,youcanaskme.5.教室里有许多孩子,一些在读书,其他的在写字。Thereare_____childrenintheclassroom._____arereading,and_____arewriting.四.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。1.WehadagoodtimeinHangzhoulastweek.(改为同义句)We__________inHangzhoulastweek.2.Mybrotheristeachinghimselfnow.(改为同义句)Mybrotheris_______________now.3.ThatismyEnglishbook.(改为同义句)ThatisanEnglishbook__________.4.LiPingistallwithapairofglasses.(对划线部分提问)_____doesLiPing__________?5.ThepopulationofShandongProvinceisover90million.(对划线部分提问)__________thepopulationofShandongProvince?6.BothyouandhehavebeentotheGreatWall.(改为否定句)_____you_____he_____beentotheGreatWall.7.Allofusrunintheparkeverymorning.(改为否定句)_____ofus_____intheparkeverymorning.35
四形容词Adjective(adj.)和副词Adverb(adv.)◆一形容词形容词用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。(一)作定语1.如果几个形容词修饰一个名词,其顺序为:限定词(my/the/this/some/two)+性质(lovely/bad)+大小+形状、新旧、年龄+颜色+地方+材料+用途类别+中心名词。如:Shehasbeautifullongcurlyblondehair./afineoldstonebridge/somelovelylittleblackbirds2.形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但修饰不定代词时常放在所修饰词之后。如:Thisisaninterestingstory./Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(二)作表语1.Theclassroomisbigandbright.2.有少数形容词一般只能作表语,不能作定语。alone单独的awake醒着的afraid害怕的well身体健康的asleep睡着的alive活着的3.一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语。look看上去sound听起来get变得turn变得become变得grow变得feel感觉taste尝起来seem看上去stay保持keep保持remain保持appear显得(三)作宾语补足语Wholeftthedooropen?(四)the+形容词:表示一类人或物。如果指人,作主语时为复数,指事物时为单数。如:Theoldaretakengoodcareof.◆二副词副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。(一)副词的位置1.副词在句中的位置较灵活,可放句首、句中或句末。一般的,多数副词放在动词后面。但very/much/still/almost等程度副词常放在修饰词之前。always/often等频率副词放在行为动词之前、系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。如:Heisoftenlateforschool.2.多个副词同时出现的次序通常为:方式副词—地点副词—时间副词。如:ShewenttoworkbybusinBeijinglastyear.(二)副词的作用1.作状语It’sraininghard.2.作表语Classisover.3.作定语Theworkersherearehard-working.◆三形容词怎样变副词1.大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。如:careful-carefullyquick-quickly2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,把y变成i,再加-ly。如:easy-easilyhappy-happilylucky-luckily3.以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词,去e再加-ly。如:true-truly4.以le结尾的形容词,去e再加-y。如:possible-possiblysimple-simply※少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。如:friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的)lovely(可爱的)等。◆四形容词和副词的等级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(即原形)、比较级、最高级35
。比较级表示两者(人或事物)的比较,最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,而副词最高级前加不加都可以。(一)规则变化1.一般在词尾加-er/-est.如:原级比较级最高级smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighest2.以不发音字母e结尾的,在词尾加-r/-st.如:原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestlargelargerlargest3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,把y变成i,再加-er/-est.如:原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest4.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er/-est.如:原级比较级最高级bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest5.部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前加moer/most.如:原级比较级最高级popularmorepopularmostpopulardeliciousmoredeliciousmostdelicious(二)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elder年长的oldest/eldest◆五形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法1.同级比较肯定as+形容词/副词原级+as(…与…一样…)否定notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as(…不如…)如:①HeisastallasI.他和我一样高。②HerunsasfastasI.他和我跑得一样快。③Thisrulerisnotas/solongasthatone.这把尺子没有那把长。2.too…to…(太…不能…)如:It’stoohottodoanything.天气太热以至于不能做任何事。3.…enoughto…(足以干…)如:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.A+比较级+than+B(A比B…)如:①Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.地球比月球大。②Heworksharderthanwe.他比我们工作更努力。35
5.(越来越…)比较级+and+比较级moreandmore+原级如:①Whenspringcomes,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.当春天来临时,白天变得越来越长。②Thissongisgettingmoreandmorepopular.这首歌变得越来越流行了。6.The+比较级…,the+比较级…(越…就越…)如:①Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.你学习越努力,就越能取得好成绩。②Themoreyouhave,themoreyouwant.你拥有的越多,想要的也就越多。7.Which/Who…+比较级,AorB?(A和B,谁更…?)如:①Whichischeaper,theT-shirtortheshirt?T恤和衬衣,哪个更便宜?②Whorunsfaster,TomorJim?汤姆和吉姆,谁跑得更快?8.the+最高级+in(of,among)…(最…)如:①Annisthetallestinourclass.安是我们班上最高的。②Chinaisthegreatestintheworld.9.比较级+thanany(other)…用比较级的句式表示最高级的意思如:①Roseistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass.罗斯比班上任何其他学生都高。意思是她是班上个子最高的10.oneofthe+最高级+名词复数(最…之一)如:①TheYellowRiverisoneofthelongestriversinChina.黄河是中国最长的河流之一。②JayChouisoneofthemostpopularsingersinTaiwan.周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。11.Which/Who+…(the)+最高级,A,BorC?A、B和C,哪个(谁)最…?如:①Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?太阳、月亮和地球,哪个最大?②Whoruns(the)fastest,Kate,TomorMike?谁跑得最快,凯特、汤姆还是迈克?12.the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数第几…的…如:TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinourcountry.长江是我国第一长河。◆六比较级的修饰语比较级前可加much/alittle/abit/even/far/still等来修饰,说明程度,但不可用very/quite/rather/too/so等修饰。如:①Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。②Myappleisalittlebiggerthanyours.我的苹果比你的大点儿。35
练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级strong________________high________________slowly________________quickly________________badly________________well________________much________________far________________busy________________fat________________fine________________clever________________angry________________sad________________old________________often________________few________________empty________________二、将下列形容词变为副词loud______usual______final______real______lucky______fast______busy______early______polite______certain______near______三、将下列名词变为形容词cloud______wind______sun______care______danger______thank______worry______help______friend______noise______death______health______China______四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Whichkindofmeatis__________(popular)inChina,beef,porkorchicken?2.Summeris__________(hot)seasonoftheyear.3.Shanghaiisoneof__________(big)citiesintheworld.4.IthinkEnglishis__________(interesting)thanmath.5.Hedoesn’trunas______(fast)asyou.6.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina,anditisoneofthe________(long)riversintheworld.7.Whichproblemis__________(difficult),thisoneorthatone?8.Tomcomestoschool________(early)thanhim.9.Ofalltheworkers,heis__________(busy).10.Tryyour______(well)andyoucando______(well)inEnglish.11.Ourcityisbecoming_____and__________(beautiful).12.Whois________(tall),thegirlortheboy?13.Thissongis__________(popular)thanthatone,Ithink.14.LinMingisoneof__________(good)studentsinourclass.15.Tom,you’retoofat!Youmusttake________(much)exerciseandeat________(little)meat.16.Lucyworksas________(hard)asLily.Ithinktheycanbothgetgoodgrades.17.Inourcity,it’s________(hot)inJuly,butitiseven________(hot)inAugust.18.Maryworks__________(carefully)inourclass.19.Whichofthetwinsruns______(fast)?20.Congratulations!It’savery________(success)performance.35
21.________(luck),hewasnotbadlyhurt.22.Haveyoufoundyour________(lose)car?23.IthinkthisCDplayeris________(help)tolearnEnglish.24.Shecouldn’tfall________(sleep)lastnight.25.Lucyisa________(forget)girl.Sheoftenleavesherbookathome.26.Theorangestaste______(good).27.Hespoke________(loud)and_______(clear).28.Tocrosstheroadis__________(danger)forthechildren.29.Be_________(quickly)!Oryou’llbelate.30.ThomasEdisonwas________insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.Hethoughtitwasvery________(interest).五、单项选择1.LiMingisfive.Heis_____to_____himself.A.tooold;dressB.oldenough;dressC.enoughold;wear2.It’s_____cheapertotravelbytrainthanbyplane.A.muchB.veryC.too3.Theoldmanwas_____weak_____lookafterhimself.A.too;toB.so;thatC.so;to4.Ithinkthisbookisas_____asthatone.A.useB.moreusefulC.useful5.–Canyoutellmehowtokeephealthy?-Youshouldeat_____fastfood,_____vegetablesandtakeenoughexercise.A.fewer;moreB.less;fewerC.less;more6.Johnismuchshorterthanhissister,buthejumps_____shedoes.A.asbestasB.ashighasC.ashigheras7.They’regoingtobuildaschoolfor_____.A.theblindB.blindC.theblinds8.Thiskindofshirtlooks_____andsells_____.A.nice;wellB.good;goodC.well;nice9.Drinkingmilkcanhelpustokeep_____.A.healthB.healthyC.heathily10.Thesuitwas_____expensivethatIcouldn’taffordit.A.veryB.soC.too11.Theoldwriterlives_____,buthedoesn’tfeel_____.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;aloneC.lonely;lonely12.Jackdoesn’trun_____tocatchthebus.A.enoughfastB.quicklyenoughC.slowlyenough13.Thisyearourschoolis_____thanitwaslastyear.A.muchmorebeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.themostbeautiful14.–ThemoreEnglishnewspapersyouread,_____youwilldoinyourEnglish.-Thanksalot.A.themoreB.thebetterC.thewell15.HisEnglishisas_____ashisChinese.A.goodB.wellC.better35
16.WhenIretire,I’llmove_____.A.anywherequietB.somewherequietC.tosomewherequiet17.Hejumps_____fartherthanI.A.veryB.quiteC.much18.Shanghaiislargerthan_____inIndia.A.anyothercityB.anycityC.anyothercities19.Jimmyofteneats_____meat,soheis_____fatnow.A.toomuch;muchtooB.muchtoo;toomuchC.toomany;muchtoo20.LiGangis_____ofthetwobrothers.A.morecarefulB.themorecarefulC.themostcareful(比较范围用了“ofthetwo…”时,比较级前要加the。)六、翻译句子,每空一词1.他起床足够早,赶上了早班车。Hegotup__________tocatchtheearlybus.2.我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。Ourhometownisgetting____________________.3.在考试中,你越细心,出的错就越少。Intheexam,_______________youare,__________mistakesyou’llmake.4.冬天,广州的天气比北京的天气暖和。TheweatherinGuangzhouis__________thatinBeijinginwinter.七、按要求改写句子,每空一词1.Sheusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.(对划线部分提问)__________sheusually_____toschool?2.Robotswillhelppeopledochoresin50years.(对划线部分提问)__________willrobotshelppeopledochores?3.Tomisthirteen.Jimisthirteen,too.(改为同义句)Tomis_______________Jim.4.WangTaorunsfastestinourclass.(改为同义句)WangTaoruns_____than_______________inourclass.5.Idon’tthinkthatmusicisasinterestingasart.(改为同义句)Ithinkthatmusicis_____interesting_____art.6.He’salreadyseenthisfilm.(改为否定句)He_____seenthisfilm_____.35
五数词Numeral(num.)数词可分:基数词:表示数目的多少序数词:表示数目的顺序◆一基数词的构成1.1-12为独立的单词,有其各自的形式。如:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2.13-19都以-teen结尾,单词中的两个音节都要重读。如:thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen/3.20-90之间的“整十”都以-ty结尾,单词中的第一个音节重读。如:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety4.20-99之间的“几十几”,十位和个位之间要加连字符。如:22twenty-two35thirty-five5.101-999之间的非整百得基数词的读法为:百位数+and+十位数(个位数)。如:156-onehundredandfifty-six709-sevenhundredandnine◆二基数词的用法1.表示数量的多少。如:Thereareseventy-fivedesksinourclass.我们班里有75张课桌。2.表示年龄和年份。如:①Hewasbornin1952.他出生于1952年。②-HowoldisMolly?莫利多少岁了?-Sheisfifteenyearsold.她15岁了。他出生于1952年。※表示年龄用基数词,表示多少岁的生日用序数词。3.表示时刻。如:-Whattimeisitnow?现在几点了?-It’stwototwo.1点58分了。4.表示顺序或编号:单数名词+基数词,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。如:ClassThree三班Room5555号房间LessonTen第10课Page108第108页5.确数的表达:基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数概数的表达:hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数hundredsof数以百计的thousandsof数以千计的millionsof数以百万计的billionsof数十亿的如:①Therearesixhundredworkersinthisfactory.这家工厂有600名工人。②ThousandsofvisitorshavecometoHangzhouinthelasttwoweeks.在过去的两周中,有成千上万的游客到杭州来。6.“整十”的复数形式用于表示:在某世纪几十年代:inthe+年份的复数在某人几十多岁时:inone’s+整十的基数词的复数=morethan+基数词如:①Inthe1960s,peoplehadtoleadapoorlife.在20世纪60年代,人们不得不过着贫困的生活。②Heinventedmanythingsinhistwenties.他在20多岁时,就发明了许多东西。7.表示分数、小数和百分数①分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;若分子是大于1的整数,分母用复数形式。如:1/3读作a(one)third;2/5读作twofifths;5/6读作________.※在英语中,四分之一为aquarter;四分之三为threequarters;二分之一为ahalf。35
②﹡小数的表达:小数点读作point,零读作zero。小数点后面的数按各位基数词依次读出。如:0.8读作zeropointeight16.78读作sixteenpointseveneight③﹡百分数的表达:基数词+percent如:7%读作sevenpercent50%读作fiftypercent④﹡表示倍数:half(一半)twice(二倍)threetimes(三倍)◆三序数词的构成序数词大多是由基数词变形而成的。构成形式如下:1.1-3应逐个记忆,它们分别是:first,second,third.2.4-19之间的序数词都由相应的基数词加-th构成的。如:fourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth※five-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth的拼写比较特殊。3.20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉-y加-ieth构成。如:twentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth4.21-99之间“第几十几”的序数词,前面的十位用基数词,后面的个位用序数词,中间用连字符。如:twenty-first第二十一twenty-ninth第二十九seventy-eighth第七十八※巧学妙记:变脸123;8加h,9减e,_______________________________________________________.◆四序数词的用法1.表示顺序:the+序数词+单数名词如:①Thesecondpictureisverybeautiful.第二幅图很美。②ThefourthstudentcomesfromAmerica.第四个学生来自美国。3.表示日期中的“日”。如:2009年5月14日表示为:May14th,2009;读作:Maythefourteenth,twothousandandnine。35
练习一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Tom’smothergavehimanicegiftonhis_____(eight)birthday.2.–What’sthedatetoday?-It’sSeptemberthe_____(thirty).3.Mr.Wuaskedhisstudentstoturntothe________(fifty-nine)page.4.Heopeneduphisowncompanyinhis________(twenty).5.Howhappilywearelivinginthe________(twenty-one)century!二、根据括号里的汉语提示,完成下列句子。1.KateandMaryarein________________(三年级五班).2.IwasborninShanghaion________1993(1993年10月17日).3.She’sbeenawayfromLondonfor____daysand________(三天半).4.Itwasalonelyvillage____the____(在20世纪80年代),butnowtherearemanytallbuildinginit.5.________(三分之二)ofthestudentsinClass1comefromthecountryside.三、单项选择1.Thereare_____workersinthisfactory.A.twohundredsandthirty-sixB.twohundredandthirty-sixC.twohundred,thirty-six2._____playerswilltakepartinthecitysportsmeeting.A.HundredsofB.HundredofC.Hundreds3.Thereare_____monthsinayear.Decemberis_____monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelfthB.twelfth;twelveC.twelve;thetwelfth4._____oftheboysinourclass_____playingsoccerafterschool.A.Four-fifths;likeB.Four-fifths;likesC.Four-five;like5.Theyplantoplant_____inthepark.A.sixtymoretreesB.moresixtytreesC.sixtyanothertrees※基数词+more+名词复数=another+基数词+名词复数(再…又…)6.Mr.Smithhasan_____daughter.A.eightyearsoldB.eight-year-oldC.eightyearold7.Ihadlearned_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.fourhundredB.fourhundredsC.fourhundredsof8.Thrstoryhappened_____.A.inthe1940B.inthe1940sC.in1940s9.IwillstayinBeijingfor_____.A.oneortwodaysB.oneandtwodaysC.onedayortwodays10.–Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?-_____please.A.ThreekiloofapplesB.ThreekilosofapplesC.Threekilosofapple11.We’llhavea_____holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-days12.The_____OlympicswasheldinAugust,2008inBeijingChina.A.twenty-ninethB.twenty-ninthC.twenty-nine35
13.Thisisabigclassand_____ofthestudentsaregirls.A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.secondthree14.–Peter,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?-_____.Andwejusthadapartyforhis_____birthdaylastweekend.A.Forty;fortiethB.Forty;fortyC.Fortieth;forty15.–WhichfloordoesMr.Huliveon?-Heliveson_____floor.A.tenthB.thetenthC.theten16.Tree-plantingDayisonthe_____ofMarcheveryyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.twelveth17.Thereare_____daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixtyfive18.–Whattimeisitnow?-It’s_____.A.teno’clockB.ThursdayC.morning19.–Whatclassareyouin?-I’min_____.A.Grade9B.Class9C.No.920.Morethan60_____peoplediedinthepowerfulearthquakeinSichuanProvince.A.thousandB.thousandofC.thousandsof35
六介词Preposition(prep):介词是一种虚词。介词不能单独作句子成分,介词除本身具有的含义之外,介词还可以和其他词搭配,表示不同的含义。◆一表示时间的介词:in/on/at1.in的用法①年(月):in2009在2009年inMay,2010在2010年5月②上午/下午/晚上/白天:inthemorning在上午intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上inthedaytime在白天③季节:inspring在春季insummer在夏季inautumn在秋季inwinter在冬季2.on的用法①星期/日期/节日:onMonday在星期一onMarch1st,19951995年3月1日onTeachers’Day在教师节②某日的上午/下午/晚上:onMondaymorning在星期一上午ontheafternoonofMay2nd在5月2日下午onawindyevening在一个有风的晚上onacoldnight在一个寒冷的夜晚3.at的用法①几点钟:atsixo’clock在六点钟②中午/夜晚/拂晓:atnoon在中午atnight在夜晚atdaybreak在拂晓③固定短语:atthebeginningof在…开始时attheendof在…的结尾attheageof在…岁时◆二表示地点的介词:in/on/at1.in/onin表示“在…里面”如:Thereissometeainthecup.杯子里有一些茶。on表示“在…上面”如:Therearesomeapplesonthetable.桌子上有几个苹果。2.in/at表示地点时,in+大地方如:HearrivedinChinayesterday.他昨天到达了中国。at+小地方如:Wearrivedattheairport.我们到机场了。3.in/onthestreet表示“在街上”;ontheroad表示“在马路上”;若街、路得名称前有门牌号,则用介词at。如:Helivesat608FenghuangStreet.他住在凤凰街608号。4.注意下列词组的用法:onthetree树本身固有的东西在树上,如果实等。Therearesomeapplesonthetree.树上有一些苹果。inthetree外来物在树上,如小鸟等。Icanseethreebirdsinthetree.我能看到树上有3只小鸟。onthewall在墙的表面,如图画等。Thereisamaponthewall.墙上有一幅地图。inthewall嵌在墙里,如窗户或洞等。There’saholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。◆三in/on/at的其他用法in的其他用法1.穿、戴(衣服或鞋帽)。如:①Heisinblue.他穿着蓝色的衣服。②Iknowthemaninahat.我认识那个戴帽子的男士。2.用,后跟语言或材料,表示手段或方法等。如:①HowdoyousaythatinEnglish?那个用英语怎么说?②Shewrotetheletterinpencil.他用铅笔写的这封信。3.表示境况、情绪、状态等。如:introuble陷入困境indanger处于危险中insurprise惊讶地ingoodhealth身体健康35
4.关于…,在…方面。如:I’mweakinmath.我的数学不好。on的其他用法1.在从事…中如:onbusiness出差onholiday/vacation度假onduty值日onshow=ondisplay陈列;展览2.表示“用;以…方式;通过”。如:①Let’stalkaboutitonthephone.我们在电话里讨论它吧②Wegotoschoolonfoot.我们步行去上学。at的其他用法1.表示“在…方面”。如:SheisgoodatEnglish.她擅长英语。2.用在年龄前,表示“在…岁时”。如:Attheageof4,hebegantoplaythepiano.他4岁时便开始弹钢琴。3.用在具体的价格前。如:Thecoatisonsaleat(thepriceof)100yuan.这件上衣以100元的价格出售。◆四for/by的用法归类for的常见用法1.表示目的,意为“为了”。如:①Iwanttogobackformypen.我要回去拿我的铅笔。②Let’sgoforawalk.我们出去散散步吧。2.表示用途,意为“适用于;适合”。如:Thisisabookforchildren.这是一本适合儿童阅读的书。3.表示动作的方向、目的地,意为“向;往”。如:ThisshipisforNewYork.这艘轮船驶往纽约。4.用在固定搭配中。如:lookfor寻找waitfor等候belatefor迟到by的常见用法1.表示位置,意为“在…旁边;靠近…”。如:Somechildrenaredrawingbythelake.一些孩子在湖边画画。2.表示时间,意为“到…为止;不迟于…”。如:Howmanysongshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?到上学期结束时你学了多少首歌曲?3.表示“由;经;乘”,by后接交通工具。如:Everydayhegoestoworkbybus.他每天乘公共汽车去上班。4.表示方式或手段,意为“用;借;通过”,by后接动名词。如:IstudyEnglishbyreadingalot.我通过大量阅读来学习英语。5.用于被动语态中,意为“由,被”,by后接动作的执行者。如:Thisbikewasfoundbytheboylasttime.这辆自行车上次是被那个男孩发现的。◆五含介词的固定搭配1.动词+介词talkabout谈论worryabout担心laughat嘲笑knockat敲…lookafter照顾;照料agreewith同意dependon依靠;依赖turnon打开hearof听说hearfrom收到…的来信2.动词+副词+介词catchupwith跟上dowellin擅长lookoutof向…外看getreadyfor为…做准备lookforwardto期望comeupwith想出3.be+形容词+介词befondof喜欢begoodat擅长beproudof为…感到自豪bedifferentfrom与…不同35
bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格bestrictinsth对某事要求严格betiredof对…感到厌烦beweakinsth不擅长…;在某方面差besorryfor为…感到可惜;对…表示同情4.动词+名词+介词makeacontributionto为…做贡献payattentionto注意takecareof照顾练习一、用适当的介词填空1.Hearrived_____Moscow_____3:30_____theafternoon.2.“What’sthis_____English?”heasked_____surprise.3.We’llleave_____America_____Sundaymorning.4._____thetimeIgot_____school.IrealizedthatIhadleftmyhomeworkathome.5.PeopleoftenmistakeLucy_____Lily,becausetheyaretwins.6.Chinesenamesaredifferent_____Englishnames.7.Theyweretalking_____afilmwhenIcame_____theroom.8.Mr.Smithisverystrict_____hisstudentsand_____hisownwork.9.Thewoman_____redwasborn_____July24,1966.10.Sheoftengoesdancing_____Fridayevening.11._____mysurprise,hehaslearnedit.12.Hehasbeenteachinghere_____1990.13.Someoneisknocking_____thedoor.14.Iwaited_____anhour.15.Imethimtheday_____yesterday.16.Go_____thisstreetandthenturnleft.二、单项选择1.Don’tlaugh_____anyonewhois_____trouble.A.at;inB.at;atC.on;in2.Hangzhouisfamous_____theWestLake.A.forB.toC.as3.–Howdoyoustudy_____atest?-_____workinghard.A.for;ByB.at;InC.for;On4.Firstgo_____thevillage,andthenwalk_____abridge.Youcanfindhimonthefarm.A.across;throughB.through;acrossC.across;across5.Thankyou_____looking_____mylittleson.A.for;atB.to;atC.for;after6.Taiwanis_____thesoutheastofChina.A.inB.onC.at7.Thereisawoodenbridge_____theriver.A.overB.onC.above8.Everyonewasatschool_____Linda,becauseshewasillinbed.A.exceptB.withC.besides9.It’sverynice_____you_____mesomemoney.A.of;lendB.of;tolendC.for;tolend10.XiaoQianglives_____99XinhuaRoad.Hegotuplate.sohewenttoschoolinahurry_____eatingbreakfast.35
A.on;withoutB.on;withC.at;without11.I’dlikeacupofcoffee_____somesugarandmilk.A.withB.inC.of12.Bettyarrived_____London_____theeveningofJune1st.A.in;onB.at;onC.at;in13.–WhendidHongKongreturntoourmotherland.-_____July1st1997.A.OnB.InC.At14.Pleaseturn_____allthelightsintheroom,orI’mafraid.A.upB.onC.down15.Themoonlightiscomingin_____thewindowandtheroomseemsquietandbeautiful.A.overB.acrossC.through16.You’dbetternotgotowork_____breakfast,forit’sbadforyourhealth.A.withoutB.forC.with17.–HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?-_____aboutfiveyears.A.ForB.ByC.Since18.-Don’tbelate_____classagain,OK?-Sorry,Iwon’t.A.forB.inC.to19.Excuseme,whereisthemuseum?Isit_____thelibrary?A.thenexttoB.acrossfromC.inthefrontof20.Thebasketisfull_____vegetables.A.aboutB.withC.of21.Thoughhe’safamouswriter,heisfriendly_____us.A.toB.forC.with22.Mostpeoplegetsick_____thebadweather.A.becauseofB.becauseC.so23._____theageof18,hestartedhisowncompany.A.AtB.InC.From24.Myteacherwasveryangry_____mebecauseIwaslate.A.atB.withC.than25.Herearesomepresents_____you_____ourbestwishes.A.for;forB.to;withC.for;with26.Iarrived_____avillage_____acoldmorning.A.at;onB.at;inC.in;in27.Wearedoingmuchbetter_____English_____ourteachers’help.A.in;withB.at;withC.in;at28.Whatdidyouhave_____breakfastthismorning?A.forB.onC.in29.Look!thebirdsaresinging_____thetree.A.onB.inC.at30.Ithinkhewillbeback_____twoo’clock.A.afterB.withC.at35
答案:AAABCAAABCAAABCAAABCAAABCAAABC三、翻译句子,每空一词。1.在这个月月初,他将去夏威夷度假。HewillgotoHawaiiforvacation____________________thismonth.2.上学期他喜欢滑冰胜过游泳。Lasttermhe_____skating__________.3.在他们的帮助下,这位老人最后找到了他的女儿。_____thehelp__________,theoldmanfoundhisdaughteratlast.4.我母亲昨天花了10美元买这件礼物。Mymother_____﹩10_____thisgiftyesterday.35
七动词Verb(v.)动词是表示动作或状态的词。主要分为行为动词(实义动词)、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。◆一行为动词行为动词又叫实义动词,按照其后是否能接宾语可分为:及物动词和不及物动词。分类例词及物动词love,need,buy,teach等不及物动词come,go,run,swim等◆二系动词系动词的词义不完整,须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下:分类例词例句be动词(am,is)→was/are→wereLilyandLucyaretwins.感官类系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等XuWenqiangwearsglassesandlookscool.变化类系动词become,get,grow,go,turn等状态类系动词keep,stay,remain等※be动词用法口诀:我用am;你用are;is用于他她它;一切复数都用are。◆三助动词助动词本身没有词义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用的助动词有be,do,have等。分类作用be动词am/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时be+过去分词→被动语态do形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词原形前加强语气。havehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成◆四情态动词时情态动词本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,须与实义动词一起构成句子的谓语,表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。情态动词后接动词原形。1.表示能力:can只有现在时和过去时could两种形式;beableto可以有多种形式。如:①Hecan’tspeakFrench.=Heisn’tabletospeakFrench.②IcouldswimverywellwhenIwasnine.=IwasabletoswimverywellwhenIwasnine.2.表示许可、允许:may(might)和can(could)。如:-MayIcomein?-Pleasedo.※为了使语气委婉,可用might代替may;could代替can,但回答时要还原成may和can。如:-CouldIuseyourruler?-Yes,youcan.3.表示推断、判断:must肯定、一定100﹪can’t不可能0could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪4.表示义务、职责或规劝:must,haveto,should.※must在这三个词中语气最强,意为“必须”。其否定回答不用mustn’t(千万不可,万万不能),而用needn’t或don’thaveto(不必)。如:-MustIgoshoppingjustnow?-No,youneedn’t.35
must表示主观“必须”;haveto表示客观要求“必须,不得不”。如:①Youmustdoyourexerciseinclass.②Ihavetogohomenow.should表示某人应该做某事。如:Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkontime.◆五动词短语的分类1.动词+介词(v.+prep.)常见的有lookafter/looklike/talkabout/shoutat/workon等。如:①Ihavetolookafterherathome.我不得不在家照顾她。②Heisthinkingaboutthisquestion.他正在思考这个问题。2.动词+副词(v.+adv.)常见的有puton/putaway/pickup/workout/等。如:①Pleaseputyourcoaton.=Pleaseputonyourcoat.请穿上你的大衣。②Thelightison,pleaseturnitoff.灯亮着,请把它关掉。※动副短语后跟名词作宾语时,宾语置于副词前后均可,;后跟人称代词作宾语时,宾语必须放在副词之前,也就是把宾语放于动副短语之间。3.动词+副词+介词(v.+adv.+prep.)常见的有catchupwith/dowellin/lookoutof/getreadyfor/lookforwardto/comeupwith等。如:Heistryinghisbesttocatchupwiththeotherstudentsintheclass.他正在竭尽全力地追赶班里的其他同学。练习一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Shecan_______(teach)yousomeEnglishsongs.2.Mustmyhomework_________(finish)rightnow?3._____yourmotherusually_____(do)choresafterdinner?4.Thisbikeneeds_____(mend),soyouneed______(ask)UncleLitomendit.5.Tony_____(have)toworktenhoursaday.二、单项选择1.Itriedto______him,butIcouldn’t_____whathesaid.A.listento;hearB.listen;hearC.hear;listento2.–Let’sseethepandas.-That_____interesting.A.looksB.soundsC.gets3.Don’tplaywiththeknife,oryou_____hurtyourself.A.needB.shouldC.may4.–IsthatMr.Zhang?-It_____behim.He‘sgonetoAmerica.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.doesn’t5.–MustIdomyhomeworknow?-No,you_____.You_____doittomorrow.A.needn’t;mustB.needn’t;canC.mustn’t;can6.–DoIhavetohelphim?-Yes,you_____.A.shouldB.canC.must7.Yoursweaterisoverthere,Please_____,becauseit’sverycoldoutside.A.putitonB.putonitC.takeitoff8.I’mlookingforwardto_____JayChouintheconcert.A.seeB.seeingC.willsee9.–_____Iplayvideogamesnow?-No,youmustn’t.A.MustB.NeedC.May10.-_____yourideabike?-No,I_____.35
A.Can;can’tB.Must;mustn’tC.May;maynot11._____tohavelunchwithmethisafternoon?A.IfyoulikeB.WouldyoulikeC.Didyoulike12.–MustIcomeherebefore8o’clock?-No,you_____.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t13.IsawLiPingintheclassroomtwominutesago,He_____beinShanghaiMuseum.A.can’tB.mayC.must14.Mybrotherisill,I_____stayathomeandlookafterhim.A.hastoB.havetoC.must15.–CouldIborrowyourlessonnotes?-Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.couldB.mightC.can答案:ABCABCABCABCABC三、翻译句子,每空一词。1.现在我父亲一定在家。Myfather__________athomenow.2.这道数学题这么难,我算不出来。ThismathproblemwassodifficultthatIcouldn’t_______________.3.你最好不要打扰他。You_______________troublehim.4.他现在习惯于早起。He_______________gettingupearlynow.35
八连词Conjunction(conj.)连词Conjunction(conj.):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如:and/or/butand_____________________________________________________or______________________________________________________but_____________________________________________________35