2014中考英语语法专项复习：词类 35页

2014中考英语语法专项复习：词类词类(partsofspeech)—10名词Noun(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。如：boy/pencil/book冠词Article(art.)：用在名称前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。如：a(an)/the代词Pronoun(pron.)：用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we/that/his/what形容词Adjective(adj.)：用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。如：old/red/fine数词Numeral(num.)：表示数量或顺序。如：one/thirteen/first动词Verb(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：look/go/be(am/is/are)副词Adverb(adv.)：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。如：not/too/here/often介词Preposition(prep)：表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。如：in/on/of/to/under连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如：and/or/but感叹词Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。如：oh/hello/hi一名词Noun(n.)名词表示人或事物的名称.◆一名词的分类专有名词：John/China普通名词：可数名词个体名词：book/table/horse集体名词：family/class/police不可数名词物质名词water/rice/snow抽象名词：health/knowledge/love◇专有名词:表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等，通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny/HongKong/ChristmasDay首字母要大写，但专有名词中的虚词（冠词、介词）的第一个字母不用大写:theGreatWall◆二可数名词（可以用数来计量）的复数⒈规则变化①一般直接加-s.如：boy→boyscup→cups②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es,如：watch→watchesbox→boxes③以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es.如：story→storiesbaby→babies④以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves.如：knife→kniveswife→wivesthief→thievesleaf→leavesscarf→scarveslife→liveshalf→halves﹡roof→roofs⑤以o结尾加-s如：radio→radiosphoto→photospiano→pianoszoo→zoos加-es如：hero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。⒉不规则变化①单复数同形：sheep→sheepfish→fishChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanesedeer→deeryuan→yuan※dollar→dollars②只有复数形式：clothesglasseschopsticksgoodstrouserspantsshorts③特殊变化：child→childrenfoot→feettooth→teethmouse→miceman→menwoman→women※toothbrush→toothbrushes④复合名词的复数形式：a.当有man和woman时，前后两部分都变成复数形式amandoctor→twomendoctorsawomanteacher→threewomenteachers35 b.其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式anappletree→lotsofappletreesbeefandtomatonoodles◆三不可数名词（不可以用数来计量）的计量⒈可数名词表示具体的数量，可以直接用数词来修饰：twoapplestenpersons⒉不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用，构成：数词+量词+of+不可数名词apieceofbreadtwocupsofcoffeethreeglassesofmilkfourboxesofchalkfivebagsofricesixdropsofwatersevenpiecesofnewseightpairsofglasses◆四名词所有格:表示名词之间的所有关系，连接两个名词两种形式：’s所有格→BeijingisChina’scapital.of所有格→BeijingisthecapitalofChina.⒈有生命名词所有格：一般加-’s.Tom’sdeskChildren’sDay以s结尾的复数名词只加’teachers’officestudents’books※如果一样东西为两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词上加-’s（共有）ThisisMaryandLily’sroom./HeisTomandTim’sfather.如果表示各自所有，则两个名词词尾分别加-’s（分别有）TheseareMary’sandLily’srooms./TheseareTom’sandTim’sbooks.⒉无生命名词所有格:名词+of+名词themapofChina/thedooroftheroom※双重所有格of+名词所有格：Heisfriendofmybrother’s.of+名词性物主代词：Thisisabookofmine.◆五可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词修饰可数名词：many/afew/few(Therearemanytrees.)修饰不可数名词：much/alittle/little(Wehavemuchhomeworktodo.)共有的：some/any/alotof/lotsof/plentyof提问：可数名词→Howmanybananasdoyouneed?不可数名词→Howmuchyogurtdoyouneed?※不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用a,an修饰，也不能用many,few,several等修饰。不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：Thehoneyisverysweet.※有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。aclothesshopsportsmeetingglassesstore◇名词的句法功能作主语：Mathismyfavoritesubject.作宾语：Iboughtacomputerlastyear.作表语：Heisacleverstudent.作宾补：WecallhimUncleWang.作定语：There’resomeappletreesoverthere.作状语：Igotoschooleveryday.作呼语：Hello,boysandgirls.35 练习一．用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Wewanttogotothe__________(greatwall).2.Howmany________(chicken)arethereunderthetree?3.Helikes________(chicken)verymuch,It’sverynice.4.Therearetwo________(mouse)inthecage.5.Thedoctorsavedtheir________(life).6.Thechildhastwo________(tooth).7.Ihavesomegood_______(news)foryou.8.Thereisagroupof_______(fish)inthewater.9.Theseare_________(German).10.Shehasmany__________(girlfriend).11.Wewanttohavesome__________(manteacher)inourschool.12.Pleasegivemesome_________(advice).13.Ihavealotof________(money).14.Wewanttwo______(cup)of______(tea).15.Theseare________(children)clothes.16.Thisroomis______________(mybrotherandI).17.Thesebooksare______________(Kateandhersister).18.IhaveacoldIhavetogotothe_________(doctor).19.IsthisTom’scoator_________(Bob)?20.Therewillbea________(sport)meetingnextweek.21.Thereissome________(meat)onthetable.22.Todayis_________　（woman）Day.23.Therearemany_________(visit)tocometomyhometowneveryyear.24.Wewanttodosome________(shop)onSunday.25.Walkingisgoodforour_________(healthy).26.Heisafamous_________(music).27.Theboyisin________(dangerous).28.Youcanseemany_________(leaf)onthegroundinautumn.29.Whoisthe__________(win)ofthegame.30.Thereare_________(hundred)ofpeoplethere.二．单项选择1.Sheep_____whiteandmilk_____alsowhite.A.is;areB.are;sC.are;are2.Howwonderful!The_____ismadeof_____.A.house;glassB.house;glassesC.houses;glass3._____aremadeof_____.A.Glass;glassesB.Glasses;glassesC.Glasses;glass4._____roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.KateandJoanB.Kate’sandJoan’sC.KateandJoan’s5.Therearefew_____inthefridge,Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.meatC.fruit35 6.YangpuBridgeisoneof_____intheworld.A.thebiggestbridgeB.thebiggestbridgesC.biggerbridges7.Look!Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.waterB.childC.boxes8.I’mhungry,Pleasegiveme_____.A.apieceofbreadB.twopiecesofbreadsC.somebreads9.Jackboughta_____inashoeshopyesterday.A.pairofshoesB.pairsofshoesC.pairofshoe10.Imeetsome_____intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JapanesesB.AmericansC.Chineses11.Ihavethreepenpal,Oneis_____,theothertwoare_____.A.Japanese;AmericaB.Canada;AmericaC.English;Frenchmen12.BothTomandJimare_____.A.menteachersB.menteacherC.manteachers13.Hespent_____doingthewholething.A.oneandtwodaysB.oneortwodaysC.onedayandtwo14._____liveat78FenghuangStreet.A.WhiteB.TheWhitesC.TheWhite15.Pleasepassme_____.A.twopieceofpaperB.twopiecesofpaperC.twopiecesofpapers16.Inautumn_____turnyellow.A.leafandgrassB.leavesandgrassesC.leavesandgrass17.Some_____cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.Germany18.Youngpeopleshouldmake_____foroldpeopleonthebus.A.roomB.roomsC.theroom19.Thefootballunderthebedis_____.A.LilyandLucyB.LilyandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucy’s20.Yourshoesarewornout,You’dbetterbuyanew_____.A.newB.pairC.shoes21.I’mnotfeelingwellnow,I’vehad_____.A.coldB.aheadacheC.theheadache22.You’dbetterdomorning_____everyday,It’sgoodtohavelotsof_____.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exerciseC.exercises;exercises23.Morethan_____livedtheretwo_____ago.A.hundredofpeople;hundredsyearsB.hundredsofpeople;hundredyearsC.hundredsofpeople;hundredsyears24.Tom’shandwritingisbetterthananyother_____inhisclass.A.studentsB.student’sC.students’25.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere,It’sabout_____.A.fortyminutes’walkB.fortyminuteswalkC.fortyminute’swalk26.Howmucharethe_____?A.meatB.appleC.apples27.Jimwenttoa_____tobuyapairofshoes.35 A.shoesstoresB.shoesstoreC.shoestore28.Thisisnotmybook,butmy_____.A.brother’sB.brotherC.brothers’29.Weneedtwoteaspoonof_____.A.honeysB.yogurtC.milks30.It’sabout_____walkfrommyhousetoschool.A.tenminutesB.tenminutes’C.tenminute’s31.Theoldmanislonely,Hemadea______bysellingnewspapers.A.livingB.lifeC.live32.Canyougiveme_____onhowtolearnEnglishwell?A.agoodadviceB.someadviceC.anyadvices33.Take_____!Thecarnearlyhityou.A.carefulB.careC.carefully34.September10this______inChina.A.Teacher’sDayB.Teachers’DayC.TeachersDay35.I’dliketodrink_____.A.beersB.somewineC.sugar35 二冠词Article(art.)冠词是一种虚词，放于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词不能单独使用，在句中不重读。冠词分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种。◆一不定冠词及用法a/an是不定冠词，a用在以辅音开头的单词前:aboyaroadan用在以元音开头的单词前:anhouranoldman①泛指某一类的人或物。如：Apandaisverylovely.熊猫很可爱。.②第一次提到某人或某物时。如：Ihaveabook.我有一本书。③表示一这个数量，没有one强烈。如：Ihaveamonth,anoseandtwoeyes.我有一张嘴、一个鼻子和两只眼睛。④用于某些固定词组中。如：afew有一些/alittle一点儿/alotof许多/haveagoodtime玩得开心◆二定冠词the的用法①特指某人或某物。如：ThemaninthecarisMrSmith.车里的人是史密斯先生。②指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Openthedoor,please.请打开窗户。③指上文已经提到过的人或物。如:Shehasason,thesonworksinBeijing.她有一个儿子，他在北京工作。④用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。⑤用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：thefirstlesson第一课/thetallestgirl最高的女孩⑥用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：theGreatWall长城/theYellowRiver黄河/theSummerPalace颐和园/theUnitedStates美国⑦用在姓的复数形式前表示“一家人”。如：theSmithsaregoingtoQingdaoforavacation.史密斯一家打算去青岛度假。⑧用于形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：therich有钱人/thepoor穷人/theold老年人/theyoung年轻人/theblind盲人⑨用在乐器名词前。如:Canyouplaytheguitar?你会弹吉他吗？⑩用在一些习惯语中。如：inthemorning在上午/ontheleft在左边/bytheway顺便说一下/alltheyearround一整年/intheopenair在户外/atthesametime同时/allthetime一直/intheend最后；终于/thedayaftertomorrow后天/inthefuture在将来◆三不用冠词的情况在英语中，不用冠词的现象称作零冠词。①如果名词前已经有指示代词（this/that/these/those）、形容词性物主代词（my/his/our…）或名词所有格等限定词，不用冠词。如：A.Thisismypen.这是我的笔。B.Doyoulikethatcoat?你喜欢那件外套吗？C.TheseareRose’sbooks.这些事罗斯的书。②表示语言、学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。如：语言：Chinese/English/French/Russian/Japanese…学科：maths/history/biology/geography…三餐：breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner球类：football/basketball/tennis/baseball…棋类：chess/Chinesechess…35 ③表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前不用冠词。如：星期：Sunday/Monday/Tuesday…月份：January/February/March…季节：spring/summer/autumn/winter节日：Teachers’Day/Children’sDay…④表示人名、国名、称呼语或头衔等的专有名词前不用冠词。如：A.Lucyisanicegirl.露西是一个还女孩。B.CaptainCookisverypopular.库克船长很受欢迎。※以下国家名称前用the：theUnitedStates/theU.S./TheU.S.A.美国theUnitedKingdom/theU.K.英国⑤某些固定词组中不用冠词。如：athome在家/bytrain乘火车/gotoschool去上学/ontime准时/dayandnight日日夜夜/atfirst起初/atwork在工作/gotobed上床睡觉/onfoot步行◆四以元音音素开头的字母：Aa/Ee/Ff/Hh/Ii/Ll/Mm/Nn/Oo/Ss/Xx(11个)◆五初中阶段以元音音素开头的单词（短语）anappleanorangeanhouranelephantanegganumbrellaaneraseranauntanuncleananimalanactoranartistanislandanonionanIDcardanunusualmananelevenboyanoldmananactionmovieanamusementparkaninterestingstoryanEnglishbookaneight-year-oldboyanhonestboyanexamanexcitingjobanIceandSnowFestivalanawardanorganizationanadanexample※ausefulbook※特别提示：有些短语用定冠词与不用定冠词意义不同。infrontof在…前面→外部attable就餐inbed躺在床上inthefrontof在…前部→内部atthetable坐在桌子旁边inthebed在床上onhorse骑着马onearth究竟onshore在岸上onthehorse在马背上ontheearth在地球上ontheshore在岸边35 练习一．用a,an,the填空，不需要填的用“/”表示。1.Thereis_____bookonthedesk._____bookismine.2.Therearesevendaysin_____week.3._____morecarefulyouare,_____betteryouwilldo.4._____milkisgoodforourhealth.5.Heoftengoestohisschoolon_____foot.6.Shanghaiis_____biggestcityofChina.7.December25this_____ChristmasDay.8.Childrenneedn’tgoto_____schoolon______Sunday.9.Wealwayshave_____ricefor______lunch.10.Doyouneed_____umbrella?11.Areyouallin_____sameschool?12.Thereis_____“h”and_____“o”intheword“hour”.13.Iheardsomebodyplaying_____pianoin_____nextroom.14.Weshouldbekindto_____old.15.Theyaregoingtohave_____supperwith_____Brownstonight.16.Thatevening_____Brownshad_____nicesupper.17.What_____importantpieceofnewsitis!18._____horseis_____usefulanimal.19.Ourteacherhas______8-year-olddaughter,Sheisveryclever.20.Iamreading_____novel,Itis_____interestingstory.21.What_____niceday!Let’sgooutandhave_____walk.22.Ihave_____catand_____catisblack.23.Itisverycoldin_____winter.24.Some_____boysareplayingfootball.25._____boyismybrother.26.Your_____bagisdirty.27.Pleaseopen_____window.28.Iprefergoingby____seatogoingin_____train.29.Whois_____womanin_____car?30.Sheisalways_____firsttogettotheclassroom.31.Ilikeplaying_____basketball,butIdon’tlikeplaying_____piano.32.IthinkEnglishis_____usefulsubject.Doyouthinkso?33.Hehad_____eggand_____glassofmilkfor_____breakfast.34.–Whois_____boy?-Heismy_____bestfriend.35.DoesBobcomefrom_____U.S.or_____Australia?36.Lindaworksin_____hospital.ShesaysthatGrandpaZhangwasin_____hospiatl.37.Howdoyougotowork,by_____busoron_____bike?二．单项选择1._____bookonthedeskis_____Englishbook.A.The;anB.The;aC.A;theD.A;an35 2.LiuHongstudiesin_____universityinBeijing.Sheis_____honestgirl.A.an;aB.an;anC.a;anD.a;a3.In_____summerof1994shewenttoAmericatogoonwithherstudy.A.aB./C.theD.an4.Ioftengoto_____cinemawithTom.Andweoftenhave_____goodtimethere.A.the;aB.the;/C.a;aD./;/5.Shewrote_____e-mailtome.soIknewthatshebought_____MP4yesterday.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a35 三代词Pronoun(pron.)代词用来代替名词、形容词或数词。◆一人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves◇用法⒈主格用来作主语:IlikeEnglish.⒉宾格用来作宾语：Shetoldmeastoryyesterday.⒊形容词性物主代词用来作定语，相当于一个形容词，放于名词前：mycomputer/ourschool⒋名词性物主代词起名词的作用：-Whoseruleristhis?-It’smine.(mine=myruler)⒌反身代词作宾语，放于及物动词、介词之后：Thegirlissooldthatshecanlookafterherself.反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语起强调作用，可以放主语、宾语后，也可以放句末：Icandoitmyself.※①人称代词并列使用时的顺序→巧学妙记：单数231，复数123，承担责任“我”在前。单数顺序：第二、第三、第一人称如：youandhe/youandI/you,heandI复数顺序：第一、第二、第三人称如：weandyou/weandthey/we,youandthey第三人称单数的顺序是：heandshe※②形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词→Thisisn’tmydictionary,mineisoverthere.mine=mydictionary※③常与反身代词连用的短语。⒈enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun(玩得开心、过得愉快)⒉dressoneself(up)(自己穿衣服)⒊hurt/cutoneself(伤了自己)⒋learn…byoneself=teachoneself(自学…)⒌saytooneself(自言自语)⒍helponeselftosth(随便吃些…)一．用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空。1.MynameisJack,_____amthirteen._____fatherisadoctor._____isforty._____hobbyisreadingbooks._____motherisateacher._____oftenteaches_____English.Ilike_____.and_____like_____.2.–Excuseme!Isthisbike_____?-No,itisn’t_____.It’sTom’ssister’s,It’s_____.35 3.Ihaveacat._____nameisMimi._____likeseatingfishandmeat.4.–ArethesebooksJack’s?-Let_____see.Oh,yes,theyare_____.5.Hetaught_____Englishlastyear.Wealllike_____classes.二．反身代词练习：①XiaoDonglikes_______________.②Thesmallgirlistooyoungto__________.③Thechildren__________onChildren’sDay.④He_____French__________.=He__________French.⑤_______________somefish,Ann!⑥Becarefulwiththatknife,oryouwill__________.◆二指示代词单数复数thisthesethatthose指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，也可以代替形容词作定语。如：Thisismypen.→Thesearemypens.Thesestudentswillgohiking.※打电话时常用this指代“我”，用that指代“你”。如：ThisisMaryspeaking,Whoisthat?(我是玛丽，你是谁？)◆三疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的，有who,whom(宾格),whose,what,which.其中who/whom只能指人，what/which指物。1.who/whom/whosewho只能指人，如：Whoistheyoungman?whom指人，只能作宾语。如：Whomdoyouknow?Whose是who的所有格形式。如：Whosebookisonthedesk?2.what/whichwhat一般指物。如：Whatarethese?which指人或物。如：Whichdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?※what与who开头的疑问词都可以指人，what一般问人的职业，who一般问人的身份。如：-Whatishisfather?-Whoishe?-Heisapoliceman.–Heismyfather.※what可用于询问姓名、职业、年龄、日期、星期、价格、时间、数量、爱好、运算结果等。如：①What’syourname?你叫什么名字？②What’stheageofyou?=Howoldareyou?你几岁了？③What’syourjob?=Whatdoyoudo?=Whatareyou?你的职业是什么？④What’syourhobby?你的爱好是什么？⑤What’sthepriceofthiscomputer?=Howmuchisthiscomputer?这台电脑多少钱？⑥Whattimeisit?=What’sthetime?几点了？⑦What’sthepopulationinChina?中国有多少人口？⑧Whatdayisittoday?今天星期几？/What’sthedate?今天几号？⑨What’syouraddress?你的地址是什么？35 ⑩What’stenandtwo?10加2等于多少？一．用适当的疑问代词填空。1．-_____istheman?-Heismyuncle.2.-_____doesyourfatherdo?-He’sanengineer.3.-_____glassesarethese?-Idon’tknow.4.-_____didyoudoyesterday?-IwatchedTV.5.With_____isyourmothertalking?◆四不定代词some通常用于肯定句，但期望得到对方的肯定回答也用some。①一些：修饰可数、不可数名词如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：Idon’thaveanyideas.②都，全部：both指两个人或物→neitherall指三个以上的人或物→noneeither指两者中任何一个，作主语，谓语用单数形式。③许多：many修饰可数名词复数much修饰可数名词复数④少：few→afew修饰可数名词↓↓little→alittle修饰不可数名词↓↓否定：很少肯定：有几个，有一些⑤每一：each强调“个别”，可以单独使用，可修饰单数名词或跟of结构，作主语、宾语和同位语。every强调“整体”，可修饰单数名词，相当于汉语的“每个都”，只作定语。⑥one…theother一个…另一个some…others一些…另一些（另一些并不包括全部）some…theothers一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）another再一，又一（表示不确定数目中的另一个），一般接单数名词。⑦复合不定代词every-some-any-no--thingeverything________________________-one________someone________noone-body________________________________※不定代词作主语，谓语用单数形式。如：Isanyonehere?有人吗？不定代词+adj.如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.练习：一．用所给的不定代词填空A.some/any35 1.Ihave_____goodfriends.2.Thereisn’t_____drinkinthefridge.Ihavetobuy_____.3.MayIaskyou_____questions?4.–Wouldyoupleasepassme_____salt?-Sorry,thereisn’t_____.5._____studentslikelisteningtopopmusic.B.many/much1.How_____didthebikecostyou?2.How_____waterdoyouneed?3.TodayIambusy.Ihave_____homeworktodo.4.Youaregettingfatter.Youcan’teattoo_____meat.5.Thereare_____peopleinthemuseum.C.few/afew/little/alittle1.–CanyouspeakFrench?-Yes,butjust______.2.Thereis_____milkinthebottle.Pleasegetsomeforme.3.IthinkIwillstaytherefor______days.4.Helookssad.becausehehas______friendshere.5.Thereis______honeyintheglass.isn’tthere?D.all/both/none/neither/either1.-Whichcoatdoyoulikebetter,thegreenoneortheyellowone?-Sorry,Ilike_____ofthem.Ilikeblue.2.Myparentsare_____teachers.Weare_____verybusy.3.Ihavemanybooks.but_____ofthemareaboutcooking.4.–Whichdoyoulikebest,tea,coffeeorjuice?-_____.Ilikebeerbest.5.–Whoseanswerisright,Tom’sormine?-Sorry,_____ofthemisright.6.Therearemanyflowerson_____sidesoftheroad.7.Myfatherdoesn’tlikepopmusic.Mymotherdoesn’tlikeit._____.8.–WhencanImeetyou,onMondayorTuesday?-______ofthemisOK.I’mfree.E.each/every1.Imustgotoschool______day.2._____ofthemhasacomputer.3.Youcanhaveanapple_____.4._____ofthemknowsthenews.5._____onemustbehereontime.F.one…theother/some…others/some…theothers/another1.Iboughttwobottlesofwater._____isforyou.and________isformysister.2.Therearesevenpeoplehere.TwoofthemcomefromtheUSA._________arefromAustralia.3.Wearecleaningtheclassroom.Somearecleaningthewindows.Somearesweepingthefloor.and_______arecleaningthedesksandchairs.35 4.Idon’tlikethisone.Canyougetme_____one?G.something/anything/everything/nothing1.Ihave________totellyou.2.________isready.Wecanhavedinner.3.Thereisn’t________interestingintoday’snewspaper.4.YesterdayIwentshopping,butIbought________,becausethereweretoomanypeoplethere.5.–CanIdo________foryou?-That’sverykindofyou.H.somebody/anybody/everybody/nodody1.Listen,_______isknockingatthedoor.2.–Isthere________intheroom?-No,________ishere.3.Is________heretoday?4.________willcometoseeyou.Pleasewaithere.5.________canpasstheexamifheworkshard.二．单项选择1.Passtheknifeto_____,please.Mypencilisbroken.A.IB.myC.me2.YesterdayIsaw_____enjoy_____inthepark.A.them;themselvesB.them;themselfC.they;themselves3.-_____doesyourmotherdo?-Sheisanurse.A.WhatB.WhenC.Which4.Heknows______Englishbuthehas_____Englishfriends.A.little;afewB.little;fewC.afew;little5.–Whichsweaterdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthepinkone?-_____.Ilikealightblueone.A.EitherB.BothC.Neither6.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_____isateacher.A.anotherB.theotherC.other7.Thereis_____intoday’snewspaper.A.newanythingB.somethingnewC.newsomething8.–Canyoudoitby_____,Kate?-Ithinkso.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselves9.Thequestionsaresodifficultthat_____studentscananswerthem.A.fewB.afewC.alittle10.Webought_____acar.A.usB.oursC.our11.Hishandwritingisbetterthan_____.A.herB.hersC.she12.Mikeisstrongerthan_____inhisclass.A.anyboysB.anyotherboyC.anyboy35 13.Thisis_____bag,and_____isoverthere.A.your;hisB.his;yourC.me;me14.Hisparentsare_____doctors.A.eachB.allC.both15.Wecan’tleavethechildrenby_____.A.theyB.themselvesC.them16._____wassnowingwhenwereachedtheschool.A.TheskyB.ItC.Theweather17.–Hello.MayIspeaktoJim,please?-_____?A.WhoareyouB.Who’sthatC.Whoishe18.Today,_____treesarestillbeingcutdownintheworld.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.toomany19.Therearemanytreeson_____sideofthestreet.A.bothB.eitherC.neither20._____likesicecream.A.EverychildrenB.EverychildC.Allchildren21.Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowme_____one.A.theotherB.anotherC.others22.–Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugarormilk,sir?-No,I’dliketeawith_____init.A.somethingB.nothingC.everything23.Everyoneinourclasshasgonehikingexcept_____.Ihaveasoreleg.A.IB.meC.mine24.Wefind_____impossibletogettherebefore8o’clock.A.thisB.itC.that25.Thereisabookonthefloor.Whoseis_____?A.heB.sheC.it26.Itwasrainingsohardthat_____ofherfeetwerewet.A.allB.everyC.both27.Katelost_____keys._____asked_____forhelp.A.her;She;IB.her;She;meC.hers;She;me28.Whoteaches_____French?A.themB.theyC.their29.Theteacherasked_____tocleantheclassroom.A.you,sheandIB.I,youandsheC.you,sheandme30.–Hello,mayIspeaktoDavid?-Speaking.Who_____?-_____John.A.areyou;I’mB.isthat;I’mC.isthat;Thisis31.-_____girlisyourpenpal?-Theoneinred.A.WhoseB.WhoC.Which32.Idon’thave_____money.Couldyoupleaselendme_____?35 A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;any三．翻译句子，每空一词。1.孩子们，请随便吃些水果。Help__________somefruit,children.2.你将要和谁一起度假？__________areyougoingtotakeavacation?3.吉姆发现学好汉语有点难。Jimfound_____alittledifficult__________Chinesewell.4.如果你有问题，可以问我。Ifyouhave__________,youcanaskme.5.教室里有许多孩子，一些在读书，其他的在写字。Thereare_____childrenintheclassroom._____arereading,and_____arewriting.四．按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1.WehadagoodtimeinHangzhoulastweek.（改为同义句）We__________inHangzhoulastweek.2.Mybrotheristeachinghimselfnow.（改为同义句）Mybrotheris_______________now.3.ThatismyEnglishbook.（改为同义句）ThatisanEnglishbook__________.4.LiPingistallwithapairofglasses.（对划线部分提问）_____doesLiPing__________?5.ThepopulationofShandongProvinceisover90million.（对划线部分提问）__________thepopulationofShandongProvince?6.BothyouandhehavebeentotheGreatWall.（改为否定句）_____you_____he_____beentotheGreatWall.7.Allofusrunintheparkeverymorning.（改为否定句）_____ofus_____intheparkeverymorning.35 四形容词Adjective(adj.)和副词Adverb(adv.)◆一形容词形容词用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。（一）作定语1.如果几个形容词修饰一个名词，其顺序为：限定词（my/the/this/some/two）+性质（lovely/bad）+大小+形状、新旧、年龄+颜色+地方+材料+用途类别+中心名词。如：Shehasbeautifullongcurlyblondehair./afineoldstonebridge/somelovelylittleblackbirds2.形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但修饰不定代词时常放在所修饰词之后。如：Thisisaninterestingstory./Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(二)作表语1．Theclassroomisbigandbright.2.有少数形容词一般只能作表语，不能作定语。alone单独的awake醒着的afraid害怕的well身体健康的asleep睡着的alive活着的3.一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语。look看上去sound听起来get变得turn变得become变得grow变得feel感觉taste尝起来seem看上去stay保持keep保持remain保持appear显得(三)作宾语补足语Wholeftthedooropen?(四)the+形容词：表示一类人或物。如果指人，作主语时为复数，指事物时为单数。如：Theoldaretakengoodcareof.◆二副词副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。(一)副词的位置1.副词在句中的位置较灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。一般的，多数副词放在动词后面。但very/much/still/almost等程度副词常放在修饰词之前。always/often等频率副词放在行为动词之前、系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。如：Heisoftenlateforschool.2.多个副词同时出现的次序通常为：方式副词—地点副词—时间副词。如：ShewenttoworkbybusinBeijinglastyear.(二)副词的作用1.作状语It’sraininghard.2.作表语Classisover.3.作定语Theworkersherearehard-working.◆三形容词怎样变副词1.大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。如：careful-carefullyquick-quickly2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-ly。如：easy-easilyhappy-happilylucky-luckily3.以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly。如：true-truly4.以le结尾的形容词，去e再加-y。如：possible-possiblysimple-simply※少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。如：friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的)lovely(可爱的)等。◆四形容词和副词的等级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（即原形）、比较级、最高级35 。比较级表示两者（人或事物）的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，而副词最高级前加不加都可以。（一）规则变化1.一般在词尾加-er/-est.如：原级比较级最高级smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighest2.以不发音字母e结尾的，在词尾加-r/-st.如:原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestlargelargerlargest3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-er/-est.如：原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest4.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er/-est.如：原级比较级最高级bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest5.部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前加moer/most.如：原级比较级最高级popularmorepopularmostpopulardeliciousmoredeliciousmostdelicious（二）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elder年长的oldest/eldest◆五形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法1.同级比较肯定as+形容词/副词原级+as(…与…一样…)否定notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as(…不如…)如：①HeisastallasI.他和我一样高。②HerunsasfastasI.他和我跑得一样快。③Thisrulerisnotas/solongasthatone.这把尺子没有那把长。2.too…to…(太…不能…)如：It’stoohottodoanything.天气太热以至于不能做任何事。3.…enoughto…(足以干…)如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.A+比较级+than+B(A比B…)如：①Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.地球比月球大。②Heworksharderthanwe.他比我们工作更努力。35 5.（越来越…）比较级+and+比较级moreandmore+原级如：①Whenspringcomes,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长。②Thissongisgettingmoreandmorepopular.这首歌变得越来越流行了。6.The+比较级…，the+比较级…（越…就越…）如：①Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。②Themoreyouhave,themoreyouwant.你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。7.Which/Who…+比较级，AorB?(A和B，谁更…？)如：①Whichischeaper,theT-shirtortheshirt?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？②Whorunsfaster,TomorJim?汤姆和吉姆，谁跑得更快？8.the+最高级+in（of,among）…(最…)如：①Annisthetallestinourclass.安是我们班上最高的。②Chinaisthegreatestintheworld.9.比较级+thanany(other)…用比较级的句式表示最高级的意思如：①Roseistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass.罗斯比班上任何其他学生都高。意思是她是班上个子最高的10.oneofthe+最高级+名词复数(最…之一)如：①TheYellowRiverisoneofthelongestriversinChina.黄河是中国最长的河流之一。②JayChouisoneofthemostpopularsingersinTaiwan.周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。11.Which/Who+…（the）+最高级，A，BorC?A、B和C，哪个（谁）最…？如：①Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?太阳、月亮和地球，哪个最大？②Whoruns(the)fastest,Kate,TomorMike?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？12.the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数第几…的…如：TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinourcountry.长江是我国第一长河。◆六比较级的修饰语比较级前可加much/alittle/abit/even/far/still等来修饰，说明程度，但不可用very/quite/rather/too/so等修饰。如：①Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。②Myappleisalittlebiggerthanyours.我的苹果比你的大点儿。35 练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级strong________________high________________slowly________________quickly________________badly________________well________________much________________far________________busy________________fat________________fine________________clever________________angry________________sad________________old________________often________________few________________empty________________二、将下列形容词变为副词loud______usual______final______real______lucky______fast______busy______early______polite______certain______near______三、将下列名词变为形容词cloud______wind______sun______care______danger______thank______worry______help______friend______noise______death______health______China______四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Whichkindofmeatis__________(popular)inChina,beef,porkorchicken?2.Summeris__________(hot)seasonoftheyear.3.Shanghaiisoneof__________(big)citiesintheworld.4.IthinkEnglishis__________(interesting)thanmath.5.Hedoesn’trunas______(fast)asyou.6.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina,anditisoneofthe________(long)riversintheworld.7.Whichproblemis__________(difficult),thisoneorthatone?8.Tomcomestoschool________(early)thanhim.9.Ofalltheworkers,heis__________(busy).10.Tryyour______(well)andyoucando______(well)inEnglish.11.Ourcityisbecoming_____and__________(beautiful).12.Whois________(tall),thegirlortheboy?13.Thissongis__________(popular)thanthatone,Ithink.14.LinMingisoneof__________(good)studentsinourclass.15.Tom,you’retoofat!Youmusttake________(much)exerciseandeat________(little)meat.16.Lucyworksas________(hard)asLily.Ithinktheycanbothgetgoodgrades.17.Inourcity,it’s________(hot)inJuly,butitiseven________(hot)inAugust.18.Maryworks__________(carefully)inourclass.19.Whichofthetwinsruns______(fast)?20.Congratulations!It’savery________(success)performance.35 21.________(luck),hewasnotbadlyhurt.22.Haveyoufoundyour________(lose)car?23.IthinkthisCDplayeris________(help)tolearnEnglish.24.Shecouldn’tfall________(sleep)lastnight.25.Lucyisa________(forget)girl.Sheoftenleavesherbookathome.26.Theorangestaste______(good).27.Hespoke________(loud)and_______(clear).28.Tocrosstheroadis__________(danger)forthechildren.29.Be_________(quickly)!Oryou’llbelate.30.ThomasEdisonwas________insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.Hethoughtitwasvery________(interest).五、单项选择1.LiMingisfive.Heis_____to_____himself.A.tooold;dressB.oldenough;dressC.enoughold;wear2.It’s_____cheapertotravelbytrainthanbyplane.A.muchB.veryC.too3.Theoldmanwas_____weak_____lookafterhimself.A.too;toB.so;thatC.so;to4.Ithinkthisbookisas_____asthatone.A.useB.moreusefulC.useful5.–Canyoutellmehowtokeephealthy?-Youshouldeat_____fastfood,_____vegetablesandtakeenoughexercise.A.fewer;moreB.less;fewerC.less;more6.Johnismuchshorterthanhissister,buthejumps_____shedoes.A.asbestasB.ashighasC.ashigheras7.They’regoingtobuildaschoolfor_____.A.theblindB.blindC.theblinds8.Thiskindofshirtlooks_____andsells_____.A.nice;wellB.good;goodC.well;nice9.Drinkingmilkcanhelpustokeep_____.A.healthB.healthyC.heathily10.Thesuitwas_____expensivethatIcouldn’taffordit.A.veryB.soC.too11.Theoldwriterlives_____,buthedoesn’tfeel_____.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;aloneC.lonely;lonely12.Jackdoesn’trun_____tocatchthebus.A.enoughfastB.quicklyenoughC.slowlyenough13.Thisyearourschoolis_____thanitwaslastyear.A.muchmorebeautifulB.muchbeautifulC.themostbeautiful14.–ThemoreEnglishnewspapersyouread,_____youwilldoinyourEnglish.-Thanksalot.A.themoreB.thebetterC.thewell15.HisEnglishisas_____ashisChinese.A.goodB.wellC.better35 16.WhenIretire,I’llmove_____.A.anywherequietB.somewherequietC.tosomewherequiet17.Hejumps_____fartherthanI.A.veryB.quiteC.much18.Shanghaiislargerthan_____inIndia.A.anyothercityB.anycityC.anyothercities19.Jimmyofteneats_____meat,soheis_____fatnow.A.toomuch;muchtooB.muchtoo;toomuchC.toomany;muchtoo20.LiGangis_____ofthetwobrothers.A.morecarefulB.themorecarefulC.themostcareful(比较范围用了“ofthetwo…”时，比较级前要加the。)六、翻译句子，每空一词1.他起床足够早，赶上了早班车。Hegotup__________tocatchtheearlybus.2.我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。Ourhometownisgetting____________________.3.在考试中，你越细心，出的错就越少。Intheexam,_______________youare,__________mistakesyou’llmake.4.冬天，广州的天气比北京的天气暖和。TheweatherinGuangzhouis__________thatinBeijinginwinter.七、按要求改写句子，每空一词1.Sheusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.（对划线部分提问）__________sheusually_____toschool?2.Robotswillhelppeopledochoresin50years.（对划线部分提问）__________willrobotshelppeopledochores?3.Tomisthirteen.Jimisthirteen,too.（改为同义句）Tomis_______________Jim.4.WangTaorunsfastestinourclass.（改为同义句）WangTaoruns_____than_______________inourclass.5.Idon’tthinkthatmusicisasinterestingasart.（改为同义句）Ithinkthatmusicis_____interesting_____art.6.He’salreadyseenthisfilm.（改为否定句）He_____seenthisfilm_____.35 五数词Numeral(num.)数词可分：基数词：表示数目的多少序数词：表示数目的顺序◆一基数词的构成1.1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式。如：onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2.13-19都以-teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都要重读。如：thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen/3.20-90之间的“整十”都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读。如：twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety4.20-99之间的“几十几”，十位和个位之间要加连字符。如：22twenty-two35thirty-five5.101-999之间的非整百得基数词的读法为：百位数+and+十位数（个位数）。如：156-onehundredandfifty-six709-sevenhundredandnine◆二基数词的用法1.表示数量的多少。如：Thereareseventy-fivedesksinourclass.我们班里有75张课桌。2.表示年龄和年份。如：①Hewasbornin1952.他出生于1952年。②-HowoldisMolly?莫利多少岁了？-Sheisfifteenyearsold.她15岁了。他出生于1952年。※表示年龄用基数词，表示多少岁的生日用序数词。3.表示时刻。如：-Whattimeisitnow?现在几点了？-It’stwototwo.1点58分了。4.表示顺序或编号：单数名词+基数词，此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。如：ClassThree三班Room5555号房间LessonTen第10课Page108第108页5.确数的表达：基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数概数的表达：hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数hundredsof数以百计的thousandsof数以千计的millionsof数以百万计的billionsof数十亿的如：①Therearesixhundredworkersinthisfactory.这家工厂有600名工人。②ThousandsofvisitorshavecometoHangzhouinthelasttwoweeks.在过去的两周中，有成千上万的游客到杭州来。6.“整十”的复数形式用于表示：在某世纪几十年代：inthe+年份的复数在某人几十多岁时：inone’s+整十的基数词的复数=morethan+基数词如：①Inthe1960s,peoplehadtoleadapoorlife.在20世纪60年代，人们不得不过着贫困的生活。②Heinventedmanythingsinhistwenties.他在20多岁时，就发明了许多东西。7.表示分数、小数和百分数①分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子是大于1的整数，分母用复数形式。如：1/3读作a(one)third;2/5读作twofifths;5/6读作________.※在英语中，四分之一为aquarter；四分之三为threequarters；二分之一为ahalf。35 ②﹡小数的表达：小数点读作point,零读作zero。小数点后面的数按各位基数词依次读出。如：0.8读作zeropointeight16.78读作sixteenpointseveneight③﹡百分数的表达：基数词+percent如：7%读作sevenpercent50%读作fiftypercent④﹡表示倍数：half(一半)twice(二倍)threetimes(三倍)◆三序数词的构成序数词大多是由基数词变形而成的。构成形式如下：1.1-3应逐个记忆，它们分别是：first,second,third.2.4-19之间的序数词都由相应的基数词加-th构成的。如：fourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth※five-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth的拼写比较特殊。3.20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉-y加-ieth构成。如：twentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth4.21-99之间“第几十几”的序数词，前面的十位用基数词，后面的个位用序数词，中间用连字符。如：twenty-first第二十一twenty-ninth第二十九seventy-eighth第七十八※巧学妙记：变脸123；8加h,9减e,_______________________________________________________.◆四序数词的用法1.表示顺序：the+序数词+单数名词如：①Thesecondpictureisverybeautiful.第二幅图很美。②ThefourthstudentcomesfromAmerica.第四个学生来自美国。3.表示日期中的“日”。如：2009年5月14日表示为：May14th,2009;读作：Maythefourteenth,twothousandandnine。35 练习一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Tom’smothergavehimanicegiftonhis_____(eight)birthday.2.–What’sthedatetoday?-It’sSeptemberthe_____(thirty).3.Mr.Wuaskedhisstudentstoturntothe________(fifty-nine)page.4.Heopeneduphisowncompanyinhis________(twenty).5.Howhappilywearelivinginthe________(twenty-one)century!二、根据括号里的汉语提示，完成下列句子。1.KateandMaryarein________________(三年级五班).2.IwasborninShanghaion________1993(1993年10月17日).3.She’sbeenawayfromLondonfor____daysand________(三天半).4.Itwasalonelyvillage____the____(在20世纪80年代),butnowtherearemanytallbuildinginit.5.________(三分之二)ofthestudentsinClass1comefromthecountryside.三、单项选择1.Thereare_____workersinthisfactory.A.twohundredsandthirty-sixB.twohundredandthirty-sixC.twohundred,thirty-six2._____playerswilltakepartinthecitysportsmeeting.A.HundredsofB.HundredofC.Hundreds3.Thereare_____monthsinayear.Decemberis_____monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelfthB.twelfth;twelveC.twelve;thetwelfth4._____oftheboysinourclass_____playingsoccerafterschool.A.Four-fifths;likeB.Four-fifths;likesC.Four-five;like5.Theyplantoplant_____inthepark.A.sixtymoretreesB.moresixtytreesC.sixtyanothertrees※基数词+more+名词复数=another+基数词+名词复数（再…又…）6.Mr.Smithhasan_____daughter.A.eightyearsoldB.eight-year-oldC.eightyearold7.Ihadlearned_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.fourhundredB.fourhundredsC.fourhundredsof8.Thrstoryhappened_____.A.inthe1940B.inthe1940sC.in1940s9.IwillstayinBeijingfor_____.A.oneortwodaysB.oneandtwodaysC.onedayortwodays10.–Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?-_____please.A.ThreekiloofapplesB.ThreekilosofapplesC.Threekilosofapple11.We’llhavea_____holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-days12.The_____OlympicswasheldinAugust,2008inBeijingChina.A.twenty-ninethB.twenty-ninthC.twenty-nine35 13.Thisisabigclassand_____ofthestudentsaregirls.A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.secondthree14.–Peter,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?-_____.Andwejusthadapartyforhis_____birthdaylastweekend.A.Forty;fortiethB.Forty;fortyC.Fortieth;forty15.–WhichfloordoesMr.Huliveon?-Heliveson_____floor.A.tenthB.thetenthC.theten16.Tree-plantingDayisonthe_____ofMarcheveryyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.twelveth17.Thereare_____daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixtyfive18.–Whattimeisitnow?-It’s_____.A.teno’clockB.ThursdayC.morning19.–Whatclassareyouin?-I’min_____.A.Grade9B.Class9C.No.920.Morethan60_____peoplediedinthepowerfulearthquakeinSichuanProvince.A.thousandB.thousandofC.thousandsof35 六介词Preposition(prep)：介词是一种虚词。介词不能单独作句子成分，介词除本身具有的含义之外，介词还可以和其他词搭配，表示不同的含义。◆一表示时间的介词：in/on/at1.in的用法①年（月）：in2009在2009年inMay,2010在2010年5月②上午/下午/晚上/白天：inthemorning在上午intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上inthedaytime在白天③季节：inspring在春季insummer在夏季inautumn在秋季inwinter在冬季2.on的用法①星期/日期/节日：onMonday在星期一onMarch1st,19951995年3月1日onTeachers’Day在教师节②某日的上午/下午/晚上：onMondaymorning在星期一上午ontheafternoonofMay2nd在5月2日下午onawindyevening在一个有风的晚上onacoldnight在一个寒冷的夜晚3.at的用法①几点钟：atsixo’clock在六点钟②中午/夜晚/拂晓：atnoon在中午atnight在夜晚atdaybreak在拂晓③固定短语：atthebeginningof在…开始时attheendof在…的结尾attheageof在…岁时◆二表示地点的介词：in/on/at1.in/onin表示“在…里面”如：Thereissometeainthecup.杯子里有一些茶。on表示“在…上面”如：Therearesomeapplesonthetable.桌子上有几个苹果。2.in/at表示地点时，in+大地方如：HearrivedinChinayesterday.他昨天到达了中国。at+小地方如：Wearrivedattheairport.我们到机场了。3.in/onthestreet表示“在街上”；ontheroad表示“在马路上”；若街、路得名称前有门牌号，则用介词at。如：Helivesat608FenghuangStreet.他住在凤凰街608号。4.注意下列词组的用法：onthetree树本身固有的东西在树上，如果实等。Therearesomeapplesonthetree.树上有一些苹果。inthetree外来物在树上，如小鸟等。Icanseethreebirdsinthetree.我能看到树上有3只小鸟。onthewall在墙的表面，如图画等。Thereisamaponthewall.墙上有一幅地图。inthewall嵌在墙里，如窗户或洞等。There’saholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。◆三in/on/at的其他用法in的其他用法1.穿、戴(衣服或鞋帽)。如：①Heisinblue.他穿着蓝色的衣服。②Iknowthemaninahat.我认识那个戴帽子的男士。2.用，后跟语言或材料，表示手段或方法等。如：①HowdoyousaythatinEnglish?那个用英语怎么说？②Shewrotetheletterinpencil.他用铅笔写的这封信。3.表示境况、情绪、状态等。如：introuble陷入困境indanger处于危险中insurprise惊讶地ingoodhealth身体健康35 4.关于…，在…方面。如：I’mweakinmath.我的数学不好。on的其他用法1.在从事…中如：onbusiness出差onholiday/vacation度假onduty值日onshow=ondisplay陈列；展览2.表示“用；以…方式；通过”。如：①Let’stalkaboutitonthephone.我们在电话里讨论它吧②Wegotoschoolonfoot.我们步行去上学。at的其他用法1.表示“在…方面”。如：SheisgoodatEnglish.她擅长英语。2.用在年龄前，表示“在…岁时”。如：Attheageof4,hebegantoplaythepiano.他4岁时便开始弹钢琴。3.用在具体的价格前。如：Thecoatisonsaleat(thepriceof)100yuan.这件上衣以100元的价格出售。◆四for/by的用法归类for的常见用法1.表示目的，意为“为了”。如：①Iwanttogobackformypen.我要回去拿我的铅笔。②Let’sgoforawalk.我们出去散散步吧。2.表示用途，意为“适用于；适合”。如：Thisisabookforchildren.这是一本适合儿童阅读的书。3.表示动作的方向、目的地，意为“向；往”。如：ThisshipisforNewYork.这艘轮船驶往纽约。4.用在固定搭配中。如：lookfor寻找waitfor等候belatefor迟到by的常见用法1.表示位置，意为“在…旁边；靠近…”。如：Somechildrenaredrawingbythelake.一些孩子在湖边画画。2.表示时间，意为“到…为止；不迟于…”。如：Howmanysongshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?到上学期结束时你学了多少首歌曲？3.表示“由；经；乘”，by后接交通工具。如：Everydayhegoestoworkbybus.他每天乘公共汽车去上班。4.表示方式或手段，意为“用；借；通过”，by后接动名词。如：IstudyEnglishbyreadingalot.我通过大量阅读来学习英语。5.用于被动语态中，意为“由，被”，by后接动作的执行者。如：Thisbikewasfoundbytheboylasttime.这辆自行车上次是被那个男孩发现的。◆五含介词的固定搭配1.动词+介词talkabout谈论worryabout担心laughat嘲笑knockat敲…lookafter照顾；照料agreewith同意dependon依靠；依赖turnon打开hearof听说hearfrom收到…的来信2.动词+副词+介词catchupwith跟上dowellin擅长lookoutof向…外看getreadyfor为…做准备lookforwardto期望comeupwith想出3.be+形容词+介词befondof喜欢begoodat擅长beproudof为…感到自豪bedifferentfrom与…不同35 bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格bestrictinsth对某事要求严格betiredof对…感到厌烦beweakinsth不擅长…；在某方面差besorryfor为…感到可惜；对…表示同情4.动词+名词+介词makeacontributionto为…做贡献payattentionto注意takecareof照顾练习一、用适当的介词填空1.Hearrived_____Moscow_____3:30_____theafternoon.2.“What’sthis_____English?”heasked_____surprise.3.We’llleave_____America_____Sundaymorning.4._____thetimeIgot_____school.IrealizedthatIhadleftmyhomeworkathome.5.PeopleoftenmistakeLucy_____Lily,becausetheyaretwins.6.Chinesenamesaredifferent_____Englishnames.7.Theyweretalking_____afilmwhenIcame_____theroom.8.Mr.Smithisverystrict_____hisstudentsand_____hisownwork.9.Thewoman_____redwasborn_____July24,1966.10.Sheoftengoesdancing_____Fridayevening.11._____mysurprise,hehaslearnedit.12.Hehasbeenteachinghere_____1990.13.Someoneisknocking_____thedoor.14.Iwaited_____anhour.15.Imethimtheday_____yesterday.16.Go_____thisstreetandthenturnleft.二、单项选择1.Don’tlaugh_____anyonewhois_____trouble.A.at;inB.at;atC.on;in2.Hangzhouisfamous_____theWestLake.A.forB.toC.as3.–Howdoyoustudy_____atest?-_____workinghard.A.for;ByB.at;InC.for;On4.Firstgo_____thevillage,andthenwalk_____abridge.Youcanfindhimonthefarm.A.across;throughB.through;acrossC.across;across5.Thankyou_____looking_____mylittleson.A.for;atB.to;atC.for;after6.Taiwanis_____thesoutheastofChina.A.inB.onC.at7.Thereisawoodenbridge_____theriver.A.overB.onC.above8.Everyonewasatschool_____Linda,becauseshewasillinbed.A.exceptB.withC.besides9.It’sverynice_____you_____mesomemoney.A.of;lendB.of;tolendC.for;tolend10.XiaoQianglives_____99XinhuaRoad.Hegotuplate.sohewenttoschoolinahurry_____eatingbreakfast.35 A.on;withoutB.on;withC.at;without11.I’dlikeacupofcoffee_____somesugarandmilk.A.withB.inC.of12.Bettyarrived_____London_____theeveningofJune1st.A.in;onB.at;onC.at;in13.–WhendidHongKongreturntoourmotherland.-_____July1st1997.A.OnB.InC.At14.Pleaseturn_____allthelightsintheroom,orI’mafraid.A.upB.onC.down15.Themoonlightiscomingin_____thewindowandtheroomseemsquietandbeautiful.A.overB.acrossC.through16.You’dbetternotgotowork_____breakfast,forit’sbadforyourhealth.A.withoutB.forC.with17.–HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?-_____aboutfiveyears.A.ForB.ByC.Since18.-Don’tbelate_____classagain,OK?-Sorry,Iwon’t.A.forB.inC.to19.Excuseme,whereisthemuseum?Isit_____thelibrary?A.thenexttoB.acrossfromC.inthefrontof20.Thebasketisfull_____vegetables.A.aboutB.withC.of21.Thoughhe’safamouswriter,heisfriendly_____us.A.toB.forC.with22.Mostpeoplegetsick_____thebadweather.A.becauseofB.becauseC.so23._____theageof18,hestartedhisowncompany.A.AtB.InC.From24.Myteacherwasveryangry_____mebecauseIwaslate.A.atB.withC.than25.Herearesomepresents_____you_____ourbestwishes.A.for;forB.to;withC.for;with26.Iarrived_____avillage_____acoldmorning.A.at;onB.at;inC.in;in27.Wearedoingmuchbetter_____English_____ourteachers’help.A.in;withB.at;withC.in;at28.Whatdidyouhave_____breakfastthismorning?A.forB.onC.in29.Look!thebirdsaresinging_____thetree.A.onB.inC.at30.Ithinkhewillbeback_____twoo’clock.A.afterB.withC.at35 答案：AAABCAAABCAAABCAAABCAAABCAAABC三、翻译句子，每空一词。1.在这个月月初，他将去夏威夷度假。HewillgotoHawaiiforvacation____________________thismonth.2.上学期他喜欢滑冰胜过游泳。Lasttermhe_____skating__________.3.在他们的帮助下，这位老人最后找到了他的女儿。_____thehelp__________,theoldmanfoundhisdaughteratlast.4.我母亲昨天花了10美元买这件礼物。Mymother_____﹩10_____thisgiftyesterday.35 七动词Verb(v.)动词是表示动作或状态的词。主要分为行为动词（实义动词）、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。◆一行为动词行为动词又叫实义动词，按照其后是否能接宾语可分为：及物动词和不及物动词。分类例词及物动词love,need,buy,teach等不及物动词come,go,run,swim等◆二系动词系动词的词义不完整，须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下：分类例词例句be动词(am,is)→was/are→wereLilyandLucyaretwins.感官类系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等XuWenqiangwearsglassesandlookscool.变化类系动词become,get,grow,go,turn等状态类系动词keep,stay,remain等※be动词用法口诀：我用am；你用are；is用于他她它；一切复数都用are。◆三助动词助动词本身没有词义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用的助动词有be,do,have等。分类作用be动词am/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时be+过去分词→被动语态do形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词原形前加强语气。havehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成◆四情态动词时情态动词本身有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，须与实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。情态动词后接动词原形。1．表示能力：can只有现在时和过去时could两种形式；beableto可以有多种形式。如：①Hecan’tspeakFrench.=Heisn’tabletospeakFrench.②IcouldswimverywellwhenIwasnine.=IwasabletoswimverywellwhenIwasnine.2.表示许可、允许：may(might)和can(could)。如：-MayIcomein?-Pleasedo.※为了使语气委婉，可用might代替may；could代替can，但回答时要还原成may和can。如：-CouldIuseyourruler?-Yes,youcan.3.表示推断、判断：must肯定、一定100﹪can’t不可能0could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪4.表示义务、职责或规劝：must,haveto,should.※must在这三个词中语气最强，意为“必须”。其否定回答不用mustn’t（千万不可，万万不能）,而用needn’t或don’thaveto（不必）。如：-MustIgoshoppingjustnow?-No,youneedn’t.35 must表示主观“必须”；haveto表示客观要求“必须，不得不”。如：①Youmustdoyourexerciseinclass.②Ihavetogohomenow.should表示某人应该做某事。如：Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkontime.◆五动词短语的分类1.动词+介词（v.+prep.）常见的有lookafter/looklike/talkabout/shoutat/workon等。如：①Ihavetolookafterherathome.我不得不在家照顾她。②Heisthinkingaboutthisquestion.他正在思考这个问题。2.动词+副词（v.+adv.）常见的有puton/putaway/pickup/workout/等。如：①Pleaseputyourcoaton.=Pleaseputonyourcoat.请穿上你的大衣。②Thelightison,pleaseturnitoff.灯亮着，请把它关掉。※动副短语后跟名词作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可，；后跟人称代词作宾语时，宾语必须放在副词之前，也就是把宾语放于动副短语之间。3.动词+副词+介词（v.+adv.+prep.）常见的有catchupwith/dowellin/lookoutof/getreadyfor/lookforwardto/comeupwith等。如：Heistryinghisbesttocatchupwiththeotherstudentsintheclass.他正在竭尽全力地追赶班里的其他同学。练习一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Shecan_______(teach)yousomeEnglishsongs.2.Mustmyhomework_________(finish)rightnow?3._____yourmotherusually_____(do)choresafterdinner?4.Thisbikeneeds_____(mend),soyouneed______(ask)UncleLitomendit.5.Tony_____(have)toworktenhoursaday.二、单项选择1.Itriedto______him,butIcouldn’t_____whathesaid.A.listento;hearB.listen;hearC.hear;listento2.–Let’sseethepandas.-That_____interesting.A.looksB.soundsC.gets3.Don’tplaywiththeknife,oryou_____hurtyourself.A.needB.shouldC.may4.–IsthatMr.Zhang?-It_____behim.He‘sgonetoAmerica.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.doesn’t5.–MustIdomyhomeworknow?-No,you_____.You_____doittomorrow.A.needn’t;mustB.needn’t;canC.mustn’t;can6.–DoIhavetohelphim?-Yes,you_____.A.shouldB.canC.must7.Yoursweaterisoverthere,Please_____,becauseit’sverycoldoutside.A.putitonB.putonitC.takeitoff8.I’mlookingforwardto_____JayChouintheconcert.A.seeB.seeingC.willsee9.–_____Iplayvideogamesnow?-No,youmustn’t.A.MustB.NeedC.May10.-_____yourideabike?-No,I_____.35 A.Can;can’tB.Must;mustn’tC.May;maynot11._____tohavelunchwithmethisafternoon?A.IfyoulikeB.WouldyoulikeC.Didyoulike12.–MustIcomeherebefore8o’clock?-No,you_____.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t13.IsawLiPingintheclassroomtwominutesago,He_____beinShanghaiMuseum.A.can’tB.mayC.must14.Mybrotherisill,I_____stayathomeandlookafterhim.A.hastoB.havetoC.must15.–CouldIborrowyourlessonnotes?-Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.couldB.mightC.can答案：ABCABCABCABCABC三、翻译句子，每空一词。1.现在我父亲一定在家。Myfather__________athomenow.2.这道数学题这么难，我算不出来。ThismathproblemwassodifficultthatIcouldn’t_______________.3.你最好不要打扰他。You_______________troublehim.4.他现在习惯于早起。He_______________gettingupearlynow.35 八连词Conjunction(conj.)连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如：and/or/butand_____________________________________________________or______________________________________________________but_____________________________________________________35