初中英语语法总复习-初中教育精选 59页

初中英语语法综合讲解【考点1]一般现在时的用法考查概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时1X1状i吾：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek（day,year,month...）,onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;@此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加doit,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn"t,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。一般现在时主要有如下儿点用法：1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：ItseldomsnowsinSuqiannow.2、现在的特征或状态。例如：Helovessports.3、普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Ligh（travelsfasterthansound./Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.4、可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候耍离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin,start,stop,amve,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等。例如I：Myplaneleavesat11a.m.tomorrow./Schoolbeginsthedayaftertomorrow.5、在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句屮，从句屮谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave./Wewillstartassoonasyouareready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点：a.在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理，一般规律，谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：Hesaidtheearthisround.b.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为”是否“意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为”当、、时候”，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示”什么时候”，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：Idon"tknowwhenhewillvisitme.c.一些时间副词如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,everyday等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：Heoftengoesswimming./Heoftenwentswimmingin1999.【中考链接】1.—Mum,shallwehavelunch?-Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad.（2007年连云港）A.when;returnsB.where;returnsC.where;willreturnD.when;willreturn简析：Aowhen在后半句屮表示“当、、、时候“，状语从句屮用一般现在时表示将来情况，根据后半句应该是问时间的，第一空用时间疑问词when.2.—TomorrowwillbeFather"sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather? 一IwillsaynIloveyou,Daddy"assoonasheup.（2007年南通）A.willwakeB.iswakingC.wakesD.woke简析：Coassoonas"-就、、”，引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。2.Ourteachersaidlightfasterthansound.（2007年宿迁）A.travelledB.hastravelledC.istravellingD.travels简析：D.”光比声咅传播速度快“是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。3.—Let"sgofishingifitthisweekend.・・Butnobodyknowsifit.（2006年扬州）A.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rainsC.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain简析：Ao前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是“是否“，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。4.-Isyourfatheradoctor?—Yes,heis.HeinTownHospital.（2006年武汉）A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked简析：Co一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即”爸爸现在在这所医院工作。“【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。现在进行时主要有以下用法：1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语：rightnow,atpresent,atthemoment,now.常见的标志性动词如：look,listen等。例如：Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如I：go,come,leave,start,arrive,work,have,stay,play,return等。例如：-Tom,supperisready.Comequickly.・OK.I"mcoming.注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有:love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have（有）,sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来）等。【中考链接】1.—Where"syourmother,Helen?—Shetheflowersinthegarden.（2007年镇江）A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.haswatered简析：Co谈话屮问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。2.・-Hurryup!It"stimetoleave.—OK,.（2006年孝感）A.I"mcomingB.I"llcomeC.I"vecomeD.Icome简析：Ao•Tmcoming1噫思是“我就来”。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。3.—ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?-Oh,no.Hehisclothes.（2006年泸州） A.iswashingB.washesC.haswashedD.washed简析：Ao上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球，但另外一个人说不行，显然，他正在洗 衣服现在脱不开身。般现在时和现在进行时强化训练HiH1.Jenny!Doyouknowthatone-thirdoftheboysinourclassthesingerZhangShaohan?A.likeB.likesC.liking2.Thesenseofhappinesswillincreaseifyouwhatyouliketodo.A.doB.didC.willdo3.BettywillringmeupwhensheinBeijing・D.willarriveA.arrivesB.arriveC.arrived4.Ifyouyourhomework,youcangoouttoplayfootball・A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishing5.Nowmyfatherhisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving・A.ridesB.rodeC・rideD・willride6.Where"sTom1?Hismotherhimnow.D.LooksforD.wasplayingA.islookingforB.willlookforC・haslookedfor7.—WhatisTomdoingnow?一Hebasketballoverthere.A.isplayingB.willplayC.hasplayed8.一Whattheweatherlike?——Oh,itoutside・Takeanumbrellawithyou.A.israiningB.rainsC・wasrainingD.rained9.Youcan"usethebathroomrightnow.Robbieashower.A・istakingB・willtakeC・takes10.Look!Theboysfootballontheplayground.A.areplayingB.playC・playsD・played11・Thisgirlisreadytohelppeopleanytime.Whensheisonthebus,shealwaysherseattosomeoneinneed・A.giveB.givesC・gaveD・giving12.一WhenwillheleaveforShanghai?—Assoonashe_hiswork・A.finishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish13.AlthoughBillisn"trichenough,heoftenmoneytothepoor.A.willgiveB.givesC.wasgivingD.gave14.-Canyourfatherdrive?・■一Yes,andhetoworkeveryday.A.isdrivingB.drivesC・droveD.hasdriven15.Johnlikesplayingsoccerverymuchandheaboutonehourplayingiteveryday.A.spentB.spendsC.hasspentD・willspend16>Thesuninthecastandgoesdowninthewest.A.isalwaysrisingB.alwaysrisesC・risesalwaysD.alwaysisrising17.Theteachertoldusthatthesunbiggerthantheearth.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.willbe1&Don"tmakesomuchnoise.ThechildrenanEnglishlesson.A.haveB・arehavingC.werehaving 19.TodayisWomen"sDay.MyfatherandI_aspecialgiftformymothernow.A.makeB・aremakingC・made20.——What"sthatnoise?—h,Iforgottotellyou.Theneighbors_foraparty.A・prepareB・arepreparingC・willprepare21.——WhereisMichael?-…HeTVathome,Ithink.A・watchesB.watchedC・iswatching22.Listen!Thephone・Pleasegotoanswerit.A.ringsB・rangC・isringingD.havepreparedD.waswatchingD.willringA・sleptB.willsleepC・issleepingD.sleeps23.—Pleaseturnofftheradio,grandmanow・一OK,Elldoitrightnow.24.—Whatareyoudoing?—FmTV.A・watchedB・watchesC・watching25.Theworkersanewbridgenow.ThetrafficinGuangzhouwillbebettersoon.A.buildB.werebuildingC.arebuildingD・built26.Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.A.will;growB・has;grownC・is;growingD.is;grown27.-Fvenotfinishedmyprojectyet.—Hurryup!Ourfriendsforus.A・waitB・willwaitC.arewaitingD.havewaited28.Ithardoutside・Youhavetostayathome・A・rainB・rainedC.israining29.Look!Jackandhismonkeyflyingdisktogetherinthegarden.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC・areplayingD.wereplaying30.一Alan,itlate.Whynotgotobed?一Jennyhasn^tcomebackyet.Iforhe匚A.waitedB.havewaitedC.amwaitingD・waswaiting31.—MayIspeaktoMrMorgan?—Sorry・Heonthefarm.A.works.B.workedC.hasworkedD.isworking32.—PleaseturnofftheTV.Thebaby.—OK.Fllgooutforawalk.A.sleepsB・sleptC・wassleepingD.issleeping33.■一WhereisGrace?■一She_intheyard.A.readsB.readC.wasreadingD.isreading34.Don"makesomuchnoise.ThechildrenanEnglishlesson.A.haveB.werehavingC.arehaving35.Listen!Someoneforhelp!A.calledB.hascalledC.iscalling36.Thegirlwithhergrandparentsforthemomentbecauseherparentsarebothverybusythismonth.A.livedB.waslivingC・liveD・isliving37.A:Whal"syourbrotherdoingnow?B:Heisakite・ A.flyB.flewC.fliesD.flying19.Listen,ourteachersRedSongsinthenextroom.A.sangB・singsC.aresinging39.一WhereisyourEnglishteacher?Fmlookingforhimeverywhere・—HetheInternetinthecomputerroom.A・willsearchB.hassearchedC・searchedD・issearching初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（二）【考点3】一般过去时的用法考査概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastwcck（ycar,night,month...）,in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn"t,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。一般过去时主要有以下用法：1.表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday,lastnight/week,amonthago/tenyearsago和具体的过去时间in1990,in2006等。例如：SheoftencametohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.2、发生的时I、可不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。例如：Hewaswritingaletterlastnight.（不知道是否写完了）/Hewrotealetterlastnight.（结果写完了）【中考链接】1.Simonhisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.（2007年盐城）A.burntB.wasburningC.hasburntD.hadburnt简析：Aoburn此处为瞬间动词，表示”烫着”，”当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指”，一般过去时在此处表示结果。2.—I"msorryyouhavemissedthebus.Itfiveminutesago.-Whatapity!（2006年徐州）A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.leftD.leaves简析：Co根据"fiveminutesago"可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。3.—Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.—Mywatch!Thankyou.Whereit?（2006年绍兴）A.doyoufindB.haveyoufoundC.didyoufindD.wereyoufinding简析：C。 ”发现“的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基木结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing・一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。过去进行时主要有以下用法：1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：Iwasreadingthenewspaperat6.30thismorning・2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：TheearthquakestartedwhileIwasdoingsomeshopping・3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：Whenhissonarrived,theoldmanwasdying.【中考链接】1.—Icametoyourhomeyesterdayafternoon,butnobodywasin.~Oh,wesomeshoppinginthesupermarket.（2007年南通）A.havedoneB.didC・weredoingD.aredoing简析：Co根据对话，可知在对方到他们家时，他们当时正在超市购物。2.—Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?—Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?Iaboutsomethingelse.（2007年扬州）A.thinkB・thoughtC・amthinkingD.wasthinking简析：D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么，可知对方说话时，此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。1.1myhomeworkwhilemyparentsTVlastnight.（2006年南京）A.did;havewatchedB.wasdoing;werewatchingC・haddone;werewatchingD.woulddo;werewatching简析：Bo做作业和看电视均为延续性动词，而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作，所以都用过去进行时。一般过去时和过去进行时强化训练题1・PaulantItennisyesterday・Hedidmuchbetterthan1.A.playedB.willplayC.playD・areplaying2.AbigpartywasheldinNO」8MiddleSchoollastnight,theteacherwithstudentssinginganddancinghappilyattheparty.A.wasB.isC・areD・were3.Mr.BlackisgoingtomarryagirlheinJapanlastyear. A.metB・meetsC.hasmetD.wouldmeet2.Hewentintohisroom,thelightandbegantowork・A.turnedonB.turnedoffC.hasturnedonD.hasturnedoff3.—WhatdidMr.SmithdobeforehecametoChina?—Heinacarfactory-A・workedB・worksC.isworkingD.willwork6—Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?—Ionthegrassanddrawingapicture・A.sitB.wassittingC.amsittingD.sat7.WhileITV,thebellrang.A.watchB.waswatchingC.amwatchingD.watched8.—Whydicingyouanswermytelephoneyesterday?一Sorry.Iabath.A.tookB.wastakingC・amtakingD・take9.Whilethealienasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.A.boughtB.wasbuyingC-buysD.isbuying10.—Icalledyouat6o"clockyesterdayevening,butnobodyanswered・-Emsorry.ImyfrienddownloadthemovieKungFuPandaIIwhenthetelephonerang,A.wouldhelpB・washelpingC.helped11・—Youhavefoundyourlostumbrella,haven"tyou?—Yes.Iitbehindthedoorthisafternoon.A.havefoundB.willfindC.found12.Tom,alongwiththreeotherboys,seenplayingfootballamomentago.A.isB.areC・wasD.were13.Tenminutesago,thereaneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.A.wereB.isC・was14.一HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?一Yes,Itherelastmonth.A.wenttoB.havebeenC.went15.ThismorningIhadhardlygottomyschoolwhenittorain.A.hadbegunB・wasbeginningC・beganD.begins16.一HowwasyourtriptoHangZhou,Jim?一Great!WetoXixiNationalWetlandPark.A.goB.wentC・willgoD・amgoing17.一Doyouknowwhocleanedtheblackboard,Tina?一Yes.John.A.doB.didCdoes•1&ThelasttimeItothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.goB.havegoneC・havebeenD・Went 19.一LinKai,handinyourhomework,please.一Oh,sorry.Iitathomethismorning.A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left20.I"mnowinNewYorkwithmyfriendJenny.WebyplaneonMonday.A.arriveB.arrivedC・arearrivingD.willarrive 19.-Whenyourmotheryouthatbluedress,Lucy?-Sorry,Ireallycan"lremembe匚Maybetwoorthreeweeksago.A.will;buyB.does;buyC.did;buy20.——Ihavetobeoffrightnow.—Whatapity!Iyoucouldstayalittlelongerwithus.A.thinkB.amthinkingC・thought21.Tomwassocarelessthathe_hisrightarmwhenhewasridingtoschool.A.hurtsB.hurtC.hashurtD.hadhurt24.—IC.amwritingsomethingwrongjustnow.May1useyoureraser?一Ofcourse.Hereyouare.A.writeB・wrote25.What"sthebestpresentyouhaveever_C.receiving26.一Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?——Sorry・Ididn"tcatchit.IB.willthinkA.receivedB・receivessomethingelse.A.thinkC・wasthinkingD.hadthought27WhenIcamebackyesterdayevening,mybrotherhishomework.AisdoingB.hasdoneC.wasdoing2&—DidyouseeMi;Blackjustnow?一Yes.HehiscarwhenImethim.A.parkedB.wasparkingC.parksD.willpark29.—Amy,Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butnobodyansweredthephone・一Oh,Iawalkwithmymotheratthattime・A.takeB.tookC.amtakingD・wastaking30.一Whydidn"tyougotoplayfootballwithusyesterdayafternoon?—Imymotherwiththehouseworkthen・A.helpedB.washelpingC・hadhelpedD.havebeenhelping31.HewhentheUFOarrived.Hedidn"twakeuntiltheUFOdisappeared.A.sleptB.wassleepingC・wasdoinghomeworkD・wassinging32.Imyhomeworkatnineo"clocklastSundaymorning.A.amdoingB・wasdoingC.do33.1wasveryangrywithJohn—hejustwhenIspoketohim.A.isrftlisteningB.hasn"tlistenedC.didn"tlistenD.wasn^tlistening34.1metagoodfriendofminewhileIonthestreet.A.walksB.walkC.waswalkingD.amwalking35.1whentheUFOlanded.A.amwatchingTVB.waswatchingTVC.havewatchedTVD.watchedTV 36.Thegirlwithtwocatsintheyardwhentheearthquakehappened.A.wasplayingB.isplayingC.areplayingD・wereplaying初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷(三)【考点5】现在完成时的用法考査概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently,lately,since...for...,inthepastfewyears,etc.基本结构：have/has+done(即动词的过去分词)否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑问句：have或has。现在完成时主要有以下用法：1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasbom.2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddiehaseatenmyfood.(EddieatethefoodandnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)但是如果单纯谈一,个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时常见的时间状语有:(l)for+一段时间；(2)since+过去的某个时间点或从句(3)sofar,yet,recently,over/inthelast/past+一段时间;(once,twice,)three...times,never,ever,uptonow,thesedays，before,例女口:Ihavenrtseenhimthesedays./Haveyoueverseeneachotherbefore?1・英语动词根据词义可分为两种:一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也町称为非延续性动词，瞬间动词，或点动词)，如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句中.eg.FvcleftShanghaiforthreedays.(x)I"vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.(V)・IleftShanghaithreedaysago.(7)Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai/7)2•初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续吋，可用以下方法：⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.(2).若保留for+时间段,since+吋间点/从句，或用在howlong句型中侧需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词，现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词(终止性动词)到延续性动词的转换:come/go/arrive/get/reach/movebein/atopenbeopencomeback—>bebackdiebedeadclose——beclosedbecome…beborrow一-keepbegin/startbeonputon-…wearleavebeaway(from)buyhavefallasleep-…beasleepgetup—beupend/finishbeovercatchacoldhaveacoldgoout—beoutjointhearmy——beinthearmy/beasoldierjointheParty——beintheParty/beaPartymember如:—>Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.—>Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.Hisgrandmahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他祖母去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。3•现在完成时中beento,goneto和beenin/at的区别beento去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示日前人在这里) goneto去某地了，说话时某人已离旷此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地，eg.ShehasgonetoShanghaio(表示现在她人不在这里)beenin/at逗留在某地（已经一段时间）•常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等连用.eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.1.现在完成时和一般逑去时的区别一、现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等连用。二、一般过去吋表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.5・结构Itis/hasbeen+—段时间+since从句•自从某事发生己有一段时间了.eg.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.注意:1.since引导的从句中动词用过去时2.when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear（term,month...）,etc.基本结构：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就己经发生的动作或悄况。例如：HepburnhadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsupersta匚【中考链接】1.-DidyouseeMi*.Chenyesterdayafternoon?-No.WhenIgottoschool,healready.（2006年扬州）A.leftB.hasleftC.wasleavingD.hadleft简析：Do到达学校为过去的动作，在这个行为发生Z前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。现在完成时和过去完成时强化训练题1・一Dad,Ithestationforminutes,butnobodycametomeetme.—Don"tworry.I"11gotomeetyousoon.A.arrivedatB・havebeenatC.willreach2.一youeverBeijing?—Never.ButIamgoingtherethisvacation.A.Do.・・gotoB・Have•…beentoC.Have...gonetoD.Will...goto3."Where"syourbrother,Jane?n―"He"snotinGuiyangtheseclays・HeBeijing.1A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC・hadbeento4.Myauntisawrite匚Shemorethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB・wroteC・haswrittenD.willwrite5.Echoforhalfamonth.She"llcomehackintwomonths.A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway6.TheSmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they_thereforthreeyearssincethen.A.liveB.livedC.havelivedD.willlive7.—HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?—Yes,・A.IwasB.IdoC.IamD.Ihave 8.1myhomework,IguessIcantjoinyou.A.don"tfinishB.didntfinishC・haven*tfinishedD.won!finish9.—Excuseme,whereisMr.Brown"soffice?—Sorry,Idon"tknow・Ihereforonlyafewdays.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork10.—Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?—No,Itothebankalready.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen11.・—Oh,youarehere.Fmlookingforyouallthemorning.?——Tothelibrary・A.WherehaveyougoneB.WherewillyougoC・WhereareyougoingD.Wherehaveyoubeen?12.Sofarthisyear,manynewhousesinWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt13.MygrandmotheralotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere・A.seesB.canseeC・willseeD・hasseen14.ImanynewfriendssinceIcamehere.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD・havemade15.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome16.Shethisbookfornearlythreeweeks.A.hasborrowedE.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept17.TheyEnglandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenon18.SomestudentsinShanghaie-bagsforseveralmonths・A.haveB.havehadC.hadD.willhave19.MybrotherandIinYinchuansince1997.A.hadlivedB.havelivedC.liveD.willlive20.Mypenpalsaidhewouldwritetome,butIanylettersfromhimsofa匚A.won5treceiveB.haven^treceivedC.hadn"treceivedD.didn"treceive21・Ourcountrythesixthpopulationcensus（人口普查）already・A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes22.Thomasthearmyfortwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch・A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC・hasbeenin23.—HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?—Iknowtheplaceverywell.ISydneymanytimes・A.havebeeninB・havebeentoC.havegonetoD.haveamvedin24・Howcleanthebedroomis!Yes,Iamsurethatsomeonei匸A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned25.1myhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom26・—WillyoupleasegotoseethemovieGuanyinshanwithme?—No,Iworft・Ialready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee27.——Hi,guys・Whereareyouheadingnow? —Home.Weallourmoney,sowehavetowalkhomenow.A.spendB.spentC・havespentD.arespending27.—youthemovieGongfuPandaII?——Notyet.FllseeitthisSunday・AeDid,seeB.Do,seeC・Have,seen28.BritishPrinceWilliam(威廉王子)andKatefornearlytwomonths.A・marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD・havegotmarried29.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However.heyet.A・didn"tarnveB.doesn"tarriveC.isn"tarrivingD.hasntarrived31・GreatchangesinTongreninthepastfiveyears・A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC・havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace32.Youaretoolate・Thefilmsincehalfanhourago.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC・began33.——Whywon"tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?——BecauseIittwice.A.seeB.haveseenC・sawD.willsee34.—AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?—No,theytoShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved35.Mr.Fanthiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.A・bought,hashadE・bought，hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had36.M匚Whitecametoourschoolin2008,andsincethenheusEnglish・A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach37.—Chinadevelopssofast.—Thai"strue.Italotalready・A.changesB・changedC.willchangeD・haschanged38.LemmonhereforalmosttenyearsandhehasmanyChinesefriends.A.hasbeenB.leftC.hascomeD.came39.Ourschoolishavingasportsmeeting.Someoneherealready.A.arrivedB.havearnvedC.hasarrived40..Youthebookfortwoweeks,andyou"dbetterreturnittothelibrarynow.A.buyB.haveboughtC.havekeptD.hashad41.Themeeting_bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.A.wasonB・hasbeenonC・hadbegunD.hasbegun42.Bytheendoflastmonth,1alltheCDsofJustinBieber.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected43.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviefortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD・hasbeenon44.Theoldscientistwasawardedagoldmedalforwhathe(do)forthedevelopmentofmodernsciencesincethemid-twentiethcentury.A.doneB・haddoneC・havedoneD・did45.Thepolicemansaidthathe(see)aYoungPioneerhelpanoldwomancrosstheroadthedaybefore・A.hadseenB.haveseenC.sawD・see46.—DidyoumeetTomattheairport?—No,hebythetimeIthere.A.hasleft；gotB・hadleft；arrivedC位于宾语从句中例句：Ididn"tknowifshewouldcome.二、在间接引语句中例句:HetoldmethathewouldgoonatriptoBeijingthenextday.过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态•是在某一过去时之后发生的动作.我们可以理解为它是"立足于过去，着眼于未来"的一种时态•E.g.LiMingsaidthatyouwouldbehappyifyouheardfromme・过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作.E.g.EveryeveningMr.Wangwouldgoandtalkwithhisstudents.过去将来时常用在宾语从句中.主句为过去时，从句表示将要发生的事情.E.g.Ididn"tknowifshewou1dcome.它也常用于间接弓I语中.E.g.HetoldmethathewouldgoonatriptoBeijingthenextday.重点讲解：1•“过去将来时”用于在过去某时间用英语说话时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其谓语动词构成形H弋是：would/should+v.,be(was,were)+goingto+v.,could+v.2.would/should用于问句,表示委婉、客气的说法。Wouldlike/lovetov.表示“意愿”如：Wouldyouliketogowithme?Yes,I"dloveto•3.条件、时间从句用“一般过去时”，主句用“过去将来时”。4.某些非延续性的动词常用进行吋表示“将来”。如：表示位置移动词come/go/leave/start5.beforelong=soon将来时间"不久”主要有以下几类：1、begoingtodo…表示计划，打算做某事，例如：I"mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsnextFridayevening.也可以表示根据H前情况很可能 要发生的事。例如：It"scloudy.It"sgoingtorain.2、一卑现在时，可以用來表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未來时间的状语。例如：Mycousinfinishesschoolnextyear.3^现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如：Areyougoingtothewetlandsphotoshownextweek?4、--般将来吋，will/shalldo..,在第一人称1/We的句子中，可以用shall引导；各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。注意：1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，而主句要用一般将来时。例如：IwillgoshoppingwhenIamfree.2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将來时。例如：・・Tomisillinhospital.-Oh,I"msorrytohearthat.Iwillgoandseehim.3、将来时态常见的时间状语有：常见的时间状语：nextTuesday,nextweek,thecomingSunday,thisafternoon,tomorrow,tonight等。几种常见吋态的相互转换：英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时屮，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于”一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于”ltis+—段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以來有......时间”的意思，主句一般用itis來代替Ithasbeen;④瞬间动词用^"Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时"的句型中。请看：A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示”处于某种状态"，如atwork（在工作），atschool（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行吋态转换。请看：Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态屮go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如1：Iamcoming,Mum!意为"我就来，妈妈！”请看：Thetrainisleavingsoon.Thetrainwillleavesoon.四、"begoingto+动词原形”与”will（shall）+动词原形”结构的转换"begoinglo+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时"will（shall）+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称吋，常用助动词shalL在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.【屮考链接】1.-"Annisinhospital."—"Yes,Iknow.1hertomorrow/"（2007年盐城）A.visitB.usedtovisitC.willvisitD.amgoingtovisit简析：Do从Yes,Iknow.可知对方事先己知道Ann生病的消息，己有了去看望她的计划和打算。begoingtodo表示计划打算做某事。2.Mr.SmithatalkoncountrymusicnextMonday.（2007年北京） A.giveB.gaveC.hasgivenD.willgive简析：DonextMonday为一般将来时的时间状语。1.-You"veleftthelighton.・・Oh,sorry.andturnitoff.（2006年泰州）A.FvegoneB.Pl1goC.IwentD.I"mgoing简析：Bo经人提醒才知道，应为临时决定要去做某事，用一般将来时。2.一Joan,youarelate!—Sorry,Inexttime.（2006年浙江）A.don"tB.wontC.amnotD.haven"t简析：Bonexttime是将來的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了，所以应用一般将來时一般将来时和过去将来时强化训练题1.Mysisterwantsanewdress.Sheittotheparty,A・wearsE・haswornC・woreD.isgoingtowear2.—Idon"tknowifAuntLithese"stay-homechildren^tomorrowmorning.—IfIher,Iwouldcomeearlie匚A.willcometotakecareof;amB・cometolookafter;wereC・willcometotakecareof;wereD.comestocomeupwith;am3.一Idon"tknowifMr.Litothepartythisevening・—1thinkhewillcomeifhefree・A.willcome;isB.willcome;willbeC.comes;isD・comes;willbe4.ChenGuangbiaosaysheallhismoneytocharitieswhenhedies.A.leavesB.leftC.willleaveD.wouldleave5.一Mom,whencanIgoouttoplayfootball?一Finishyourhomeworkfirst,orIletyougoout.A.don"tB.didn"tC.wontD.haven"t6.Ifthereisanychangetotheplan,Iyouassoonaspossible・A.toldB.havetoldC.tellD.willtell7・一Lookatthenoisykids!一Haven^tyouheardthesaying"Whenthecatisaway,themiceA・playB.playedC・areplayingD.willplay1.WearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek・A.moveB.movedC・willmoveD.havemoved2.CanItakeLisatotheaquariumtomorrow?Ifshethere,sheagoodtime・A.goes;hasB.willgo;hasC・willgo;willhaveD・goes;willhave3.Putyourhandsbehindyourback・Don"tspeak.We"llintenminutes・A.backB.bebackC.arebackD.arebacktoyou11・IfitthisSaturday,weforapicnic・A.won"rain;shallgoB.doesn"train;willgoC.isn"train;goD.doesn"train;go12-Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasnlarrivedyel.・Well,hesaidhehereontime.AcameBwouldcomeCcanbeDwillbe13LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.Aas;comeBwas;wouldcomeCwouldbe;cameDwillbe;come14JennysaidsheherholidayinChina.AspentBwouldspentCwasgoingtospentDwouldspend15.HisfatherhasgonetoShanghai.Hesaidthatheinaweek.A.hadbeenbackB・wouldbebackC.wasgoingbackD・willbeback16.A:Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?B:HetoldmethathetheDisneyWorldthenextday. A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC・isgoingtovisitD・wouldvisit 15.Hetoldmeheseemeagainbeforelong.A.willcometoB.isgoingtocomeC.wouldcometoD・comesto16.Hesaidthatheintwodays.A.wouldcomebackB・willcomebackC・comesbackD・cameback训练二1.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe2.Charlieherenextmonth.A.isn"tworkingB.doesn，tworkingC・isn"tgoingtoworkingD・won，twork3.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe4.Thereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC・willhaveD・isgoingtobe5.Mothermeanicepresentonmynextbirthday・A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give6.-ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?-・（不，不要。）A.No,youwon"t.B.No,youaren"t.C・No,pleasedon"LD.No,please・7.-ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon?-（好的）.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.C.No,please・D.No,youwon，t.8.-Whereisthemorningpaper?-Iifforyouatonce・A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget9.aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareD.wouldhaveD.wrote10.Iftheycome,weameeting・A.haveB.willhaveC.had11・Hetousassoonashegetsthere.A.writesB・haswrittenC.willwriteD・isgoingtocomingbackD.doesn，tfine12.Heinthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC・willcomeback13.Ifiltomorrow,we"11goroller-skating.A.isn，trainB.won"trainC.doesn，train14.-WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?-No,（不去）•A.theywilin"t.B.theywonft.C・theyaren"t.D.theydon"t.15.Tomorrowheakiteintheopenairfirst,andthenboatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC・isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo16.Thedayaftertomorrowtheyavolleyballmatch・A・willwatchingB.watchesC・iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch17.youfreenextSunday?A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be18.Hethereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be19.yourbrotheramagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrowB・Is;goingtoborrowC・Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows20.Theteacherstoldmethattheymetosmoothawaythedifficulties.A.helpedB.willhelpC.helpD.weregoingtohelp21・Iheardthatsheapplesifshewasfree.A.waspickingB・willpickC・wasgoingpickD・wasgoingtopick22.Heaskedwhatyouwhenyougrewup・A.wereB.willbeC.weregoingtobeD.hadbeen23.A:Alice,whydidn"tyoucomehereyesterday? B:I,butmysonsuddenlyfellillandIhadtotakehimtothehospital.A.hadB.didC.wasgoingtoD.didn"t22.A:Tomonowismybirthday・Canyoucometomybirthdayparty?B:OK!I.A.wouldloveB.willloveC・wouldlovetoD・amsorry25•A:Whatdidthescientistsay?B:HesaidthathewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponedayA.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly26•Wedidn"tknowtovisitourschool.A.whendidhecomeB.whenwouldhecomeC・whenhewascomingD.whenhecame初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷（一）初中英语宾语从句讲解及练习宾语从句常见考点分析宾语从句是一种名词性从句。在复合句屮作及物动词、介词或者形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。中考题经常从宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态以及直接引语变间接引语等方面进行考查。一宾语从句的引导词（一）语法链接1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变来时，引导词要用山at,that无意义，在非正式文体中常省略。女小Hesays（that）hewillgoskatingtomorrow.他说明天他要去滑冰。2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，引导词要用if/whether"是否”。如：Lindaaskedmeif/whetherIhadagreattimeyesterday.琳达问我昨天过得是否愉快。3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变来时，要用原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作引导词。常见的特殊疑问词有：连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how如］:Idon"tknowwhenwe"llleave.我不知道我们什么时候离开。4.宾语从句在介词之后，或者与ornot连用时，通常用whether不用if。如：They"retalkingaboutwhethertheywilljointheclub.他们止在讨论是否要加入这个俱乐部。Heaskedtheteacherwhethersheshoulddotothemuseumbybikeornot.她问老师是否要骑自行车去博物馆。（二）中考题例析HeaskedmewecouldgotoBeijingtowatchthegamebyplane.（2008|陕西）A.thatB.ifC.howD.what此题专门考查了宾语从句的引导词的使用，根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气所以排除选项A；宾语从句中没有缺少与how和when相对应的句子成分，从而排除选项C和D,故本题应选B。二宾语从句的语序（一）语法链接宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它或者是引导词（作宾语从句 的主语）+谓语+其它。如：Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback?我想知道他什么时候回来？Doyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer?你知道谁发明的电脑吗？（二）中考题例析—Doyouknow?—Sorry,Idon"tknow.（2008湖北武汉）A.wheredoesJimmyworkB.whereJimmyworksC.howdoesJimmygotoworkD.whatdoesJimmydo宾语从句用的是陈述句语序，而选项A、C、D用的是疑问句语序而不是陈述句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。三宾语从句的时态（一）相关语法链接1.当主句是一般现在时时，后面的宾语从句应根据实际使用任何合适的时态。如：IknowtheyhadagreattimelastSunday.我知道他们上周过得很愉快。Ihopetheywillhaveagreattimenextweek.我希望他们下周过得愉快。2.当主句是一般过去时时，后面的宾语从句要用过去的某一时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）如：Hesaidhehadlefthisbackpackathome.他说他把书包忘在家里了。HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyea匸Theteachertoldhischildrenthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.老0帀告诉他的学生月亮围着地球转。（二）屮考题例析一DoyouknowforShanghailastnight?—At9:00.（2008北京）A.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedoesheleaveC.whattimeheleftD.whattimedidheleave根据宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句语序,可以排除选项B和D,从时间状语lastnight可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，所以排除选项A,故本题的正确答案是C。四宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语（一）相关语法链接直接引语变间接引语总体上属于宾语从句的范畴，直接引语是引用别人的原话，间接引语是转述别人的话，直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的变化规则基本一致，除了应该注意宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序三大方面外，还要特别注意人称、时间、地点等的变化。如：1."Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?"Mr.WangaskedBill.（改为间接宾语）Mr.WangaskedBillwhatsubjecthelikedbest.（直接宾语的人称代词you在间接宾语屮变为he）2.Hesaidtome,"I"mgoingtoplaytennistomorrow.^^（改为间接宾语）Hetoldmethathewasgoingtoplaytennisthenextday.（直接宾语的人称代词I在间接宾语屮变为he,时间状语由原来的tomorrow变为thenextday）（二）中考题例析 A:Hesaid,"AreyouinterestedinEnglish?^^（改为同义句）B:HeaskedmeIinterestedinEnglish.（2008湖北孝感） 本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语，即把A句的直接引语变为B句的间接引语，它与宾语从句的变化基本相同，第一个空应为引导词if或whether,B句的主句是一般过去时，间接宾语（宾语从句）的主语与主句相适应变为I,所以第二个空应填was。五中考题闯关1.—Ithinkit"sgoingtobeaproblem・—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit.（2008湖北十堰）A.whatB.howC.讦D.that2.—Canyoutellme?（2008天津）一Yesterday.A.whendidhebuythecarB.wheredidhebuythecarC・whenheboughtthecarD・whereheboughtthecar3.—MayIcomein?I"msorryIamlate.—omein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme?（2008河南）A.whyyouarelateagainB・whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.一Whatdidthewomanaskjustnow?一Sheasked.（2008河北涿鹿）A.whowasIwaitingforB.whereIliveC・howshecangettothepostofficeD.whethershecouldhelptofindthepostoffice5.“ArcyougoingtowatchthefootballmatchnextSunday?nFatheraskedme・（改为复合句）FatheraskedmegoingtowatchthefootballmatchthenextSunday.中考题集：1.…WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork?——Pardon?…Iasked.A・whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYorkB.whentheShutesareleavingforNewYorkC・whenweretheShutesleavingforNewYorkD.whentheShuteswereleavingforNewYork2.Couldyoutellme?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellhim.B.whereLiHongisD.whereLiHonghasbeentoB・whenisThanksgivingD.whattimewillthedolphinshowstartB・what"shisnameD.whathisnameisB.howmanybooksIwanttohaveD・whatwaswrongwithmeA.whereisLiHongC・wherewasLiHong3.…Couldyoutellme?A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalC.whichanimaldoeshelikebest4.1wanttoknow.A.whatishisnameC.thathisnameis1.Heaskedme・A.ifshewillcomeC・theywouldhelpusdoit2.Doyoustillrememberatthemeeting? 1.■一Excuseme,tothenearestbookshop,please?■一Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayisC.whereisthewayD.whichistheway2.Mike,goandseewhofootballontheplayground.A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.wereplaying3.Thewomanstilldoesrftknowwhatinherhometownwhileshewasaway.A.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappened4.■—CanIhelpyou?-一Yes.FdlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11・™Ihearwe"llhaveanewteacherthisterm・―Really?Doyouknow?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB・whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteachesD.whatsubjectishegoingtoteach12.Heaskedhisteacher.A.iftherewasamonsterinLochNessB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.howwouldthescientistsfindouttheresultD・wherecouldhefindthelibrary13.Doyouknowoverthere?A.whathappensB・whatwashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatdidhappen14.―Doyouknowwewillarriveatyourhometown?■一Thisafternoon.A.whenB.whyC.ifD.whereB・howwillyougoD.howhaveyougone15.CouldyoutellmetoMountPutuotomorrow?A.howyouwillgoC.howyouhavegone16.Couldyoutellme?A.whichroomhelivesB.whichroomhelivedC・whichroomdidheliveinD.whichroomhelivesin17.―Doyouknowheis?—Hesays"1.75metres^,butFmnotsure.A.howmanyB.howold18.ShesaidshemefivelettersinoneA.haswrittenB.willwrite19.Canyoutellmesheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whose20.1don"knowhestillliveshere.A.whereB.what21.Fdliketoknow■C.howfarD.howtallmonth.C・hadwrittenD.wroteC・whomD.whichC.whenD.whetherA.whenwillhegivebackthetapeC.thathehasbeenbusyB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening22.Shewantedtoknowhermotherlikedthepresent.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.what 23.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeC.hewillcome,comes24.Lilylikes.A.whathertwinsisterlikeC.whatishertwinsisterlike25.Doyouknowwhattime?A.doesthetrainleaveC.thetrainleaveB.willhecome,comesD.willhecome,willcomeB.whathertwinsisterdoesD.whatdoeshertwinsisterdoB.1eavesthetrainD・thetrainleaves26.-一Idon"tknowMr.Greenwillcometoseeus?D・where—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.how（宾语从句系列）直接引语改为间接引语知识讲解间接引语的实质就是宾语从句：直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用口己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语时应注意以下“四要素”。一.连词的选择1.直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that连接（that可以省略）。Hesays,“Iwillhaveatry."—Hesays（that）hewillhaveatry.2.直接引语为一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语用if/whether连接。Heaskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyouwork?"—>Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmywork.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语rtl原句中的特殊疑问词连接。注意：此时的间接引语己变成rti特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，故从句应用陈述语序。Sueaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive?"—>SueaskedmewhereIlived.4.直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语则变成一个不定式短语（否定式则在其前加not）,同时根据语气选用适当的谓语动词，如：ask,tell,order等。Hesaidtome,“Passmetheruler,please."->Heaskedme（not）topasshimtheruler.5.直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语rtl原句屮的what/how连接，语序不变。Johnsaid,"Whatabeautifuldayitis!"->Johnsaidwhatabeautifuldayitwas.二.时态的变化当引述动词（即引起间接引语的动词）为过去时态时，间接引语的时态一般往前推一步。时态变化和举例如下： 一般现在时T■一般过去时现在进行时T过去进行时一般将来时-过去将来时过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时->过去完成时LiLeisaid,"I"msureaboutit."—>LiLeisaidthathewassureaboutit.Helensaid,MPvefinishedwritingthereport.^^->Helensaidthatshehadfinishedwritingthereport.注意：1、表示不变的真理和事实或引语川有时间状语时，间接引语屮的动词时态不变。Mr.Brownsaidtous,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun."->Mr.browntoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.TheSmithssaid,“Wecamein1998.^^—>TheSmithssaidthattheycamein1998.2、如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask[tell,order]sbtodosth这一结构进行转换。3、如直接引语为否定的祈使句时,在变为间接引语时,可使用ask[tell,order]sbnottodosth这一结构进行转换。4、如直接引语川的谓语动词含有情态动词must,变为间接引语时用hadto5、直接引语中的saidtosb在变为间接引语时应改为toldsb；6、直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。7、当直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked,用讦或whether作引导词8、如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用疑问词引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序三.指示代词、时间/地点状语和方向动词的变化直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语now—►thenlastweek—>theweekbeforetoday—thatdaynextweek—thenextweekyesterday—thedaybeforehere—theretomorrow—thenextdaythis->thatago—beforethese—thosethisweek—>thatweekcome->goSamsaidtome,"Cometomyhousetomorrow.^^->Samaskedmetogotohishousethenextday.Readsaidtome,“WevisitedtheGreatWalllastweek."—>ReadtoldmethattheyhadvisitedtheGreatWalltheweekbefore.四.语态的变化 直接引语改为间接引语，时态须作相应变化，但语态不变。Theshopkeepersaid,“Thisbookhasbeensoldout：—>Theshopkeepersaid(that)thatbookhadbeensoldout.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1・“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.2・“I，vefoundmywallet”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.1.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.2.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.3.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemethertheday.4.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.5.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years・&“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.9.Hesaid,"Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthere10.Heasked,"Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermotherfoundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.14.“Don，ttellhimthenews-”shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.15.uAreyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.HeIwasinterestdin. 直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（2）1•Hesaid:"I"veleftmybookinmyroom?"2.Shesaid:"Hewillbebusy.^,3.ShesaidtoTom,"Canyouhelpmc?^^4.Sheasked,"Isthisbookyoursorhis?"5・Theteacherasked,"howdidyourepairit?^1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,"Don"wasteyourtime：2.Themothersaid,"Tom,getupearly,please：3.Theteachersaid,"Theearthgoesroundthesun/94.Myfathersaid,"Practicemakesperfect?"5.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday：6.Hesaid,“Wearcstillstudents/7.Hesaidtome,"Iwasbomin197&13-Theengineersaid,"Iwasatcollegein1967114.Hesaid,ThavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy•”15.Shesaid,"IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16.Mr.Greensaidtothem,"Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedfdrajob；17.Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18.Isaidtohim,Thavefinishedit】19."Wheredocsyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?"theyoungmanasked. 14."Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.21•"Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"Maryaskedme.22."Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?^theoldmanaskedmybrother.初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷（二）初中英语定语从句讲解及练习透析中考英语语法定语从句考点1.定语从句的功用和结构2.关系代词和关系副词的功用3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。【考点诠释】一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句1.通常只能用that的情况1）当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,none,some（something除夕卜）,anything,nothing,everything等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被al1,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词thatc4）.先行词是theone吋，只能用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的。5）.在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用（hat。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？【考例】Withoutfriendship,onecan"tbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays—Ispentwithmydearestfriend.［哈尔滨市］A.thatB.whenC.who嗒案］Ac［解析］在定语从句中，引导词who（指人）which（指物）lhal（指人或物）。由先行词（hedays作spent的宾语可判定用that引导。注：当thedays不需要在后面从句充当成分，仅仅表示时间的时候，用when.如Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenistayedatyourhouse.2.通常只用which的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。 (1)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用thato(2).先行词指物时，在介词后只用which,不能用thatoThisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。(3).先行词本身是that时,只能用which,不能用thatoTheclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的。China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.【考例】Manyyoungpeoplelovethesongshavegreatlyrics.［成都市］A.whoB.thoseC.which［答案］C。［解析］考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有which,who,where,that,故排除B,who指人，又排除了A,先行词是物，故选C。二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句⑴如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(扌旨人)等作先行词，作主语用who,作宾语用whom。Who。而不用which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用反〒畐构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroom山cdoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?【考例Themangaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.［广东省］A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom［答案］Ac［解析］本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为theman,指人，排除which；连接代词在从句中作主语，排除whose和whom。故本题选who。—Doyouknowtheman_isrunningalongthestreet?—Yes.HeisourEnglishteache匚|■长沙市］A.whoB.whichC.whom［答案］A。［解析］考查定语从句。限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系who,有吋用that(作主语时用who较多)。三、考查关系副词wherexwhen与why引导的定语从句(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句屮作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。注：关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于”介词+which"结构，因此常常和”介词+which"结构交替使用其中vvhere=in/at+which；when=on/at/during+which；vvhy=for+which。(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.(3)Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。(4)Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理rh吗？【考例】(2009•绵阳中考)Disneyisanamusementparkyoucanfindal1thenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters・ A・whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案：B点拨：此题考查定语从句。先行词为anamusementpark指地点，故关系词用whereo四、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom”，且两个关系代词均不能省略注意：1•含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不"J用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/【hatyoutalkedwithismyfriend・(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad・(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,moslofwhomarefrombigcities.五、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有许多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecarisMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysiste匚二Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysiste匚在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【语法过关】1.—Doyoulikethepopsinger?—No,Ipreferthesingercansingfolkmusic.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.how2.Doyouknowtheyoungladyyourmotheristalking?A.withwhomB.whomC.whoD.which3•TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.who4.Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle・A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose5.Fmlookingatthephotographyousentmewithyourletter.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.it6・Ihatepeopledon，thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble・A.whoB.whichC.they1.—Barbara,wheredoyouwork?-Iworkforacompanysellscars.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who2.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfirebum?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.1haveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.A.neitherofwhichB.noneofthemC・neitherofthemD・noneofwhich10.1likethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek・ A.that练（一）B.whoC.whichD./1.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace・A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman?A.IspoketoB・towhospokeC・whomIspokeD・thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotellastmonth・A.wheretheystayedB.atthattheystayedC・wheretheystayedatD・whichtheystayed4.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whenB.thatC.whichD.onwhich5.ThatisthedayFllneverforget.7.Thisisoneofthebestfilms・A.thathavebeenshownthisyearC・thathasbeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownD.thatyoutalked6.GreatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryA.whereB.thatC.whichD.thereweareworking.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when1.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB・whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked2.Thepenheiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich3.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that11.Theengineermyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.withwhomB.onwhomC・withwhichD・towhom12.ltthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?A.whoseB.who"sC・whichD.who1.Pminterestedinyouhavesaid.A.allthatB.汕whatC.thatD.which14.1wanttousethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday.A.asB.whoC.whatD.which15.Heisn"tsuchamanheusedtobe.A・asB.whomC.thatD・who16.HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.A.asB.thatC.whomD.what17.LiMing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.withwhomIwentB.IwentwithC・withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim18.1don"tlikeasyouread・A・suchnovelsB.thesuchnovelsC・thenovelsD.samenovels15.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.what16.Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing・A.whoB.thatC・whomD.which21.YoifretheonlypersonEveevermetcoulddoit.A.who;/・/;whoC.whom;/D./;whom22.1lostabook,Icantremembernow.A.itstitleB.whosetitleC・lhetitleofitD.thetitleofthat22.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld・ A.forthatB.forwhichC.inwhichD.what24.1canneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.A.which;whenB.when;whichC.what;thatD.onwhich;when 22.Thisisthereasonhedidn"tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.thatD.withwhich23.Thismachine,formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly・A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter24.Thereasonhedidn"tcomewashewasill.A.that;whyB.why;thatC.forthat;that28.1havetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.bothofwhichC.bothofthatD.eitherofwhich29.ThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph・A.thatB.fromwhichC.fromthat30.-一Didyouasktheguardhappened?—Yes,hetoldmeallheknew・D.forwhich;whatD.whichD.that;thatA.what;whatB・what;thatC・which;which 初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷(三)初中英语状语从句及练习用来修饰主句屮的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等从属连词来引导。例女口：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday・Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang・Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily・HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：PHringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback・Hewon"believeituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes・(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……",“在……以前不……"，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.LeTswaituntiltherainstops.Wewon"tstartuntilBobcomes.Don"tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句⑴条件状语从句通常由从属连词if,unless引导。另外有as/solongas意为“只要”另一个意思是“与…一样长(久)”该意思在否定句屮，也可说成(not)solongas:only讦其意为“只有在条件下”。它的语气比as/solongas要强一点注意区别onlyif与ifonly讦only常作为“要是......就好了或但愿.「之意，此时多与虚拟语气连用。女口：IwillcomeonlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMary・只要你答应不请玛丽，我就來。Ifonlyitclearsup,weUlgo.只要天晴，我们就去。IfonlyIhadn^ttoldhimaboutit.要是我没有告诉他这事就好了。Lilstayaslongasyouneedme.例女U:Whatshallwedo讦itsnowstomorrow?Don"leavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将來的动作或状态。例如：F11helpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon"tbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)4-陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou"llbelate・=Ifyoudon^thurryup,youTlbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam・Unlessyouworkhard,you"llneverpassthefinalexam.3.原因联语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由从属连词because,since,as引导。例如：30 Hedidn"tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan"tanswerthequestion,Fllasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseoAs和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：Whyaren^tgoingthere?BecauseIdon^twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan"tgetthereeasily・Sincewehavenomoney,wecan5tbuyit.注意:(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。1.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由从属连词so...that,such...that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan"tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldrftseeit.(2)so...that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。例如:Hewassogladthathecouldn"tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people・Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseehe匚在由such...that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything・Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.⑶如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyatelipallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan"gotothecinemawithyou.2.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由从属连词as...as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如:TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.3.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由从属连词sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句) Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)1.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常［tl从属连词although,though,evenif等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking・Evenifshedoesn^tcomeonSunday,Fllgofishingbymyself.注意:(2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentoul•或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.&地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where來引导。例如：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)Youwillstayhealthyyoudomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从句应是一个条件状语从句2■一Shallwegoonworking?—Yes,Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though答案：Do该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。只有选though才能说得通。1.Noneofusknewwhathadhappenedtheytoldusaboutit.A・whenB.untilC.afterD.though答案：Bo该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not...until”这一句型。4…Ihopeyou"llenjoyyourtrip,dear!―Thankyou,mum・I"llgiveyouacallIgetthere.A・untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。【中考演练】一.单项填空1・he"sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag・A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.…Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?-一Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A.willcome;isB・comes;willbeC.comes;isD・willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan"tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeuphim.A.falls;tohelpB.willfall;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.1dorTlrememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung・A.whereB.whichC.whatD.who2.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC・willcomeD.iscoming3.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetrafficlightsturnedgreen・A.notto;untilB・don^t;whenC.not;beforeD・not;after7.1waslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.becauseB・thatC.untilD・when&IT1goswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.A.amB.shallbeC.willbeD.was1.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.A.morecareful;fewerB・morecareful;fewest C.careful;littleD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessonsyougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.1hurriedIwouldn"tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,you"dbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestions・A.whichB.whereC.thatD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC・becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoathefelthot.A.asB.becauseC.ifD.since15.Itisthatwe5dliketogooutforawalk・A.alovelydayB.solovelyadayC.toolovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday16.Maryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedalherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17.Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.AsD.As讦18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.AsC.WhileD.Since19.wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB・NomatterhowC.InorderthatD.Themoment20.WritetomeassoonasyoutoBeijing・A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,jokesheplaysonme.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。MrsBrucewaskindtoherstudentstheyhertheirmother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformancewetryourbest.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？WillyoupleasecallmeyougettoShanghai.5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepianoshehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.7.他长大后想当一名记者。Hewantstobeajournalist.8.无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。windyorrainy,ourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.9.如果人人为保护环境做岀贡献，世界将会变得更美好。toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.10.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidn"tcometoschool. 动词的语态知识讲解动词的语态…表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者一、被动语态结构：1•行为动词的被动语态：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词.be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.—般现在吋am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词一般过去吋was/were+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时will+be+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词2•情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词否定式:是在助动词be或情态动词后加not构成疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前，句尾加问号构成.用法•不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.eg.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.IsEnglishtaughtinyourschool?2.强调或突111动作的承受者，此时如想同时指出动作的执行者，可用“by+动作执行者（宾格）来表示.eg.Thereddresswasmadebyhermothe匚Thelettermustbewrittenbyme.注意点：1•只有及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态.2•某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词，带有宾语时，则有了动作的承受者，这时应把它们看作一个整体，变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词，常用的有lookafter,takecareof,cutdown,laughat,talkabout,turnon等eg.Catherinealwaystakescareofthelittlegirl.—>ThclittlegirlisalwaystakencareofbyCarherine.3•有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不要再加by短语，常用的有becoveredwithbesurprisedatbeinterestedinbevvoniedaboutbemadeofVfrombeknownto4•某些动词形式是主滋语态，但含有被动的意思.eg.Thisdictionarysellswell.Thiskindofcardrivesfast.Thewoolensweatercosts$88.5•主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系主动句：主语+谓语+宾语（动作执行者）（动作承受者）被动句：主语+谓语动词的被动形式+by+动作执行者（动作承受者）1）主动句如何变为被动句a.找到动作的承受者（常为主动句的宾语）作被动句的主语.b.找到谓语变为be+过去分词的结构.c.找到动作的执行者（常为主动句的主语）作by的宾语.若不必指出动作的执行者，可省去by短语.d.确定be动词的时态.数.例如：Shemakesthebeautifulkites.Thebeautifulkitesaremadebyher.（被动句）2）被动句如何变为主动句.a.找到动作的执行者（常为被动句的宾语）作主动句的主语.b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形.c.找到动作的承受者（常为被动句的主语）作主动句的宾语.d.确定及物动词的时态.数（注意）在以上转换屮，代词作主语用主格，代词作宾语用宾格.6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不左式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上toHemadetheboyworkforhim.—>Thcboywasmadetoworkforhim.7.主动语态中若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语.Hisunclegavehimadictionaryyesterday.—>Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisuncleyesterday. 英语语态强化训练题一.选择题1.HongKongtobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.A.knowsB.knewC・isknownD・wasknown2.LastmonthanewlawinChinatostoppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.A.ispassedB.passesC.hadpassedD.waspassed3.AnewfactoryisbeingbuiltinNeijiang.Ihopeitattheendofthisyea匚A.willbefinishedB.finishesC.willfinish4.一anyousingthisEnglishsong?-Ofcoursejcan.Itmanytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaught5.ADisneylandPark（迪斯尼乐园）inShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.willbebuilt6.-IwanttoteachinTibetwhenIgraduatefromthecollege.—Metoo.Teachersverymuchthere.A.needB.areneedingC.areneeded7.AnothernewrailwaystationinChangshain2011・A.wasbuiltB.buildC.willbebuilt8.一Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!-YeahJtnearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt9.—Whichsportareyouinattheschoolsportsmeeting?—Nodecisionyet.IthinkitafterdiscussingwithmyPEteacher,M匚Yuan.A.willbedecidedB-willdecideC.wasdecidedD.isdecided10.——Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart・—I"msorry,butIwhentoleave・A.don"ttellB.didn"twellC.wasn"ttold11.Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.A.singB・tosingC・singingD・sings12.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsinourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild 1.Thesickboytohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC・takesD.took15•—It"sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.wasbuiltB・isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD・shouldbebuilt16.-David,turnofftheTVnooneiswatchingit.・Butitoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A.sothat,hasbeenturnedB.when,hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturnedD.because,hasturned17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfather^beautifulca匚A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD・hasbeentaken1&Don"tputofftoday"sworkfortomorrow.Imean,todayworktoday.A.maydoB・mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone19.-Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!-Yeah,itnearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD・isbuilt20.Don"tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyoutodoso.A.askB.areaskedC・willaskD.willbeasked21.-Doyouplanttreesinspring?-Yes.Manytreesinourcityeveryyear.A.areplantingB.areplantedC・wereplanted22.-What"swrongwithyouruncle,Jack?-Heisill.Adoctor•A.hastolookforB・isbeingoperatedonC.mustaskforD.hasjustbeensentfor23.・ThereisalotofwindinNorthChina.-Well,moretreeseveryyeartostopthewind.A.mustbeplantedB.canplantedC・shouldplanted24.-SomeoftheplasticbagscarTtafterJune1st.・Yes,peoplewilluseenvironmentalbagsinstead・A.useB.beuseC.beusedD・areused25-Marywasheardjustnow.Whathappened?-Johnwastellingajoke・ A.cryB.tocryC.laughD.tolaugh26.Thegrandbuildingsintwoyears.A.werebuiltB.arebuiltC.willbebuilt二、填空题1.Whathesaidwasalready(i己录)bythepolice・2.Howtoprotectourselvesshould(教)atschool.4.-Let"sgoandplaytennis.-Fdloveto.Butmytennisshoesarewout.5.Moretreesandflowersshould(plant)tomakeourhometownbeautiful.6.Theboy(take)tohospitalatonceafterhefelloffthetree・7.Wehopethatmorecharityshows(hold)toraisemoneyforProjectHope・8.Themanwasbadlyhurtintheaccidentandhe(send)tohospitalimmediately.9.1dorftthinkstudentsshouldbe(allow)togooutonschoolnights.10.Usuallythethunder(hear)afterthelighting・11.OnMay12th,200&sichuan(hit)byastrongearthquakewhichkilledmanypeopleanddistroyedmanybuildings・12.Today,toholdtheOlympicGames(consider)asarichprizeforacountry・13.Yesterday,she(make)finishalltheworkinashorttimebytheboss- 句子种类专题引言：※句子的分类。根据语气（用途）可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。根据结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。【考点直击】中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别概念：※简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。语语语语主谓宾表※并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见的连词有and,but,or,so等。ILLr*宾一、常见的五种基本句型。1.S4-V,主谓，谓语动词一般为不及物动词；①ThebusstoDDed.SVi②Tomhasarrived.2.S匸碎P,主谓（系）表，谓语动词一般为连系动词；（表语可以是名词，形容词，动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等）。★连系动词主要有：be（am,is,are）,look（看起来）,sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来）,feel（感到，摸起柬）；stay/keep（保持）；seem（好像,似乎）.tum/get/become/grow（变得）;appear（呈现）:appearred①Theskirtlooksbeautjful.=s==rp②sheisa^student.（3）Mydreamisto_be_teacher.3.S+V+DO,主谓宾，谓语动词一般为及物动词，如果是不及物动词，后面要跟介词再接宾语；①』likeEngHsh,S-V-DO②ShelikeswatchingTV.③Shewants坦戈2戲2PP」卫g・④Tomgetstoschoolat6:00am・⑤Tomoftenlaughsatme.©Jimisinakingajdte.4.S+V+DO+OC,主谓宾补，宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等.①』findEj）g!」或[easy].SVDO00Iwishyou[agoodholiday]findTom[acleverboy].②Theykeep辿£丄匚级竺[closed].③Sheaskedme[togoshopping].④Shemakesme[laugh]. ©IfindTom[acleverboy].⑦丄canhearTom[singinganEnglishsong]・ S+V+IO+DO,主谓双宾，接双宾语的动词有buy,give,show,tell,teach,offer,provide等。一般物为直接宾语(DO),人为间接宾语(IO)。(givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.)(buysb.sth・=buysth.forsb.)5.me10meapen,^D0"apen.©Shegave~V②Shebuy常簸拜列句:用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and9notonly...hutalso...^neither...nor...yaswellas等所连接的前后分句往往表示平行关系、顺接关系、对照关系、先后关系、递进关系。前辰分旬的肘态往往保技二致关系若第二个分匂是祈使句，那么第二个分匂用将来时。①Helikesplayingfootball“nd]heplayswell.他喜欢踢足球，并£L踢得很好。②Hurryup,|andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.③aswellas是英语中常用的连接词（并列连词），侧重于前项。Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。=Thechildisnotonlylivelybutalsohealthy・表示在两者之间选择一个，常用的连接词有or,otherwise,刃〃回…少•…等，前丿N分勺的时态往往保持•致关系卓二个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来吋。①Nowyoucanhavearestyoucangotothecinema,（or译为：或者）②Hurryup,应youw订1misstheearlybus.（or译为：否则）表明两个辄念彼在有矛盾、相反或者转折，常用的连接词有but,yet,still,however,while（而）等,前后分句时态一致。©Ithasnomouth,itcantalk.它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折）②Schoolisover,|yet|alltheteachersarestillworking.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折）③Hewantstobeawriter,〔while|lwanttobeascientist.他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。（前后不矛盾，只是表示转折）说明原因或理由,用连接M/br,前后分句吋态一致。Hehasmanygoodfriends,断heisanhonestman。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。(5)表示结果，用连接词so、前后分句吋态一致。Nk.Liwenttohishometown,园M匚Wangwastakinghisclassinstead・李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师代他的课。三、反意疑问句：反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问，要求对方用、尙”或来进行回答。1）构成：rh两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是疑问句，它是市be皿伙助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反Z,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分，必须保持人称和时态的_致；反意疑间句的冋答有吋会和汉语不同。陈述句部分附加问句部分注意点 肯定陈述句否定的简短一般问句当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、（“有”动词）、情态动词和助动词时，简短问句屮沿用该词；否则就使用勿/勿臂〃历况否定陈述句肯定的简短一般问句 如:①He国old,isn"the?（他老了不是吗?）②YourfatherwcnltoJapan,didn"the?（你爸爸去了日本，不是吗？）③Heisn"t]old,ishe?（他不老是吗？）④Heseldomplaysfootball,doeshe?（他很少踢足球，是吗？）★⑤Tom|hasbcen|toJapan,|hasrft|he?比卑交：Tomhaslodohousework,docsnShe?①Thereislittiewater,isthere?②KatehardlyspeaksChinese,doesshe?©Pleaseopenthedoor,willyou?★（除Lefs外的祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou）⑨Letusgoswimming,willyou?⑩Let"sgoswimming,|shallwe|?★（Lefs开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用:shallwe）（10）Everyoneishere,larerftlthey?（everyone指人）（11）Everythingisready,|isn"|it?（everything指物）（12）1don"tthinkTomhasdonethat,|hashe|?（主要看宾语从句：I/wethink/believe引导宾从时否定前移）（13）ShethinksTomhasn"tdonethat,doesn"tshe?（只要看主句）2）反意问句的回答：无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:"Yes,4-肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”女口：①Themanwentaway,didn^the?（那人走开了，不是吗？）——Yes,hedid.（是的他走了。）/No,hcdidnt（不，他没有走。）②——Tomdidn5tgothere,didhe?（Tom没去那里,是吗？）Yes,hedid.（不，他去了。）/No,hedidnt（是的他没去。）四、选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。1）构成：（1）|二般疑问句+“+第二选［莎（2、特殊疑问句+第一选项（+富二选项）+or+第三选项?2）选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体冋答，不可以用/加冋答。如：①Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?-Agirl.②Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?-Tea,please.©Whichdoyoulikebest,singing,dancingorskating?■-Dancing,ofcourse.五.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法：祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号U朗读时一般用降调。它的主语you往往不说出。▲祈使句的肯定式：|动词（原形）+箕祂如:①Pleasegivemeahand.（请帮忙）②Shutup!（住嘴！）▲祈使句的否定式：|Doit+动词原形+其他如:©Pleasedon"ttalkinlowvoices.（请不要低声讲话。）40 ②Don，tlookback!（不要掉头看。）［注意］以“let"s”引出的祈使句的否定结构，“not”应放在“let"s”后面。如:③Lefsnottroublehim.（我们不要打扰他。）肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如:④Pleasedohelpme!（iu千万帮帮我。）（do起强调作用）▲在祈使句中，Let"s和Letus是有区别的。Let"s包括听话者，而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Let"sgoskating,shallwe?（表示内部的建议）Letustryagain,willyou?（表示向别人发请求）▲please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末吋，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Openthewindow,please.▲Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。LetJackwaitaminute.Lefsgotoschool.▲否定祈使句通常以Don"t或Never开头。其结构通常是：“DorTt（Ncvcr）+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Don"tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday"sworkfortomorrow!Don"tbelatenexttime!▲注意沟使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时：②Pleasecallme|whenshecomesback.（主将从现）③Don"tbringitheretomorrow.■一OK,Iwon"t.六、感叹句：感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。l.what感叹名词。对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结旳通常是:★What+（a/an）+（形容词）+名词+陈述句结构（主谓酉"，⑴感叹可数名词单数。如：©Whatakindgirl||（sheis）!（她是多么善良的一个女孩啊！）②Whatatalltree||（itis）!（它是多高的一棵树啊！）⑵感叹可数名词复数。女口：（DWhatkindgirls||（theyare）!（她们是多么善良的女孩啊！）②Whattalltrees||（theyare）!（它们是多高的树啊！）⑶感叹不可数名词。如:①Whatdeliciousfood||（itis）!②Whatbad/goodweafher||（itis）!①Whatgood呦倦||(itis)!®Whatusefulinfonncition||(itis)!②Whatgoodadvice||(itis)! ©Whathardwork(itis)!②Whatgreatfun||(theyhad)!(havefun词组)◎特例：Whatagoodtime||(theyarchaving)!(haveagoodlime词组)★技巧：what引导的感叹句中的形容词后肯定直接有一个名词.2.hovv对形容词或副词进行感叹^★结构通常是：|How+形容词偏IJ词+陈述句结构（主谓语）|,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。（l）how感叹形容词H寸，可以与what感叹句相互转化。©Howkind||thegirlis!（那个女孩多么善良啊！）②Howtall||thetreeis!（那棵树多高啊！）⑵how感叹副词时，不可以与whal感叹句相互转化。①Howcarefully||theoldmanwalks!（这老人走路真小心！）②Howbeautifully||Lilyissinging!▲有时，陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组，也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。Heissittingonatigcr?sback!（他坐在老虎的背上!）/Aniceshot!（漂亮一击！）/Goodgoal!（if球！）（3）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howheloveshisson!How1missyou!（4）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howtallatreeitis!（5）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!—>Howclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!—>Howcolditis!（七）陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn"tbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成（1）如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）Wecan"tgettheebeforedark.（否定）（2）如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则 需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don%,doesn"t或didiVto同时把该实义动词变为原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）Hedoesn"tplaytheviolinwell.（否定）Shewonthegame.（肯定）Shedidn"twinthegame.（否定）句中如果有some要变为any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.—Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.（3）除not以外,否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例女口：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.—>Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.—Ihaveneverseenthefilm.（八）一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句.反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1.一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?（2）一般疑问句的否定结构①在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n"t,则须将・rft与一般疑问句句首的be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Aren"tyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Won"tshelikeit?②与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。Aren"tyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Won"tshelikeit?Yes,shewill.No,shewon"t.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+—般疑问句计勾成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰吋，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句 不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如:Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容疑问词或句型例句回答职业，身份whatWhatisyourfather?Heisadoctor.姓名或关系whoWhoisthatboy?HeisJack.Heismybrother相貌特征what...like?Whatisshelike?Whatdoesshelooklike?Sheisbeautiful「目的what...for?Whatdidtheycomeherefor?Toattendameeting.原因whyWhydidtheycomehere?Becausetheyhaveameetingtoattend.天气howwhat...like?Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?Ifsfine.颜色whatcolor•…？Whatdolorisherskirt?It"sred.服装尺寸whatsizeWhatsizedoeshewear?Hewars40.几点钟whattimeWhattimeisit?It"s7:30.星期儿whatdayWhatdayistoday?It"sTuesday.几号，日期whatisthedate…？Whatisthedatetoday?It"sMay2.年龄（多大）howoldHowoldishe?Heis38.持续多长时间（多久）howlongHowlonghaveyoubeenhere?Forfivemonths.长度（多长）howlongHowlongisthebridge?It"s500metres.距离（多远）howfarHowfarisitfromheretothezoo?Ifs6kilometres.频度（多经常）howoftenHowoftendoyoucomeback?Onceaweek.时间经过（多快）howsoonHowsoonwillsheamve?Inanweek.数量（多少）howmany（可数名词）howmuch（不可数名词）Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave?Howmuchcoffeedoyouwant?Three.Twocups.价格howmuchHowmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Fivedollars.高度（多高）howtall（人，树）howhigh（ill,建筑物）Howtallisshe?Howhighisthetower?She"s1.73metres.It"s450metres.1.选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑 问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Isyourbagyelloworblack?Ifsblack.。Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.。Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?Ilikedancingbetter.1.反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。Iamyourteacher,aien"tI?Hedidn"tstudyhard,didhe?（2）如果陈述句十含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。女U：Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句呻寸，英语与汉语的凹答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构"，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构匕而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是J把no译成“是的"。—Youwon^beawayforlong,willyou?你不会离开太久，是吗？—Yes,Iwill.不,我会离开很久o…No,Iwont是的，我不会离开很久。—Idon"tthinkshe"llcomebybike,willshe?我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？…Yes,shewill.不，她会骑自行车来。…No,shewon"t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）usefulcomputeritis!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer,所以要用what来修饰，乂因为useful第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用ano2.（2004年嘉兴市中考试题）■一isitfromJiaxingtoHangzhou?一-I"mnotsure,butittakesaboutninetyminutestogettherebybus. A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howfar答案：Do该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用howfar来提问。1.（2004年河北省中考试题）■一willittakeustogettherebybus?・—Abouttwohours.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howquick答案：Co该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问吋间，所以应用howlong来提问。2.（2004年长沙市屮考试题）—Help!Thereisasnakenearthehouse.―afraid.Itwillgoawaylatei*.A.Don"tB.NotC.Don"tbeD.Be答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：“Doit（Never）+动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有C。【中考演练】一.单项填空1.…Excuseme,isthenearestbookshop?—Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorne匚A.howB.whatC.whereD.who2.一-isitfromourschooltotheBellTower?・—Abouthalfanhour5sbusride.Shallwegoandvisitit?A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch3.—Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?■一No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB・hadiftsheC・didsheD.didn^tshe4.・—Theroomissodirty.wecleanit?…Ofcourse.A.WillB.WouldC.DoD.Shall5.—、sir?…Size41,1thinkA.WhatsizedoyouneedB.WhatcanIdoforyouC.HowdoyoulikethisshirtD.Whafsthematterwithyou6.―goodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7.…Ifsaniceca匚haveyoubeeninit?—JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howfar8.…totheUnitedStates?一-No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago. 46 A.HaveyoubeenB・HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo1.…wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?…Abouttwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.When2.…doyouwant?■一IwantaCDofpopularsongs.A.WhichCDB.HowmanyCDsC.WhatCDD.Howmuch3.isyourmother,ateacheroradoctor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.whose4.■一isyourmothertoday,Jim?…Sheismuchbette匚A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Howold5.■一heatthisschoollastterm?…Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did...studyB.Does...studyC.Was...studyD.Did...studied6.…didyoubegintolearnEnglish?…Threeyearsago.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhereD.What7.■一doyouwritetoyourpen-friend?…Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howoften8.niceflowers!Wheredidyoupickthem?A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa9.Thesickmanisallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,?A.isheB.isn"theC・hasheD・hasn"the10.crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen•A.NotB.Won"tC.Don"tD.Doesn"t19・Hefoundnothingintheroom,?A.doesn"theB・doesheC.didn"theD.didhe20.Youhaven"tchangedyourmind,?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou一.句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）1.Bruceboughtadictionaryyesterday.（改为否定句）Bruceadictionaryyesterday.2.Mr.Smithdoesmorningexerciseseveryday.（改为一般疑问句）Mr.Smithmorningexerciseseveryday? 1.AllanwillgobacktoEnglandbyplanenextmonth.（就划线部分提问）AllangobacktoEnglandnextmonth?2.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.（改为否定句）Thereapplesonthetable.3.Whensheseesyou,shewilltellyouthenews（就划线部分提问）shetellyouthenews?4.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.（改写为否定句）UncleWangmakingthings.5.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.（改为一般疑问句）Annthebooktothelibraryyesterday?6.Ourcityisverybeautiful.（改为感叹句）ourcityis!7.Hehasworkedinthisschoolforfiveyears.（就划线部分提问）hasheworkedinthisschool?8.Bothofthemaremybestfriends.（改为否定句）ofthemmybestfriend.9.Theyarehappytoseeeachother•（改为感叹句）theyaretoseeeachother!10.Theexambeginsatnine.（改为一般疑问句）theexamatnine?11.Hewasplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon.（就划线部分提问）heatfouryesterdayafternoon?12.Hehadnothingforbreakfast.（改为反意疑问句）Hehadnothingforbreakfast?13.Shedoesn"tthinkIcansurfontheInternet.（改反意疑问句）Shedoesn"tthinkIcansurfontheInternet,?14.He"sputthetreeinthehole?（改为一般疑问句）hethetreeinthehole?15.Howusefulthebookis!（改为陈述句）Itisusefulbook.16.ThepopulationofAustraliaisabout19,500,0（）0.（就划线部分提问）populationofAustralia?17.Themeetingwillstartintenminutes.（就划线部分提问）willthemeetingstart?18.Don，ttellhimtocometomyoffice.（改为肯定的祈使句）tocometomyoffice.一.句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子，每空一词。1.我母亲通常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。2.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痫快。3.你看明天有可能结束这项工作吗Doyouthinktofinishtheworktomo4.你怎样与你的邻居相处好canyougetonwellyourneighbours?5.西安的新变化使参观者们感到惊奇。 1.天冷了，请穿上暖和的衣服。It"scold.Pleasewarmclothes.2.爱迪生在小时候就对科学感兴趣。Edison匚3.尽管他失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。Eventhoughhehadfailedmanytimes,hedidn^t4.无论发牛什么事情，我都会和你在一起。5.楼上的噪音害得我整晚无法入睡。Thenoisesupstairsmademenotableto