高中英语语法系列动词不定式 4页

Grammar:动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式的形式是to+v•，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，它可以有自己的宾语，也可以被状语修饰，不定式和它自己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语,但不能充当谓语。I.基本用法1.作主语TolearnEnglishwellisn"teasy.【注意】乩由于主语过长，所以常用it作形式主语。Itisn"teasytolearnEnglishwell.b.不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Totellliesisabadhabit.2.作表语Mygreatestwishistobeapilot..Myideaistoplantsomeflowersinourgarden.3.作宾语HeofferedtohelpmewithmywrittenEnglish.Hepretendednottonoticethesign“NoSmoking4.作宾语补足语Fvegotabadcold.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.【注意】使役动词make,let,have,和感官动词see,hear,notice,find,watch,feel接宾补时to要省掉；但变为被动时要加上to.Thebossmadetheboyworkforhimalldaylong.TheboywasmadetowoMforhimalldaylong.Inoticedtheboywalkoutoftheroom.Theboywasnoticedtowalkoutoftheroom.5.作定语Heisamantogetonwellwith•Ihavenochairtositon•6.作状语 Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.Hemadeuphismindtoworkhardersoastocatchupwiththeothersinhisclass.II・不定式的时态和语态概念形式用法一般式todo表该动作与主句动作同时发生或将发生进行式tobedoing表该动作正在发生完成式tohavedone表该动作先于主句动作发生被动式tobedone表该动作是逻辑主语的承受者完成被动式tohavebeendone表该被动的动作先于主句动作发牛例:LIplanto£0campingwithmycousinthisweekend.1.Theyseemedtobehavingaheateddiscussion.2.HeissaidtohavebeentoEuropetwice.3.The29thOlympicGamesistobeheldinBeijing.4.Thisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintofivelanguages.III.不定式的逻辑主语1.不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中。2.句子的主语，宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语。3.不定式前“for+名词/代词""结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的逻辑主语。4.在Tt+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+todo"结构中，名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语。该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质。例如：kind,good,nice,bad,cruel,honest,bold,thoughtful,right,wrong,wise,clever,silly,foolish,careless,rude等。It"sverykindofyoutocaltotellmeabouttheconference.IV.不定式的否定式不定式否定式由not/never+todo构成Thedoctorwarnedhimnevertodrinkanymore.HespentmuchtimeonEnglishsoasnottomissthechance.V.实战演练l.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.(96)A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC・nottoeatD.noteating3.Robertissaidabroad,butIdorftknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99)— A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD•tohavebeenstudying3.一Fllbeawayonabusinesstrip•Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?(95)一Notatall..A.FvenotimeB.FdrathernotB.C.FdlikeitD.Fdbehappyto4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.(95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.Pauldoesn"thavetobemade,healwaysworkshard・(95)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasiftturnedupyet.(95)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet7.一DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?一Yes•Theyhavebetterplayers,soIthemtowin.A.hopeB.expectC.preferD.want8.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier，itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.notmakingC.nottomakeD.donotmake9.(NMET"94)Ratherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,riding10.(90)Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto11.Thisroomisusedfood.A.tostoreB.storingC.tostoringD.stored12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.A・growB.grewC.wasgrowingD・togrow13.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehind.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied14.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,somebananasandvisitedhercousin.A・boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy15.1canhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfive days.A•sailB•tosailC•sailingD•tohavesailed16.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes•A•openB.tobeopenedC•toopenD•opening17.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD・havinginvented18.Wesawthebirdflapitswingsandaway.A.flyB・fliedC.flewD・flying19.Theforeignerseemedhisway.A.tobelosingB.tohavemissedC.tohavelostD・missed20.Becauseofairpollution,thiscityisnolonger•A.agoodplacetoliveinB.agoodplaceforlivinginC.agoodplacetoliveD.agoodplacetobelivedin21.atthedoorbeforeenteringplease.A•KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock22.Shecarfthelpthehousebecauseshe^sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanBcleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned23.Shelookforwardeveryspringtotheflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin24.lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.HavingsleptD.Sleep25.anotherchance,andweJIdoitbette匸A.GiveB.TogiveC.GiveusD.Giving