高中英语语法一点通——虚拟语气 14页

右屮英语语依一支通——虚祕语九知识清单一.虚祕语九在if引导的浓曳实条件句屮的运用情况从句主句与现在事实相反的假设IfF主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设IH主语+haddone主语+would/should/could/might+havedoneIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设I件主语+were⑹should+动词原形主语+would/could/might+动词原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetinguntilnextMonday.使用虚拟条件句时要特别注意以下几点:1、错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句"，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.2、if省略句当条件状语从句中谓语含有were,had,should时，可以省略if,将were,had,should提到从句句首，变为倒装句式。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.一WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.一Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing・—Shoulditraintomorrow,weshouldnotgoclimbing.3、含蓄条件句有时候为了表达的需要，在虚拟条件句中并不是总会出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其它手段来代替条件句，常见有with,without,or,otherwise,but,butfor,butthat等。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=Ifyouhadamilliondollars)Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn^thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadn"tbeenforyourhelp,...Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting・=IfIhadrftbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting. Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy・=IfIhadn^tbeentoobusy,Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp.二、虛拟语气在名彳司桃从旬屮的运用1、用于宾语从句中①wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。从句的谓语动词形式主要分为三类：(1)一般过去吋(动作与wish同吋发生)；(2)过去完成吋(动作先于wish发牛)；(3)would/could/might+动词原形(动作后于wish发生)。IwishthatIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.IwishthatIwouldflytothemoononedayinthefuture.注：ifonly+句了=HowIwishthat+从句，表示“但愿，如果就好了”。IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!②用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句屮，常见的动词有：suggest,advise,propose,recommend,insist,order,demand,require,request,desire,urge等，谓语动词用should+动i可原形的形式，should通常省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.当suggest不表示“建议"而作“表明、暗示”解时，其后的宾语从句要用陈述句语气，不用虚拟语气。 同样，当insist不表示“坚决要求尬作“坚决认为、坚持说"解时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewassatisfiedwithourwork・Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.①在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用过去时表示对现在或者将来情况的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。Iwouldrathertheyhadn"theardofthenewsyesterday.2、用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/essential/important/strange/natural/apity/ashame+that从句，从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itisapitythathe(should)bebadlyill.4、用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,advice,proposal,order,plan,idea,desire,request,demand等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.三、虔祕语九在定语从句屮的运用在Itis(high/about)timethat...句型屮，定语从句的谓语动词一般用过去时，或用“should+动词原形”(其中should不可以省略)，该句型表示“该……”，用来表示提议。Itistimethatyouwenttoschool.Itistimethatthechildrenshouldhavelunch. 叫虐叙语扎衣状语从句屮的运用1、在asif/though"好像、似乎”引导的方式状语从句中，如果表达虚假的事实，需要用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实的相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实的相反；用过去将来时表示与将来事实的相反。Helooksasifhewereanartist.TheyspokeEnglishfluentlyasiftheyhadlearnedEnglishformanyyears.asif/though也可以表示真实的情况，这吋用真实语气。Lookatthedarkcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorainsoon.2、在lest/forfearthat"以防”引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。Hegotupearlylest(fbrfearthat)heshouldmissthefirsttrain.“难点突破在考查虚拟语气时，在同一个语境中会牵扯到真实情况和虚拟情况，真实情况的时态使用为如何表达虚拟情况提供了依据，尤其在含蓄虚拟语气中。具体说来，如果真实情况用的是现在时态，那么接下来所使用的虚拟语气就是对现在情况的虚拟；同理，如果真实情况用的是过去时态，那么虚拟语气应该是对过去情况的虚拟。r71"would/could/might/should+动词原形+but+现在时陈述句|丨I!-＞豢斥同观在丰实相反的假破|丨IWewouldarriveearlierbutthecarbreaksdown.I1I(Ifthecardidn"tbreakdown,wewouldarriveearlier.)| Ii!would/could/might/shouldhave+过去分词+but+过去时陈述句| 「一—二II现在时陈述句+otherwise/or+would/coulcl/might/should+动词原形IiIIT彖示同規在*实相反的假祓|卜cor2downfwewou,dEEI](Ifthecardidn"tbreakdown,wewouldarriveearlier.)I「…、J|过去时陈述句+otherwise/or+would/could/might/shouldhave+过去分诃|I—素示同过去丰实柏反的假说IIIIThecarbrokedownotherwisewewouldhavearrivedearlier.|III(Ifthecarhadn"tbrokendown,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.)"Lj认真审题，正确理解语境，判断是否需要使用虚拟语气。尤其是对既包含陈述语气又包含虚拟语气的语境，要能准确地把握“虚”与“实”。解题时，还要特别注意一些特殊词汇和句式中 的虚拟语气，当它们出现时，能够准确识别出來，并套用虚拟语气。易错题型（16江苏）1・Ifitforhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeenB.shouldnotbeC.werenottobeD.shouldnothavebeen（16」匕京）2・Ilovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.A.neednlB.mustn^tC・wouldnlD.shouldn"t（16北京）3・Whydidrftyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyoume,Icouldhavehelped.A.toldB.hadtoldC.weretotellD.wouldtell（16天津）4.Itwasreallyannoying;Igetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended・A.wouldn"tB.couldrftC・shouldn"tD.needrft（16天津）5・Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadnlbeenwearingone,1.A.wereinjuredB.wouldbeinjuredC.hadbeeninjuredD.wouldhavebeeninjured（16j折江）6.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathssincetheirhighestin2005.A.hadnotfallenB・wouldnotfallC.didnotfallD.wouldnothavefallen（16浙江）7.Georgetoofar•Hiscoffeeisstillwarm. A.musthavegoneA.mighthavegoneC・can!thavegoneD.neednfthavegone&Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwenowheretostaynow.（安徽卷）A.hadB.hadhadC・wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad9.IfIitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn"thavebelievedit.（北京卷）A.didn"tseeB.weren^tseeingB.wouldn"tseeD.hadn"tseen10.Itmighthavesavedmesometroubletheschedule・（江苏卷）A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown11.Ellenisafantasticdance匚IwishIaswellashe匚（陕西卷）A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD・danced12.IwishIatmysister^sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.（天津卷）A・willbeB.wouldbeC・havebeenD・hadbeen13.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,HemingwayhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.（重庆卷）A.Didn"twriteB.hadn"twrittenC.wouldn"twriteD・wouldn^thavewritten14.[14江力;]Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood. 15.［14大纲］AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,it"snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.canA.mightB.wouldC・shouldD.could16.［14湖南］—Fvepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.——Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?A.can"tB.mustrftC.shan"tD.needn"t17.［14陕西］Mybook,TheHouseofHales,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could18.［14四川］IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.should19.［14天津］themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught20.［14重庆］Fveorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A.can"tB.darenotC.needn"tD.maynot21.［14重庆］一IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsumme匚ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,you?A.mustrftB.haven"tC.didnftD.hadnft22・R折江卷］Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,ortheytoourhelp. A.wouldhavecomeB・couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcome23.［14江西卷］Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestbecometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might24.［14j畐建］nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen25.ri4北京］Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon，ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should26.（2013福建卷）一DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?一No.Ifso,hehiscartoourcollegeyesterday・A.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD・haddriven27.（2013浙江卷）Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild"sfirsteyeexamattheageofsixmonthsold.A.wasB.beC.wereD.is28.（2013安徽卷）Itomycousin"sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailableA.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegone29.（2011-辽宁卷）Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will30.（2011-北京卷）一Wherearethechildren?Thedinner"sgoingtobecompletelyruined. 一Iwishtheyalwayslate. A.weren^tB.hadn^tbeenC・wouldn"tbeD.wouldn"thavebeen32.（2011-北京卷）一Idon9treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——Don"tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn"tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC・wouldnotD・mightnot33.（2011•江西卷）bethepostmanatthedoor,Ifsonlysixo,clock.A.mustn"tB.caiftC.won^tD.needn^34.（2011-四川卷）Thepolicestillhaven"tfoundthelostchild,butthey"redoingallthey35.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should（2011-全国II）Ifyousmoke,pleasegooutside.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may36.（2011-陕西卷）一Willyoureadmeastory.Mummy?—OK.Youhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.37.A.might（2011-陕西卷）IB.mustC.couldD.shallthroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn^thavegoneB・didn^tgoC・wouldn"tgoD.hadrTtgone38.（2011-湖南卷）…NoonebecomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.-一Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.A.canB.needC.mustD.might39.（2011•福建卷）…ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?Iamafraidyou,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting. A.willB.mustC.mayD.can40.（2011•江苏卷）■一Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.一-Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someoneit.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC・shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen