高中英语语法一点通——特殊句式 28页

右屮英错得依一止通——特殊句式gj知识清单倒裝一、宪全倒裟谓语动词完全放在主语Z前的句子，称为完全倒装句。完全倒装句型主要有以下两种情况：1、当主语是名词时，将表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语，如here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首，或者为了表示强调，将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，从而构成倒装句。Onthehillinfrontofthemstandsagreatcastle・Aroundthecornerwalksayoungpoliceman.Outrushedthechildren.Gonearethedayswhenpeopleusuallywenthungry.注意：当句子主语是代词时，不可完全倒装。Awayhewent.2、such置于句首吋，后面的句子用完全倒装结构。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury"sgreatestscientist.Suchisourhomeinthefuture. 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词和情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫作部分倒装句。部分倒装句主要有以下儿种：1、only修饰副词、介词短语或者状语从句，作状语，且放在句首时。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.OnlythendidIunderstandwhatshemeant.持别提砾：©only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句用部分倒装结构。Onlyafteryouhavereachedeighteencanyoujointhearmy.②only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。Onlyhecananswerthequestion.2、否定副词never,nor,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely以及表示否定意义的介词短语atnotime,undernocircumstance,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.HardlydoIthinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.3、副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，构成句型"So+adj./adv.+that...”。Somuchdidtheyeatthattheycouldnotmoveforthenexthour.SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood・4^notonly...butalso...“不仅而且”，notonly谓语句首吋，后面的分句用部分倒装结构，但but(also)引导的句子用正常语序。Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit. 5、notuntil.••“直到才”位于句首时，主句用倒装结构，从句不倒装。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.6、表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中,neither/nor用于否定句。HecansingEnglishsongs,andsocanI.Hedidn"tseethefilm,andneitherdidI.Shelikesmusic,andsodoLShehasn"treadit，andnorhaveL三、形式倒除形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置，特点是把强调的内容提至句首，主谓不倒装，常见的句型主要有以下几种：1、“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越……，越……”。Themoreexerciseyoutake,thehealthieryouare・Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.2、whatever+n.引导让步状语从句，意为"无论什么”，however+adj./adv.引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么……Whatevernonsensethenewspapersprint,somepeoplealwaysbelieveit.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wcmustworkitoutthisevening.3、as和though引导的让步状语从句，采用倒装形式。Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.Tryas/thoughyoumight,youcan,keepthelosttime. Muchas/thoughhelikesthebike,hedoesn^twanttobuyit.强调一、强调句1＞强调句的陈述句形式为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分。当强调人时，可用who来代替that。被强调部分可以是单词、短语或者从句，但是去掉Itis/was...that…之后，句子结构必须完整，常被强调的句子成分有：主语、宾语和状语。ItwasAnnPeterthat/whorushedhertoanearbyhospitallastnight.Itwasherthat/whoAnnPeterrushedtoanearbyhospitallastnight.ItwaslastnightthatAnnPeterrushedtoanearbyhospital.Itwaswhathesaidthatmadeherangry.Itwaswhentherainstoppedthattheycontinuedworking・2、强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其它句子成分？Isitthefamouswriterandhisworksthathavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents?Wasitinthestationthatyoumeteachotheryesterday?3、强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其它成分？Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?Whywasitthatyoukeptsilentatthemeeting?4、有时候可用Itmightbe...that/who…或者Itmusthavebeen...that/who…句型表示强调。Itmightbehisfatherthat/whoyou"rethinkingof?Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthat/whoyousaw? 5、not...until...句型的强调句式为：Itis/wasnotuntil...+that+其它成分。Itwasnotuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentuiythanmanknewwhatheatwas.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasthefamousfilmstar.6、强调句与其它句型的混用①强调句用于宾语从句中Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.IreallycaiTtrememberwhereitwasthatIfirstmettheman.②强调句中被强调的名词后常接一个定语从句来修饰。WasitBill,whoplaysfootballwell,thathelpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?Itwasintheschool,whereIoncestudied,thatweheldaparty.Wasitinthehouse,whichwevisitedlastyear,thatthemurderhappened?③强调句用于感叹句中。Whatasillymistakeitisthatyouhavemade!二、对谓语働铜的强碉强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词，如果需要强调谓语动词，要用助动词do,does或did。Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Tomdocsstudyhardnow・反意融问句—、粽述句會韦must/may(might)的反克廠问句 1、当must作"必须”讲时，反意疑问句用nccdn*t；当含有mustnl（不允许、禁止）时，反意疑问句用mustoYoumustgonow,needn"tyou?Youmustn"tsmokehere,mustyou?2、当must/may(might)表示推测时"，可首先将句子改为"Iamsure/guess+that从句”，反意疑问句根据besurc/gucss后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式来确定。Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,?—>1amsure/guessthatyouarehungrynow,aren^tyou?—>Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,aren^tyou?Youmusthaveheardaboutit,?—>1amsurethatyoumusthaveheardaboutit,haven^tyou?—►Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven"tyou?Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,?—►Iamsurethatyouwatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn"tyou?—►Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn^tyou?二、陈述句會韦usedto的反克疑问句陈述句含有usedto,表示“过去常常”，反意疑问句用usedrft或didrft均可。Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedrft/didrftyou?三、陈述句佥韦呑定铜或者g备定褐的反克離问句当陈述句部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定或者半否定词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式。 Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?四.粽述句舍韦各走请俶构啟的彳司Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn^the?Ifsunfair,isn"tit?五、陈述句舍帘宾语衣句的険克疑问句1、当陈述句含有宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主语和助动词常和主句保持一致。Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didrTthe?Tomdoesn"tbelieveJanewillsucceed,doeshe?2^当陈述句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,besure等，一目-主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。Idon"tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?A,祈絶句的反克疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句，常见的结构形式有：肯定祈使句，will/worftyou?否定祈使句，willyou?Let"s…，shallwe?Letus…，willyou?Openthedoor,will/won"tyou?Let"sgooutforawalk,shallwc?Letusgohomenow,willyou? 七、反意疑问句的血备澡則不管陈述句是肯定还是否定，回答时只根据事实情况来确定，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes回答，如果事实是否定的，就用no回答。也就是说无需考虑句子原本是前肯后否还是前否后肯。—Youaren,tateacher,areyou?—Yes,Iam.（我是老师）—No,Iamnot.（我不是老师）祈使句一、肯定式、备疤式和强调式Keepsilentinthereadingroom.Doitbesosure.Nevercomelate.Docomeontimethisevening・Dobecareful.二、带空语的祈使句Tom,watertheflowers.Bequiet,everybody・赢叹句一、基痒带式What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Whatacleverboyheis!=Howclevertheboyis!Whatsweetwateritis!Howfastheisrunning!二、省略式的感叹句1、how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!How(much)weloveourmotherland!2、省略形容词，what直接修饰名词。Whatadaywehave!其它形式的嶽叹句Howcanyoubesosilly!足语从句屮的塔睹限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略，定语从句的先行词是way(关系词在从句中作状语)，关系词可省略。Thisisthebook(that)Iboughtyesterday.That"snottherightwaywegetonwithlittlekids. 二、状语从句屮的塔岭1、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构:①连词(when,if,though等)+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou"llregret.②连词(once,asif,while等)+介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.③连词(when,while,though等)+现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.④连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.⑤连词(asif,asthough)+不定式heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.2、当从句中的主语时it,谓语动词中由含有be动词吋，可以将it和be动词一起省略。此吋构成“连词(if,unless,when,whenever等)+形容词Unless(itis)necessary,you"dbetternotrefertothedictionary.Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon"tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.1、单独使用不定式符号to,代替动词不定式中被省略的部分，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,hope,like,love,mean,seem,refuse,wish,want等后而。 Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn"twantto.2、不定式符号to用在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后面。 Ididn^twanttogothere,butIhadto.3、不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后而。—Willyoujoininthegame?—Fdbegladto.4、否定形式的不定式省略用nottoe—ShallIgoinsteadofhim?—Ipreferyounotto.5、如果不定式屮含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留be,have和havebeen。—Areyouasailor?一No,butIusedtobe.—Hehasn"tfinishedyet.—Well,heoughttohave・Therebe句型一、基痒箱构1、therebe句型在英语中表示“什么地方存在某物”,be动词的单复数和后面的名词保持一致,如果有两个或者两个以上名词，谓语动词be要遵循就近一致原则。Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Thereisapen,twobooks,andmanypencilsonthedesk. 1、therebe结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。Therewasameetinginourschoolyesterday.TherewillbeanewfilmshownonSunday.Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen.Therecan"tbeanymistakeinhispassage.2、therebe结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seemtobe,happentobe,belikelytobe,usedtobe或半系动词remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur等替换。Thereislikelytobesomethingwrongwithhiscomputer.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldmonkinthetemple.3、therebe句型的罪谓语形式Ihaveneverimaginedoftherebeingapictureonthewall.Iexpecttheretobemanychancesforhimtogetajob・Therebeingnoenoughtimeleft,wehavetohurryup.Therehavingbeennowaterfor2days,thetravelerswereallthirsty.主谓一敷一、弄科金语的麦谓一致1、两个单数名词或者不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。TomandJackareclosefriends.Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.2、两个单数名词用and连接，第二个名词前不加冠词，表示同一个人、物或者概念，谓语动 词仍用单数形式。 Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtoattendoureveningparty.3、被every,each,manya,no等限定的单数名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。EachboyandeachgirlinourclasshasanEnglishname.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenthefilm.4、由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数要和与它临近的主语的数保持一致。Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening・NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.EitheryouorBillisgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.5>“名词+with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/but/except等+名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与第一个名词保持一致。Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarrivebyair.2、蔓应名词作金语时輪殳谓一致1、集体名词family,class,crew,team,group,crowd,government等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体来看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。Theclassconsistsoftwenty-fiveboysandtwentygirls.Theclassaredoingexperiments.3>由两个部分构成的名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了apair/twopairsof来修饰时，谓语动词在数上要与pair•保持一致。 Thetrousersfitmeverywell.Thispairoftrousersismine.四、救彳司鸟量铜作金语时的空谓一致1、表示时间、重量、距离、价格等名词的复数形式作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twentyyearsisalongtimeinone"slife.Fortymileswascoveredinasinglenight.Onemilliondollarsisnotasmallsumofmoneyforeveryone・2、分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于后而的名词是单数还是复数。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Alargepercentageofthespaceisusedtoholdaudience・3、由kind,type,sort...of修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.Allkindsofmeanshavebeentired,butnoneworks.Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.4＞由anumberof（许多）和avarietyof（各种各样的）修饰的名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。但是thenumberof...（的数目）和thevarietyof...（的种类）后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式。Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.Thenumberofpeopleemployedinagriculturehasfalleninthelastdecade.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising. 5、如果主语由“manya/morethanone+单数名词”构成，谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestions・6、alarge/great/vast/good/small/amount(quantity)of+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；large/great/vast/good/small/amounts(quantities)of+不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。Alargeamountofheatissentfromthesun.Largeamountsofmoneywereputinthebank.Quantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.Thereisasmallquantityofwaterleftinthebottle.难点突破强调句和曳它相他句哩的&别1、强调句与含有形式主语it的句型区别若将Itis/was...that去掉，剩下的成分能够还原构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，否则不是。Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappen.（强调句）Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.（主语从句）2、强调句与Itis/was...when.…时间状语从句的区别在Itis/was...whcn...句型中,it指时间,when引导的是时间状语从句。ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday. ItwasmidnightwhenIgotbackhomeyesterday. 3、强调句与Itis+时间段+since...句型的区别ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish・ItistwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish・4、强调句与Itis/was+地点名词+where定语从句的区别Itwasaroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.Itwasintheroomthatweusedtohavemeetings.解题秘诀J1、倒装句包括完全倒装和部分倒装，在英语中需要使用倒装结构的情况也不是很多，关键要清楚在哪些情况用完全倒装，哪些情况下用部分倒装。2、当句子的主语、宾语或状语需要强调时，常采用强调句型。在解题时一定要辨别句子是否是强调句。可以釆用还原的方法来判断，即把itis/was和that去掉后，如果剩余的成分仍能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句，否则不是强调句。易错题型I1.[14Athenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.A.NotdoonlyB.DonotonlyC.OnlynotdoD.Notonlydo2.[14福建]Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,、reaching30°Cin summer. A.ifnotB.ifeverC・ifanyD.ifso3・[14福建]Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroadA.whereB.whyC.thatD.what4.[14湖南]Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartgoodrelationshipswithothers・A.willyoukeepB.youwillkeepC.youkeptD.didyoukeep5.（16夭漳）Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthecoachpicksuptourists.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that6.[14陕訪]Nosoonersteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYanB.MoYanhadC.hasMoYanD.MoYanhas7.[14四h|]WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolM匚Smithgotangry?A.whyB.whoC.whereD.that8.（2013福建塞）Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardshipthelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.A・hadherealizedB.didherealizeC.herealizedD・hehadrealized9.（2013"Neverforasecond「theboysays,“thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue?9A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt 4.（2013辽今象丿Atnotimetherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem. A.theyactuallybrokeC・didtheyactuallybreakB.dotheyactuallybreakD.theyhadactuallybroken4.（2013全国惹徊版丿Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentproperlyinthishospital.A.canbethepatientsC.thepatientscanbetreatedB.canthepatientsbetreatedD・treatedcanbethepatients5.（2013A血衆丿Onlywhenheapologizesforhisrudenesstohimagain.A.Iwillspeak.B・willIspeak・C・doIspeak.D.Ispeak.6.（2013湖南約NotoncetoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.A.occurreditB.itdidoccurC・itoccurredD・diditoccur7.（2013新课标2丿Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentproperlyinthishospital.A.canbethepatientsB.canthepatientsbetreatedC.thepatientscanbetreatedD.treatedcanbethepatients8.（2012上诲象）Onlywiththegreatestoflucktoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.A.managedsheB.shemanagedC・didshemanageD.shedidmanage（2012夭诛直）16.OnlyMaiyreadhercompositionthesecondtimethespellingmistake・A.didshenoticeB.shenoticedC・doesshenoticeD.shehasnoticed （2012山东恙）17.一Idon"tknowaboutyou,butFmsickandtiredofthisweather. 一.Ican"tstandallthisrain.A.Idon，tcareB.IfshardtosayC・SoamID.Ihopeso(2012童茨衆)18.Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,noritathought.A.doesheevengivenB.heevengivesC・willheevengiveD・hewillevengiven(20120h|恙)19.Thisisnotmystory,northewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.A.isthereB.thereisC・isitD・itis(2012Jx&蔻)20.NeverbeforeseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.A.hadsheB.shehadC.hassheD.shehas(2012辽今恙)21.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider22.(2011•江裁条丿Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar"sengine.,we"dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.A.OtherwiseB.IfnotC.ButforthatD.Ifso23•(2011全国新课栋鬆丿Onlywhenhereachedthetea-houseitwasthesameplacehe^dbeeninlastyea匚A.herealizedB.hedidrealizeC.realizedheD・didherealize24.(2011调南約Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhoursadecision.A.theyreachedB.didtheyreachC.theyreachD.dotheyreach suchaspecialdrink!25.(2011・福建衆丿…It"snice.Neverbefore ■一Fmgladyoulikeit.A.IhavehadB.IhadC.haveIhadD.hadI25.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomeIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.（湖南走丿A.whichB.thatC.whereD.how26.Onlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.（湖南象丿A.IdiddiscoverB・didIdiscoverC.IdiscoveredD.discovered27.Alwaysinmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.（湖南蔻丿A.tokeepB.tohavekeptC.keepD.havekept28.OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficethatshehadleftthecontractathome・（夭诛鼠丿A.sherealizedB.hassherealizedC・shehasrealizedD.didsherealize（16Jx畝）30.Notuntilrecentlythedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.A.theyhadencouragedB.hadtheyencouragedD.theyencouragedC.didtheyencourage