高中英语语法高考定语从句讲解与练习讲义 6页

定语从句定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句屮修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用二＞放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。一、定语从句重点备考考点1：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。考点2：定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。考点3：“介词+关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。如：whosebook=thebookofwhom等；关系副词when,where,why和"介词+which”Z间的关系。考点4：关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。近几年来，关系词where引导的不表示具体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点，要着重复习。二、一眼看穿定语从句(1)定语从句中缺一成分，缺的这个成分就是先行词。(2)在所有的从句中，只有定语从句中缺成分。如果从句中却成分，那一定是定语从句。(3)定语从句和主句之间没有连词，但是有关系词，相当于连词，起连词的作用。也就是说，在两个句子之间存在连词的话，就一定不是定语从句。I.关系词(瞻前顾后)关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词Who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句屮做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatWhom人宾语M匚SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.Whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.That人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible・ as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasbom.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican5timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer;可用forwhichI.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:类别语法意义及待征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.II.that与which,who,whom的用法区别:情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰吋3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1・Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread・4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5・HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he吋多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy・Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking・Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.做题独家秘笈:不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which,什么时候又只能用which不能用thato做题时确定是that和which二选一之时,只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填thato IV.As与which的区别:定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks・Don"readsuchbooksasyoucan"understand・非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，彖”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如""的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn"texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.练习一、过关斩将1.1shallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB・when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who2.1canneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.D.onwhich,whenD.atthatA.when,whichB.which,whenC・what,that3.IsthisthehouseJimwasborn?A.atwhereB・whichC・inwhich4.IsthishouseJimboughtlastyear?A.thatB.whereC・theoneD.whichthat5.Thehouseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.A.thatB.ofwhichC.whoseD.who"s二、前世今生1.1willneverforgetthedayIcametoPrincetonHighSchoolon.IwillneverforgetthedayIcametoPrincetonHighSchool.2.PrincetonHighSchoolistheschoolIamstudyingin.PrincetonHighSchoolistheschoolIamstudying.3.Couldyoutellmethereasonyouarelatefor?Couldyoutellmethereasonyouarelate?三、藕断丝连1.ThisistheveryknifewhichIusedtocutapples.2.Thespeedwhichyoudriveyourcarmustn^ttoohigh・3.HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamilia匚4.Shegaveusalovelylessonwhichallthestudentsareveryinterested.5.Whatwerethethingswhichhewasnottoosure? 四.似是而非1・Imissthetimewespenttogethe匚Imissthetimethereisnohomework.2.TheroomIhavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.Theroomheoncelivedisstillthere.3.ThereasonIdon9tknowisknowntohim.ThereasonIdon^tknowthethingisthatIwasnottherethen.五、小试牛刀1.（2017北京）Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions・A.thatB.asC・whereD.when2.（2017天津）Myeldestson,worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who3.（2017江苏）In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A.whichB.il"sC.whoseD.whom4.（2016全国I）MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.5.（2016•全国II,KJ读A）Simonisacomedianandactorhas10years"experienceofteachingcomedy・6.（2016-全国II，阅读D）FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.7.（2016-全国III）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,livedfromroughly551to479B.C,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks・8.（2016-全国III,完形）WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam・ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,wasthebestplayeratourschool.六、融会贯通在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。Therewasatime丄IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish・Andthisisthereason2myfatherforcedmetojoinina30—daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide4teacherwasLiYang,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from,Igainedsomeusefulinstructions・Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivitiesQwedid.Myfatherandtheguide7encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated・NowIfeelitinterestingtoleamEnglish,into&Iputmyentireenergy.Everyday1willreadmywordsand passagesaloud.InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Iwillrecallmypassages,through9Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.JOourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”KEY一、过关斩将1-5：BACCC二、前世今生1・lhal/which/-;onwhich/when2.that/which/-;inwhich/where3・that/which/-;forwhich/why三、藕断丝连1.with2.at3.with4.in5.of四、似是而非1.that/which/-;when2.that/which/-;where3.that/which/-;why五、小试牛刀1.Ao此题考察定语从句。句意为“我们生活中遇到的微小问题也许能为以后的重大发明提供灵感”。主句结构完整，不缺主干成分，根据位置和语意，从句为定语从句，先行词为problemso从句缺宾语，故用that。as引导非限制性定语从句,where,when都在从句中作状语，均不符合要求。2.Bo此题考察定语从句。句意为”我最大的儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他满世界跑“。主句结构完整，不缺主干成分。从句为非限制性定语从句，也不缺主干成分，先行词son与work间存在从属关系，故用whose在从句屮作定语。3.Co此题考察定语从句。句意为“在1963年，联合国成立世界粮食计划署，它的目标之一是缓解全世界的饥饿问题”。主句不缺主干成分，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为theWorldFoodProgramme,与purposes有从属关系，故用whose作purposes的定语。4.when。由句子结构以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的inthemid-1980s,从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词wheno5.who/thato考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是acomedianandactor,在从句中做主语,所以用who或者thato6.whicho考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images,所以用which。7.whoo考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用whoo8.whoo考查定语从句。先行词为MillerKing,故用who。六、融会贯通1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.whom6.that/which7.who/that8.which9.which10.As