2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 7页

3.在各类考试题中，测试者往往都要求应考者选用最简单的动词形式，即不带to的动词不定式，或者动名词形式，尤其是不带to的动词不定式，而不是其他形式。但是，如果ratherthan之前用的是被动语态（含被动不定式）、进行时、动名词、介词短语等，这时往往需要保持ratherthan前后结构形式的平衡。(1)In1903,theWrightbrothers’inventionwasignoredratherthanrecognized.(2)Heistobepitiedratherthan(tobe)disliked.(3)Thistextistobedeletedratherthanwritten.4)Theywerescreamingratherthansinging.(5)Hewasengagedinwritingratherthanreadingthenewspaper.(6)HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendshipratherthanformakingmoney.(7)Clinicalexperimentshaveshownthatchildrengenerallyrelatetootherchildren’sstrengthsandabilities,ratherthantotheirweaknesses.4.ratherthan可拆开用，这更强调动词形式一致。(1)Heistobepitiedratherthan(tobe)disliked./Heisrathertobepitiedthandisliked(2)Thistextistobedeletedratherthanwritten./Thistextisrathertobedeletedthanwritten.(3)Thesirenwhispersratherthanscreams./Thesirenratherwhispersthanscreams.5.ratherthan提前时，常用不带to的动词不定式。 (1)Ratherthancausetrouble,heleft.(2)Ratherthangothere,I’dprefertostayhereonmywon.(3)Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.6.在wouldrather…than…句型中，只用不带to的动词不定式。(1)Hewouldratherbeginthestreetsthangetmoneyinsuchadishonestway.(2)Hewouldratherpaythefinethanappealtoahighercourt.(3)Iwouldratherdiethansurrender.（4）I’drathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.8.2.4would(should)prefer之后的从句时态would(偶见用should)prefer后接从句时，从句的时态可用过去虚拟式也可以用现在虚拟式。但是，用现在虚拟式更常见于考试题中。A.从句用过去虚拟式(1)Iwould(should)preferthatyoudidnotstaytheretoolong.=Iwould(should)preferyounottostaytheretoolong.(2)I’dpreferthatthejobwerealittleclosertomyhome.(3)Valwouldpresumablypreferthatyoudidn’tgetarrested.(4)Iwouldpreferthatyoudidn’tmentionmyname.B.从句用现在虚拟式 (1)I’dpreferthatsheacttheyounglady.(2)WouldyoupreferthatIcomeonMondayinsteadofonTuesday?(3)I’dpreferthatheremainforgotten.注1：一般来说，常见的形式是：preferthat…shoulddo(shouldbe),wouldpreferthat…do(be)。(4)Wepreferthattheplanshouldbefullydiscussedbeforebeingputintoexecution./cf.Wewouldpreferthattheplanbefullydiscussedbeforebeingputintoexecution.注2：(would)prefer除了后接从句外，还可接名词、动名词、动词不定式和形容词。但是，通常不说wouldpreferdoing，而要说wouldprefertodo或preferdoing。(5)Wouldyoupreferteaorcoffee?---I’dprefertea,thanks!(6)Ipreferjazztorockmusic.(7)Ipreferplayingindefense./I’dprefertoplayindefense.(Lesscommon:I’dpreferplayingindefense)(8)Ipreferreadingto(watching)television.(9)Iprefertoreadratherthanwatchtelevision.10)Iprefernottothinkaboutit. (11)Wouldyouprefermetostay?(12)Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.(13)Shewouldpreferhimdead.=Shewouldpreferhimtodie.8.2.5It’s(high,about)time之后的时态It’s(high,about)time之后要用过去时。(1)It’s(high,about)time(that)youvisitedBeijing.(cf.It’stimeforyoutovisitBeijing./It’sthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedBeijing./ItwasthefirsttimethatyouhadvisitedBeijing.)(2)It’s(high,about)time(that)youboughtacar.(3)Mothersaid,“It’sabouttimeyougotup,Mary.”8.2.7表示建议、要求、命令、惊奇等意义的单词之后的从句谓语形式凡表示建议、要求、命令、惊奇或具有此类意义的单词，无论是动词、形容词、还是名词，其后的从句谓语总是用shoulddo(be)或do(be)的形式。前者是英式后者是美式。A常用的这类动词有suggest,propose,advise,recommend,move,ask,request,petition,demand,require,desire,intend,insist,urge,order,command,decree,vote等。(1)Imovethatyourmanager(should)acceptthetermsandconditionsinthecontract. (2)Shepetitionedthekingthatherson(should)bepardoned.(3)Theyintendedthatthenews(should)besuppressed.(4)Weintendthathe(shall)setoutatonce.=Weintendhimtosetoutatonce./Weintendthatit(shall)bedonetoday.=Weintendittobedonetoday.（有时也用shall）(5)Theleadershiphasdecreedthatsuchstudents(should)notbeexemptedfromcollegedues.(6)Thecongresshasvotedthatthepresentlaw(should)bemaintained.B常用的这类形容词有important,vital,necessary,essential,imperative,right,appropriate,natural,unfair,impolite,surprising,strange,dreadful等。有时必用should表示“竟然”，带有一些情感色彩。(1)Itisnecessarythathe(should)doso.(2)It’simperativethatshe(should)notbeseenhere.(3)It’snaturalthatyourbrothershouldforgetit.(4)Itisunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.(5)It’simpolitethatsheshouldtreatyoulikethat.(6)It’ssurprisingthatheshouldpassthetimelikethat. (7)It’sstrangethatsheshouldbesolate.(8)It’sdreadfulthatsomeoneshouldbesomiserable.C常用的这类名词有suggestion,proposal,advice,recommendation,idea,request,petition,demand,requirement,desire,wish,urge,command,decree,decision,resolution,8.2.8suggest和insist用于陈述语气与虚拟语气的比较当suggest表示“意思是”、“间接地表明”、“暗示”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，均不能用虚拟语气，要用陈述语气。(1)Hersilencesuggeststhatsheagreestothisarrangement(plan)/agreeswithsb.(hisanalysis,hisremark,hisargument,everywordhehassaid).//cf.Shesuggestedtousthatanexception(should)bemade.8.2.9asif(asthough)从句中的时态asif(asthough)之后既可用虚拟语气，亦可用陈述语气。此外，asif(asthough)从句所用的时态与主句所用的时态没有必然的制约关系。A虚拟语气（表示不可能） (1)Hebehavesasifheownedtheplace.(2)Helooksasifhewereill./Helooksasifhehadbeenillfordays.(3)Helooksasifhesawaghosteverynight./Helooksasifhehadseenaghostlastnight.(4)Itseemsasifbutterwouldnotmeltinhismouth.B陈述语气（表示有可能）(1)Hebehavesasifheownstheplace.(2)Heactsasifheisinlovewithher.(3)Helookedasifhewasill./Helookedasifhehadbeenillfordays.(4)Shelooksasifshewillbelikeyouwhenshegrowsup.(5)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(7)Themeattastesasifithasgonestale.