山东省滨州市2019年中考英语语法专项复习语法十动词不定式语法考点剖析 10页

动词不定式语法考点剖析考点一动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是"to+动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句屮也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。1.作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“It+be+adj.(+forsb.)+动词不定式”。It"simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。2.作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英语。3.作宾语或宾语补足语(1)接todo作宾语的动词或短语有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。(3)在使役动词make,let,have和感官系动词feel,look,smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带too4.作定语Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有许多家庭作业要做。★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.这只猫很容易照顾。5.作状语Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)We，regladtomeetyouhere.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)6.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构疑问词who,what,when,where,how,which等后接动词不定式，在句屮作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Theteacheristollingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。 ■Hedidn"tknowwheretogo（=whereheshouldgo）.他不知道去哪里。1.含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too.••to.••太而不能Whydon"tyoudosth.?为什么不做某事?hadbetterdosth.最好做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事makesb.dosth.让某人做某事bemadetoclosth.被迫做某事•跟踪训练1.（2018•湖北咸宁屮考改编）Remembersomefruitwhenyoucomeback・A.buyingB.tobuyC.buyD-bought2.（2018•湖南长沙中考改编）一Theweatherreportsaysit"sgoingtohaveashowerthisafternoon.—Itdoes?We"dbetternow,justincase-A.toleaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left3.（2018•甘肃张掖中考）Mytwocousinsdecideabusinesstogether.A.tostartB.startingC.startD.started4.（2018•黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编）Wesetupthisgro.updisabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helps5.（2018・黑龙江绥化中考改编）Peoplearesupposedhands.whentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A・shakingB.toshakeC.shakeD・shook6.（2018•贵州中考）Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkids■withstrangers.A.nottotalkB.nottalkingC.tonottalk0.nottalk 1.（2018•四川成都屮考改编）Igotupearlythismorningmygrandmaattheairport. D.pickupC.pickedup1.(2018•四川达州中考)一I"dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework.—Ifyoudon"tgo,.A.todo;sodoIB.todo;norwi11IC.doing;sowillI[)•do;neitheramI2.(2018•四川乐山中考改编)—Julia,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It"sdangerousitwhi1ecrossingthestreet.A.answeringB.answerC.toanswerD.toanswering3.(2018•广东中考)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless-Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld・A.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild4.(2018•贵州安顺中考)一YoushoulddowhatyoucanyourEnglish,LiMing.—OK,Iw订1.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.improved考点二动名词动名词由“动词原形+・ir）g”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质（可有宾语和状语），也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1.动名词常用结构(1)只能跟动名词的动词(短语)有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can"thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makea.living(by)doing,putoffdoing等。(2)have+7?.+(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveprob1ems/difficu11y(in)doing 等。 （3）todoing结构，to是介词be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。1.有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。Jtodosth.停下来去做另一件事stop"[doingsth•停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事doingsth.忘记做过某事remember^todosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得做过某事Jtodosth.尽力去做某事try[doingsth.尝试做某事Jtodosth•遗憾地去做某事regret[doingsth.后悔做了某事跟踪训练1.（2019•预测）Haveyouforgotten$1,000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaserememberittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;tobringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing2.（2017・黑龙江龙东中考改编）—Wouldyoumindhere?一Ofcoursenot.f11mycigaretteatonce.A.notsmoking;putawayB.notsmoking;putoutC.nottosmoke;putoffD.nottosmoke;putout3.（2019•预测）Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficultytheproblem.A.workingoutA.havingworkedout A.tohaveworkedoutB.toworkout1.（2017•湖北黄冈中考）一NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.—Yeah!ManypeoplecanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina.A.B・buyingC.boughtD.buy5.（2019•预测）Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.（2019•预测）I"veenjoyedtotalkwithyou.A.tobeableB.beingableC.rtobeenableD.ofbeingable7.（2019•预测）Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.A.knockB.knockingatC.toknockatD・kncxckingto8.（2017•重庆中考）Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinisheshishomeworkontimo.A.doB.didC.doesD.doing9.（2017•重庆渝北中考）Therear,esomepeoplesoccerinthepark.A.playB.playsC.playingD・toplay10.（2017•江苏常州中考）—Whydoesn"ttheSurgeonstoplunch?—Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A・tohave;tosaveB・having;tosaveC.tohave;savingA.having;saving11.（2017•江苏淮安中考）Theresearchhedevoteshimselftothefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant. C.helpD.helped考点三分词1.现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。Thecryinggirlcan，tfindhermother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。（定语）Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事很有趣。（表语）Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。（宾语补足语）Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。（状语）2.过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。Sheisverytired.她很疲劳。（表语）Theboyworeapairoffadedjeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。（定语）ShefoundtheUllagegreatlychanged.她发现这个村庄变化很大。（宾语补足语）3.现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。（1）现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。asleepin.gchiId一个正在睡觉的孩子adevelopingcountry—个发展中国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水asurprisinglook一个令人吃惊的表情（2）过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。thenovelwrittenbyLuXun鲁迅写的那篇小说asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans被粉丝包围的歌手fallenleaves落叶asnow-coveredcity被雪覆盖的城市，跟踪训练1.（2017•黑龙江龙东中考改编）一IsawJimintothatnewbuildingjustnow.一Oh,it，sournewlibrary.Ittothepublicforaweek.A.walk;hasopenedB.walking;hasbeenopenC・walking;hasopened D.walks;hasbeenopon1.1heardhimanEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.A.singB.singingC・sungD・tosing2.（2019•预测）Thenovelisgreat.It"swellworth.A.readB.readsA.readingD.reader3.（2019•预测）/1ChristmasCarolisafamousshortnovelbyCharlesDickens.A.writtenB・waswrittenC.wroteD.writewhileplayingapartinthe4.（2016•四川内江中考）Badluck!Thefilmstarhadherlegfilm.B.breakingD.brokenA.tobreakC.break参考答案【语法考点剖析】 考点一考点二考占二P八八1~5BCABB6〜11AABCDB1〜5ABABC6〜11BBDCCA1〜5BBCAD