2016届高中英语语法复习第二讲语态讲练 6页

二语态语法精讲1.当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语（Vi.Vt.）的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语（vt.）用被动语态。被动语态的结构：2）一般过去时:1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将來时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.5）过去进行时:4）现在进行时：Theroadisbeingwidened.Thenewtoolwasbeingmade.6）过去完成时:Hesaidthatworkhadbeenfinished.7）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread2.一些特殊的被动结构:1）情态动词的被动结构：Theproblemmustbesolvedsoon.2）带非谓语的被动结构：Thatebeingmadefunof.Theroomisgoingtobepainted.3）短语动词的被动结构：①（不及物）动词+介词：agreeto,askfor,cal1for,laughat,1istento,lookafter,operateon,sendfor,talkabout,thinkof.etc.②（及物）动词+副词：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,hemdin,makeout,pointout,putaway,turndown,workout,etc.③动词+副词/名词+介词：doawaywith,faceupto,giveinto,lookdownupon,makeupfor,putupwith,takecareof,catchsightof,takenoticeof,payattentionto,putanendto,setfire/lightto,takeholdof,keepaneyeon,makeuseof,makeafoolof,etc.Thebabyislookedaftercarefully.Closeattentionmustbepaidtoit.Theywillbetaken（good）careof.Goodcarewillbetakenofthem.4）复合宾语的被动结构：Tomwasfoundill/lyinginbed/injured/ofgreatvalue/outside.（宾补变为主补）5）“getdone”结构通常表示①动作的结果②未曾料到的事态③“最后终于”出现的某种事态：getburnt,getpaid,getdressed,getmarried,getinjured,getwounded,getrobbed,getfrightened,getexcited,getinterested,etc.3.系表结构与被动结构的区别：Theglassisbrokennow.Thebookiswellwritten.（状态。无动作执行时间或执行者）TheglasswasbrokenbyTomjustnow.（动作。有动作时间或执行者） Thehomeworkremainsuntouched/undone.2.主动形式表示被动意义：1）某些动词作谓语：sell,read,feel,write,wear,wash,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut,etc.Thebookssellwell.Themachinerunswell.Yourpoemreadswel1・Thiscoatwearslong.Theclothwasheseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.2）表示状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。Goodmedicinetastesbitter.Whatyousaidprovedtobecorrect.3）动词want,need,require等当"需要"讲时：Thepatientneedsoperatingon/tobeoperatedonwithoutdelay.4）beworthdoing二beworthytobedone二beworthyofbeingdoneTheplaceisworthasecondvisit.=Theplaceisworthvisitingagain.5）不定式的主动形式表被动意义：①句中不定式的逻辑主语是句屮的主语或宾语时：1havealotofworktodo.P11givehimsomethingtoread・②“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构屮，不定式与主语构成动宾关系：Histelephonenumberiseasytoremember・Themanisdifficulttodealwith.③在“Thom+be+名词+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动或被动皆可；在“This/That+be+名词+不定式”中,不定式用主动:Therearemanyquestionstodiscuss（tobediscussed）.This/Thatisahardquestiontoanswer.Thatisaniceplacetovisit・④不定式tolet,toblame,toseek等，常用主动：Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.Thecaristolet・3.汉语主动，英语被动形式：Itissaidthat••-（=Peoplesaythat…）据说；Itishopedthat…（二Peoplehopethat…）希望；Itissupposedthat••-根据推测说；Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认；itmustbepointedoutthat••-必须指出；Itiswellknownthat••-众所周知；Itwillbesaidthat••-有人会说；Itwillgenerallybeconsideredthat••-大家认为；Itisbelievedthat…有人相信4.主动句不能变为被动句的情况：1）谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。2）谓语是不可拆开的短语动词takeplace,loseheart,belongto,consistof等。3）宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词、从句等。语法精练:1.——Howareyoutoday? —Oh,TA.didn"tfeelfeltasillasTdonowforaB.wasn，tfeelingverylongtime・C.don,tfeelD.haven，t2.3.-「dliketofilmforA.intends-Youhavent~VmsorryTonyou.A.wasn，4.Theants5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.it.gotothecinemawithyou,adultsonly.B・isintendedC.Dad?-Sorry,myisbeingintendeddarling,buttheD.issaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeanythingabutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit，tsayingwerebusyB.don"tsaycarryingearthinC.won，theirmouthstsaytogettheintendingit?saprettyD.didn"tsayentraneetotheirnest•A.beingstopped-Alice,whydidn，tyoucomeyesterday?I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hasB.wou1dC.wasgoingto--Areyougoingtothemeeting?--No.ThemeetinguntilnextMonday.A.willbeputoffB・isbeingputoffC・hasTheteachertoldthechildrenthatA.boilsB.boiledupB・stoppedupThewaterwi11befurtherA.wi11betakenB・arepollutedtakenHeA.togetmeataxi,offered;hastakenhasoffered;tookbutIC.PeopleoftenwanttoknowwhatA.askB・amaskingTheworkersC.tobestoppedD.didD・stoppingupbeenat100C.wasboi1ingunlesssomewaterputoffdegreesD.ismeasuresD・hasputoffcentigrade・boilingD.havetakenthebusdowntoOxfordStreet.C・weretakenB.hadoffered;D.wouldoffer;myjobis.OftenTC.getaskedthecarbusi1ywhenMrs.BrownwenttogetatoolheA.wererepairing;hadleftC.hasrepaired;hadleftAl1thepreparationsfortheA・completedC.hadbeencompletedShal1TsendthisreportYes,please・AndIA.gottoShirley_toflyB.gettowastakingtookthatquestion.D・getaskingthere-B.wererepairing;leftD.hadrepaired;lefttask,andwe，rereadytostart.B.completeD.havebeencompletedthemanager?toLondonnextTuesday.C・willgettoD.havegottoabookaboutChina1astyearbutTdon，tknowwhethershehasfinishedA.haswrittenB.waswritingnottotouchtheVisitorsA.willrequestB・requestWhydon"tyourideyourbike?C.hadwrittenexhibits・C.arerequestingD・wroteD.arerequested IiteveryA.rodeB.17.ItmorethanA・willbe;begins18WehavesentouttwobestplayersWei1,notyet.Wehavefew,A・tochooseB・tochoosefromC.daythisweek.T"mtiredofridingnow・haveriddenC.havebeenriddingD.doride100yearsbeforethewholeareatolookasitdid.B・is;beginsc.tois;beganD.was;beginsthesportsmeet.Whataboutyou?dsay.chosenD・tobechosen19.TheboxofcoinswassaidbyaChineseinthelate19：，century.A.tobeburiedB.tohavebeenburiedC・beingburiedD・tobury20.Wetoseeher,butfoundshewasout.A.wantedB.hadwantedC.wouldwantD.waswanting21.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingfeltC.feelsD・isfelt22.Iwouldrathergotoworkasusualthaninhospital.A.gettingtreatedB.togettreatedc.gettreatedD.treated23.IwonderwhyJennyUSrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn"twrittenB.doesn"twriteC・won9twriteD.hadn,twritten24.Shethattheproblem.A.istoId;wasbeingsettledB.wastold;wassettied C.told;wassettledD・wastoId;hadbeensettled24.ThereportsaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel25.Heagainandagain,buthedidttel1methetruth.A.hadaskedB.wasaskedC・hadbeenaskedD・asked答案：1---5DBDBC6---10CABBC11---15ADDBD16---20CABBB21—26CCADC