2016届高中英语语法复习第三讲情态动词讲练 3页

三情态动词语法精讲情态动词是历年高考英语命题中不可缺少的考察内容。它涉及谈话所说的内容的态度和看法,或者表主观设想及其他情态意义的助动词。正确掌握其用法是解题的关键。英意义与用法如下：一.表推测对现在的推测对过去的推测JLJti宀冃疋否定肯定否定mustdocan，tdomusthave+V-edcar/thave+V-edcoulddocouldn,tdocouldhave+V-edcouldthave+V-edmaydomaynotdomayhave+V-edmaynothave+V~edmightdomightnotdomighthaveV-edmightnothaveV-ed表推测性用法的含义may:a）许可b）祝愿cana）能力b）许可c）惊异，怀疑，不相信的态度must3）必须b）必然oughttoa）应该（义务和责任）shoulda）应该b）用于各种虚拟语气willa）请求，建议b）意愿，意欲c）总是，惯于shalla）坚持（要）b）意图c）允诺，命令，威胁need3）需要dare3）胆敢二.表可能性理论可能性can,could现在可能性肯定句may,might,could疑问句can否定句maynot（可能不）,can"t（不可能）将来可能性many,might1）对现在状态的推测：mustbe2）对现在动作的推测:mustbedoing3）对过去的推测：musthavedone4）对将来的推测：mustdo5）表责备或批评:should/oughtto/needn,t…+havedone例1.IsJohncomingbytrain?Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may理解语义是作出正确判断选择的前提。从题干得知说话人此处为对未来可能发生的事作岀推测在谈及将來情况时：A项mustnot表示不可以仃t"sforbidden）B项cannot表示不可能（Tt"simpossible）C项neednot表示不必（Tt"snotnecessary*）D项maynot表示可能不会（It"spossible***not…） 表达了与此语境相符的推测语气，所以本题最佳答案为D项。例2・Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,youhomewithoutaword.A・mustn，tleaveB・shouldn，thaveleftC・couldthaveleftD.needn?tleave此题的意义是：我真为你担心，你本不应该不说一句话就离开了家。表过出本不该做而实际已经做了，要用should/oughtto+havedone结构。mustn,tleave是一定不要离开家的意思。needn,tleave是不必离开家的意思。无论是语意还是时态，这两者不合题意。couldn,thaveleft是表推测，不可能离开家的意思。本题题干中要求选用表达说话人认为是一-种“不应该”或“不可取”的行为，应该用B项shouldn?thaveleft。例3.AreyoucomingtoJeff，sparty?1，mnotsure,Tgotoconcertinstead.A.mustwouldC.shouldD・might选项A和C表“我必须”，那么，上下不应有mquitesure”。而应是“I"mnotsure”。B项would表自己愿意，不符合题意。选项D含不确定因素，与"I"mnotsure”的意思相吻合。might在此陈述的不是过去吋间，而是将来时•间。例4.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A・shouldB.canC.mustD.will从题屮得知，寄存处是行李可以短暂寄存的地方，尤其是在铁路，车站。A项should表应该B项C3n表许可，可以C项must表必须D项wi11表意愿与题屮意境相符的一项应是B项can.从以上例题可以看出，只有掌握情态动词不同的形式和用法，才能在特定语境屮正确使用情态动词。语法精练:1.AcomputerA.can，tthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.B・couldn"tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything・Howitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must3.Petercomewithustonight,butheisn"tverysureyet・A.mustB.mayC.canD.will4.AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?T?mnotsure・Igototheconcertinstead.5.A.mustCouldTB.wouldC.shouldD.mightborrowyourdictionary?courseyouB.willYes,ofA.mightIhearyou，vegotlook?C.canD.shouldsetofvegetableAustraliancoins.IhaveaYes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should7.Writetomewhenyougethome. 9.10.A.mustB.havetoC.willD・shouldShallItellJohnaboutit?No,you,TvetoldhimA.needtB.wouldn,tJohnny,youA.won，t;can，tshouldn,tplaywiththeB.mustalready.C.knife,getaher?mustnyouC.D.shouldn"thurtyourself・shouldn，t;mustD・can，t;TpromiseherdaughterWillitbeabigsurprisetoA.shouldB.mustC.wou1dnicepresentonherbirthday.D.shal111・Sir,youbesittinginthiswaitingroom・Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.A.oughtn，ttoB.can"tC・won，tD.needn?t12.Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itacomfortablejourney.A.can"tbeB.shouldn，tC・mustn,thavebeenD.couldn"thavebeen13・Sorry,Tamlate.Thaveturnedoffthealarmandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will14.JackA.yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.mustn，thavearrivedB.shouldn"thavearrivedC.can，thavearrivedD.neednothavearrived15.wonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay答案：1—5AABDC6—10BCCBD11—15ADACD