2016届高中英语语法复习第十二讲定语从句讲练 5页

十二定语从句语法精讲在复合句屮修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句屮担任句子成分。注意：1.关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。2.关系代词who,which,that在限定性定语从句屮做动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但as—般不省仞2十既可指人，又可指物，在定语从句屮可做主语，宾语(可省略)Thisisthefirstsumofmoney(that)thechildren^sfamilyhasreceived.Thisisnottheonlyapplethathasrottenaway.Whothatknowshimwouldbelievehim?He"schanged.He，snotthemanthathewas.T"11neverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.下列情况下，往往在下面几种情况下只用that引导定语从句：A.先行词是不定代词：al1,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如：Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.B.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：Thefirstlessonthat1learnedwillneverbeforgotten.C.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some修饰时。例如：1havereadal1thebooks(that)yougaveme.D.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。例如:Heistheonlypersonthat1wanttotalkto.E.先行词既有人又有物时。例如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.F.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句应用that,以免与先行词重复。Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?脳，c力指物，在定语从句屮做主语，宾语，定语ThisistheHepaidthecleanedforSheheardahouse(that/which)hevisitedlastyearboytendollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn，tbeenatleastayear.terriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth・CarolsaidtheworkcouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersoriallyTdoubtverymuch.Isthisthemuseumwhichwevisitedlastyear?Thescienceofmedicine,inwhichprogresshasbeenveryrapidlately,isperhapsthemostimportantofal1thesciences.Isthisthehousewhichthegreatmusicianwasbornin?Shelikestousewordsofwhichthemeaningsarecleartohim.Thestoriesaboutthissecretperson,ofwhichthisisoneexample,arewidelyspreadamongpeople.Whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语；英先行词不仅可指人，还物；Whose在定语从句屮与它所修饰的名词一起可做介词宾语，还可以与介词放在先行词与从句Z间; whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替whose,但词序不同，即whose+名词二the+名词+ofwhich例如：Thatsthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.TtwasameetingwhoseimportaneeTdidiTtrealizeatthetime.Tsawsometreeswhose1eaveswereblackwithdisease.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMr.Kingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.Tom,onwhosebikeTwenttoschoolisafriendofmine・ThenovelwhosetitleisRedandBlackisveryinteresting(=thetitleofwhich)He1ivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth(=thewindowofwhich)assuch•••asthesame•••as注意与such…that引导结果状语从句的区别关系代词which和as在定语从句屮的区别是：which不能放句首，而as则可以；在句屮时，as有“正如”、“就象”之意,而which则没有。Ashasbeenarinounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.(2003上春)Sheissuchagoodteacherasweallloveandrespect.Sheisagoodteacherthat/whoweal1loveandrespect.Sheissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecther.Suchworkersasattendedtheconferencehadtopaytheirownexperises.Shakespearwrotesuchplaysascouldonlyhavebeentheworkofagenius.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.as做宾语Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.as做状语Twanttohavesuchadietionaryashehas.as做宾语Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard・as做宾语Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinoutclass.常用的这种类似插入语的句式有asissaidabove,asisknowntoall,asitis等。Thewaythat/inwhich/^用任何引导词Doyoulikethewayhespeakstoyou?Wedon"tlikethewayinwhichhetalkedtohismother.Thereasonwhy/that/forwhichTknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatthereasonwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?关系副词when,where引导定语从句Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years・Twi11neverforgetthedaywhenImettheactor.Thisisthehousewherehe1ivedlastyear.Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneonacomputer.Gonearethedayswhentheworkingpeoplesufferedfromcoldandhunger・注意：1.定语从句与强调句型的区别Ttwasthestreetwheretheaccidentoccurred.Ttwasinthestreetthattheaccidentoccurred2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：1.从意义上：同位语从句对名词或补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修饰、限定，相当于一个形容词的作用。 1.从结构上：同位语从句由连接代词/副词引导，最常用的连接词that一般不省略，也不在从句屮担任成分，而定语从句由关系代词/副词引导，that在定语从句屮做主语不能省略，做宾语可省略。2.从含义上：同位语从句与所说明、解释的句词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所修饰的句词是该从句逻辑上的主、宾、表、定、状语等。例如A.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamearrivedsoon.（|司位语从句。Thenews和thattheyhadwonthegame无逻辑关系）B.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdayistrue.（定语从句thenews在定语从句屮相当于told的逻辑宾语）3.同位语从句说明、解释的句词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名，而定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词无限制，既可指人、又可指物。1.Alecaskedthepolicemanheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident・A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD・whom2.ThegentlemanA.whoyoutoldB.aboutwhommeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.C.whomD.withwhom3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyearshasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmer,4.CanyouthinkA.whichB.B.when;whichC.outasituationwhen;whoD・which;thatthisidiomcanbeused?thatC.whereD.withwhich5.Myglass,A.whichIwaslikeablindman,fel1tothegroundandbroke.B.withwhichC.withoutD・withoutwhich6.7.TwassoeagertoleavethatwhenTstoodinthehall,readytoleave,Ididn?teventhinkofsayinggood-byetothesomanyweeks.A.bywhomThisistheB.ofwhomC.with9.A.TheA.Mr.whichfriendswhomverybuildingB.thatC.whereD.inwhichThadeatenandsleptforD.withwhichbeenlookingforthewholemorning.TspendonmathsismuchmorethanonEnglish.thatB.whenC.atwhichD・duringwhichGreendroveslowlyonthewayhomeunti1hereachedthehighway,timetheA.becauseB.whichC.whereD.that10.HearrivedinNewYork,sometimelater,hebecameawriter・A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which11.rveboughtsuchacomputerwasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it12.Hi