师范大专《英语语法与写作》教案教案11、不定式 4页

Lecture11Infinitive(I)Englishverbshavethreenon-finiteforms:infinitive,-ingparticipleand-edparticiple.Inthepresentlecturewewillstartoffwiththeinfinitive.11.1FormsoftheinfinitiveGrammaticalformsTheinfinitivehasnotensedistinctions,norpersonornumbercontrasts・Buttheycanbepassiveandtakethesimple,progressive,perfectiveandperfectiveprogressiveforms.e.g.Hemadeuphisniindtosellthehouse.HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.人们认为他住在墨西哥。Heissaidtohavebeenapopularsinger.据说他已经是个很红的流行歌手。ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic・Negativeinfinitive:notornevertodoe.g.Theydecidednottocallofftheplan.他们决定不取消这个计划。Trynottodisappointyourparents.请别让你的双亲失望。Shewishednevertoseehimagain.To-infinitiveandbareinfinitiveTherearetwotypesofinfinitive:to-infinitiveandbareinfinitive.Thefollowingisasummingupofthesituationsinwhichthebareinfinitiveisused:1)Senseverb+object(feel,hear,see,watch,observe,listento,lookat,notice);causativeverb+objcct(lct,make,have)感觉动词后作宾补的不定式要省去toe.g.Ifeltthehouseshake.我感觉房子在颤动。Hisneighborobservedastrangergointohishouse.他的邻居看到有一个陌生人进入他的家。Haveyounoticedhercry?你有没有注意到她哭了？ Hewon"thaveuscriticizehiswork.Note:变为被动语态时不能省去toHewasseentotakethemoney.有人看见他拿了钱。Hewasmadetoleaveschoolbyhisfather"sdeath.他父亲的去世使他不得不辍学。1)helpsb・doortodoe.g.Shehelpedme(to)hangthecurtains.她帮我挂窗帘。Thisbookcanhelpyou(to)arrangeyourtimescientifically.Note:变为被动语态时不能省去toTheboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.那男孩由一个妇人帮他捡散乱一地的硬币。2)Prep,except/but(to)doe.g・Idon^thaveanychoiceexcept(but)togiveuptheplan・Therewasnothingforthemtodobutremainsilent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别的办法。Ididnotknowwhattodowiththedyingcatexceptclaspittomybosom.对这只快要死去的猫，我除了把它紧抱在怀里，再不知该怎么办。3)LikewiseinsomeSVCconstructions,ifthesubjectcontainsaformofthemainverbdo,theinfinitiveinthecomplementmaybewithorwithoutto.当主语部分有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to,如没冇实义动词do,表语中的to不能省略。e.g.Whatwecandois(to)continuetowait.我们所能做的就是继续等待。Thethingforthemtodealwithis(to)managetoraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject.他们要应付的事情就是设法筹集到这项工程所需的足够的资金。4)cannotbut,canbut(=canonly),cannothelpbut,can"tchoosebut,hadbetter,would(will,could)youplease,may(might)aswell,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldassoon••-as等习惯用法屮不带tOoe.g.Shecannothelpbutweepatthepainfulnews.1斤至U那令人悲痛的消息，她忍不住哭泣起來。 Iwouldsoonerresignthanworkunderthatboss.我宁愿辞职也不愿在那个老板手下工作。Willyoupleasedrivemehome?可否请你开车送我回家？Icanbutdomyduty.我只能尽我的职责。Iwouldjustassoongobytrainasdrive・Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.好朋友去世时，你不禁会感到悲伤。Note:canbut与cannotbut意思不同。canbut只能,仅仅能cannotbut=must,tobeforcedto只好,必须，一定，不得不6）ratherthan/soonerthantakestheinitialposition（=insteadof）c.g.Ratherthancausetrouble,heleft.Soonerthanmarrythatman,shewouldearnherlivingasawaitress•Note:Whenratherthantakesotherpositionsinthesentence,thefollowinginfinitivemaybewithorwithoutto.e.g.Hedecidedtogofishingrathertanstayinthedictionary.Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryrathertantoincreasewages・7）why/whynotdoe.g.Whynotcomeandseemetomorrow?明天来找我怎么样？Whygiveuptheplan?8）Thebareinfinitivecanbecombinedwithamainverbtoformsomefixedcombinationssuchas:letfall（故意说出）,letgo（放开）,letslip（失言）,makedo（凑合）,makebelieve（假装）,hearsay/heartell（听说）e.g.Canwemakedowithcannedfoodtonight?Hemadebelievehewasrich.Heletfallahintofhisintention.9）Thebareinfinitivecanalsobeusedinthefollowingidiomaticexpressions-Thisuseof thebareinfinitiveisrestrictedtocombinationwiththesefewverbs.e.g.Gopostaletterforme.Comehaveachatwithme.Tryeatalittle・Flltryhelphim.11.1SomefewnotesontheuseoftheinfinitivesignInfinitivesignusedaloneToavoidrepetition,theinfinitivesigncansometimesbeusedalone.Thiskindofomissionisquitecommonininformalstyle.c.g.Youmaygoifyouwantto(go).如果你想去,你就去。1wontdoit,unless1haveto(doit).除非不得已,否则这事我是不会做的。EllipsisoftheinfinitivesignWhentwoto-infinitivesarecoordinatedbyandoror,thesecondtoisusuallyomittedunlessthereisacontrastivemeaning.e.g・Iintendtocallonhimanddiscussthisquestionagain・Note:Whenthereisacontrastivcmeaning,thesecondtomustberetained・Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.Ifthereisnocoordinatorbetweenthecoordinateinfinitive:Pleasegotoseasidetoswim,togetsimtanned•(晒黑)Ifasequenceofinfinitivesoccurinaparallelconstruction:Thestudentmustlearntoreadextensively,toanalyzewhathereadsandtosummarizethemainpointspresented.11.2TopicfordiscussionInfinitivetoorprepositionto(refertoST334-338)