六年级上册英语语法讲义情态动词的用法及考点强化训练阅读与写作综合训练牛津上海版（一起） 14页

授课日期时间主题情态动词must的用法及考点强化训练；阅读与写作综合训练学习目标（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）1.学会使用情态动词；2.阅读拓展训练；3.养成整理错题的习惯，善用精锐学霸错题本。教学内容教学建议：1、根据上节课预习思考的要求，让学生讲讲不同情态动词的区别；2、老师引导学生根据情态动词另外再造儿句话，从而总结出情态动词的用法。（此部分15分钟左右。）一、观察以下图片，找出每句话中的情态动词并思考情态动词所表示的含义。Theboyhasbeenplayingcomputergamesforthreehours，whatmusttheboydonow?Whatshecando?Theroomisinamass,whatshouldthestudentsdo? 二、英语中还有哪些情态动词，动手搜集一下吧。（4个）Keys:may/haveto/need/dare/hadbetter等一美国教授在上课，有个学生问道:“CanIgotothebathroom?”教授回答："Idon"tknow.Youmustknowifyoucangotothebathroom.^^这里学生想表达的意思很明显：我能去上厕所吗？教授当然也明白他的意思，只是故意逗他玩的.Can也有表示”人具有某种能力“，比如上厕所的能力。所以教授说“我不知道（你有没有这个能力），你自己应该知道你有没有能力上厕所。’‘其实跟人提请求用can是不太礼貌的，最好是说Could/MayI或者Wouldyoumind...等等，这也是教授跟他开玩笑的原因。教学建议：上面通过can这个情态动词引出本课的专题一一情态动词。小故事也说明了情态动词随便使用时会闹笑话的所以要清楚它们具体的使用语境。看图讨论常见的情态动词及其用法。（此部分60分钟左右；是本节课的重点。讲练结合。）教学建议：建议讲解前，让学生自我挑出不认识的单词，然后相互学习，看是否能解决。老师讲解完毕后，让学生相互之间抢答竞赛，优先说出单词或者汉语意思的学生获胜。情态动词【知识梳理1】概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添感情色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等的动词。特征:★不能单独作谓语，须和行为动词或系动词连用共同构成谓语；★无人称和数的变化； ★后接动词原形（do/be）★具有助动词作用（可用來构成否定句，疑问句及简明冋答情态动词基本用法1)can/could表示能力，意为“能、会”。Twoeyescanseemorethanone・Couldthegirlreadshewenttoschool?(2)表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may。Youcangonow.CanIhavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room・(3)较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?注意：情态动词的过去式除了表示过去的时间这一用法外，更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。尤其在出现在宾语从句主句中时，并不影响从句的时态。2)may/might(1)表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike・Hetoldmethat1mightsmokeintheroom.May(Might)Iaskforphotoyourbaby?(2)表示祝愿，常用于倒装结构中：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Mayallyourdreamscometrue!愿你梦想成真！3)must(1)表示“必须”、“应当”。Wemustloveourcountry.我们要热爱ILL国。Imusttakeadayofftomorrow.我明天必须请一天假。(2)must的否定式(mustift)表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等，语气比较强烈。Youmustn"tspeakloudlyinthelibrary.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。Wemustn"twasteourtime.我们不应该浪费时间。4)need⑴作情态动词时，接动词原形。仅用于否定句和疑问句，否定直接加not(ncedift)—Needweleavesoon? —Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn!t)Youneedn"thavehurried・(2)作实义动词时，接带to的不定式。否定和疑问借助助动词完成(如didyouneed?didn"tneed)Heneedstoseeadoctor.Theydidn"tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)【例题精讲】例：用can或could填空1)Fmreallyhungry・Ieatahorse!2)It"ssonicehere.IstayherealldaybutIhavetogo.3)HIcan"tfindmybag.Haveyouseenit?nuNo,butitbeinthecar.n4)Peterisamusician.Heplaystheviolinandhealsoplaythepiano.5)Theweatherisnicenowbutitchangelate匚Keys:1)could2)could3)could4)can5)_could【巩固练习】选择最佳答案填空：1)一IborrowyourMP3?——Sure.Hereyouare.A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Would2)血goandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswe匚A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD・can;may3)EmnotsureifIllbefreethen.Iworkingthatweekend.A・mustbeB.shouldbeC・maybeD.canbe4)—IvisitLucyonSunday,Mum?—Yes,you•A.Must;canB.May;mayC.Need;needD.May;need5)Petercomewithustonight,butheisn"tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.willKeys：1)A2)D3)C4)B5)B选择填空1・Studentswearuniformsatschool.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need2.Wetalkorspeakloudlyinpublicplaceslikehospitals,librariesorcinemas・A.needn"tB.mustrftC.maynotD.don"t.3.youtellmehowtoimprovemymemory?A.DoB.CanC.MustD.Should4.1neitherreadnorwriteatthattime・A.canB.mayC.mustD.could5.TheconductorsaidIgetoffatthenextstop・A.mustB.hadtoC・havetoD.wouldhaveto6.Youtalksoloud.A.don"thaveB.neednlC・don"tneedD・notneed 5.Childrencrossbusystreetstogotoschool.A.haven^ttoB.don,haveC・don"thavetoD.nothaveto6.一Canchildrenundertheageoftenridebicyclesinthecity?—No.Accordingtothelaw,they.A・maynotB.needn"tC・mustn"tD.shouldn"t7.—MustIwatertheflowerstoday?一.Ifsgoingtorain.A.No,youneedn"tB.No,youcan"tC.No,youmaynot.D.Yes,youmust8.一Iparkmycarhere?一Sorry,Tmafraidyou.Canyouseethesign"NoParking^here?A・Can...canB.Need...maynotC.May...can"tD.May...needn"tKeys:1-5ABBDD6-10BCCAC阅读拓展【知识梳理2】一、完型填空命题特点一、重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。二、重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词,当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。三、重首句首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。四、重快速领悟文章主旨的能力完形填空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。紺要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性。一般说來大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定词数，留出一个空格，不连续设空。关系过于密切时，只设一个选项。如果两个相互依存，关系密切的单词或短语都设为选项，就会形成错一个等于错两个，对一个等于对两个的现象。五、重对文章的整体把握能力对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握。六、重考査排除干扰、完形词义的能力完形填空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。二、解题指导 1、五个根据解答完形填空题，有以下五条“根据S1）根据首句暗示。完形填空首句往往不设空，是个完整的句子，通过它可以了解全文，判断文章的大意或主题，建立正确的思维导向，对解题非常关键。2）根据逻辑推理。考生要懂得根据文段意思和日常生活经验及科普常识等进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。3）根据语言结构。就是根据选项所在句的对比结构、排比结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。4）根据词语复现。词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。利用词语的复现，对解题很有帮助。5）根据前后语境。完形填空中绝大多数题是要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。有的根据上文，有的根据下文，有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择【例题精讲】例Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）TomandFredaretalkingaboutthefuture.nWhatwillourworldbe]inthefuture?"asksTom."Idon"tknow,"saysFred."Whatdoyouthink?"”Well,nooneknows,butit"sfuntoguess/*HInthefutureeverybodywillbegoodatusingcomputers-Thecomputerwillbesmallerandlighter.Itwillgivepeopletheanswerstoalltheirproblems.Weshallhavevisionphones（电视电话）notonlyathomebutalsointhepocket;Wellbeabletotalktoourfriendsat2timeandseeeachotheraswell.”MAlotofpeoplewillliveandworkinaspacestationordeepdownunderthesea.Perhapstherewillbeawholecityinspaceorunderthewater.n"Machineswilldomostofthework.Sopeoplewillenjoymoreholidays.They"llbeabletovisit3starsinspaceshuttles（航天飞机）onholidays/1MIhopetoflytothemoon,thenMars（火星），andsomeothers.Fmlookingtothis!"nAndIamlongingtoliveundertheseaandwatchbeautifulseaplantsandfishes/1n5greatfunthefuturewillbe!Let"skeepourfingerscrossed（祈祷）fortherealizationofourdreams•”Themoretheyimagine,themoreexcitedTomandFredbecome・（）1.A.asB・seemedC.changeD.like（）2.A.someB.oneC.anyD.every（）3.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.else（）4.A.forwardB.forC.atD.around（）5.A.HowB.WhileC.WhatD.SuchKeys:l.D2.C3.C4.A5.C例2：Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Canarobotrunawayfrompeoplebyitself?SomebelieveRobotPhilmight.PhilisarobotmadebyAmericanscientists.InJanuary,itwasmissingonanairplane.N1knowswhereitis. Philisoneofthec2robotsintheworld.PeoplenameditafterAmericansci-fiwriterPhilipDick.PhillookslikePhilipDick.Itsskinlooksreal.Itcanrememberpeopleandu3theirbodylanguage.Iteventalkstopeople・Thevoices4likearealperson.PhilipDickdiedmorethan20yearsago.Hewrotestoriesabouthowsmartrobotsbecamecleverandranaway.CouldPhilnrunaway”too?Somesayyes.ButPhiTsmakersdonfta5Theysaytherobotisn"tthatsmart."WeTestilltryinghardtofindPhil/"theysaid.1■N2.c3.u4.s5.aKeys:1.Nobody2.cleverest3・understand4・sounds5.agree【巩固练习】AHItwasmyclock...Itfailedtowakemeupthismorningand...n"Don"tsayanythingaboutit!Hhisteacher5him・"Don"ttrytocomelatenexttime!"Samsaidyesandwalkedtohisseatquickly.Butwhenhetriedtodothepaper,hecouldnotthinkinarightway.Heputhisheadonthedeskandsaid,"Whatabaddayithasbeenforme!"()1・A.answerB.giveC.putD.find()2.A.talkB.partyC・examD.meeting()3.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast()4.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful()5.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stoppedA.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)Whatwillourworldbelikeintheyear2046?Noonek_1•Butitsfuntoguess.In2046everybodywillcarryapocketc2Itwillgivepeopletheanswertoalltheirproblems.Wewillhavetelephoneinourpockets,t3•Wecantalktoourfriendsallovertheworld.Perhapswecanseethematthesametime.Machineswilldomostofthework,andsopeoplewillhavem4holidays.Perhapstheywillworko5twoorthreedaysaweek.1•k2.c3.t4.m5.oKeys:A:l.A2.C3D4.C5.DB:1.knows2.computer3.too4.more5.only （此部分测试时间为20分钟左右，讲评时间为15分钟左右。对本次所学内容进行检测）教学建议：1.规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；2.相互交换批改，表扬速度最快及正确率最高的学生；3.做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；4.让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。5.指导学生把错题整理在学霸错题本上。选择题1."Needwedothisjobnow?""Yes,A.youneedB.youshouldC・youmustD.youcan2.tohavelunchwithustoday?A.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikedD.Haveyouliked3.HesaidthatyouwatchTValltheeveningifyouwished・A.mayB.mustC・canD.might4.Michaelbeapoliceman,forhe"smuchtooshort・A.needrftB.canftC.shouldn"tD.wont5.Comeon!Wehurrybecausethereisn"tmuchtimeleft.A.mayB.mustC.canD.need6•—Let"sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.-It"snotfar.Wetakeataxi.A.needn"tB.can"tC.mustn^tD.couldn"t7.Youplaywithfire,Tom.ItMverydangerous・A.needn"tB.maynotC・mustiTtD.wouldn"t&—Excuseme,youtellmethewaytothenearestbusstation?—Sorry,Ican,・I"mastrangerhere.A.canB.needC・mustD.may9.Aftersuchalongjourney,thechildrenbeverytirednow.A.canB.mustC.havetoD.need10.-Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?—No,youneedn"t・Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must11.—CouldIlookatyourpictures?-Yes,ofcourseyou・A.couldB.canC.willD.might12.—Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?—Sure,butyouhelpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could13.-Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?-Fdloveto.ButFmafraidI・Ihavetoomuchworktodo. A.can"tB.mustrftC.needn^tD.maynot9.~youliketogoshoppingwithme?-Yes,I・A.Would,wouldB.Will,willlikeC.Would,wouldloveD.Would,wouldloveto10.■一Iwastoldtobeherebeforeseven.■一Oh,you・I"msorryfornottellingyouthatwehavechangedtheplan.A・mustB.can"tC.mayD.needn"tKeys:1-5CBDBB6-10ACABD11-15BCADDA.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)Firecanhelppeopleinmanyways.Butitcanalsobevery丄•Firecankeepyourhouse2,givelightandcookfood.Butfirecanburnthingstoo.Bigfirecanburntrees,houses,animalsorpeople.Nobodyknowshowpeoplebegantousefire.Butthereare3interestingoldstoriesabouthowamanorwomanstartedafire.Oneisaboutaman.Theman4averylongtimeago.Hewentupthesunandbroughtfiredown.Todaypeopleknowhowtomakeafirewithmatches.Childrensometimes5toplaywiththem.Butmatchescanbeverydangerous.Onematchcanburnapieceofpaper,andthenitcouldburnahouse・Asmallfirecanturnintoabigfireveryquickly.Soyoumustbecarefulwithmatches.Becarefulwithfire,anditwillhelpyou.Butifyouaren"tcarefulwithfireanditmayhurtyou.()1.A.hurtB.usefulC.harmfulD.badly()2.A.warmB.coolC.hotD.cold()3・A・manyB.muchC.littleD.no()4.A.workedB.studiedC.learnedD.lived()5.A・enjoyB.likeC.don"tlikeD・becomeA.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)Hollywood,California,intheUSA,isthemoviecenterofthew丄.Youcanvisitthemoviestudiosthere,andseethehousesoffamousmoviestars.InHollywoodinthe1900s,thefirstmovieswereexcitingadventuresandlovestories.Weretheyd2fromthemoviesoftoday?Yes,theywereblackandw3,andtherewasn4sound!Inthe1920s,moviedirectors(导演)startedtocreatetalking1moviesandmoviesbecamemoreandmorep5・Nowadays,directorsbegantousespecialeffectsintheirmovies.InthemovieWhoFramedRogerRabbit(《谁陷害了兔子罗杰》)，thedirectordesigned(设计)acartooncharactercalledRoger.Therabbitactedthecartoonmovietogetherwitharealactor.Ifsreallyveryexciting.1.w2.d3.w4.n5.pKeys:A:l.C2.A3.A4.D5.BB:1.world2.different3.white4.no5.Popular教学建议： 1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。我的总结【我的总结】1・正确使用并区分情态动词can、could>m町、might、need等；1.做完形填空题的方法；教学建议：1.要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；2.下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；3.让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；4.老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。【巩固练习】I.Choosethebestanswer.1.Studentsbecarefulwhentheydochemicalexperimentsinthelab.A.canB.mustC.needD.may2.Mymothermakericedumplings.She"llteachmehowtodoit.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can3.——Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?—No,youneedn"t.Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must4.Wekeepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotectourselves.A.mayB.shouldC.canD.need 1.Susan"sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC・mustn"tD.can"t2.Cars,busesandbikesstopwhenthetrafficlightschangetored・A.canB>mayC.mustD.need3.Computersprocessdifficultproblemsvery,veryquickly.A.mustB.needC・shouldD・can4.-MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy?—No,you•YoumaykeepituntilnextWednesday.Aneedn"tBcan，tCmustDmay5.Toeveryone"ssurprise,Alexlaychessverywellwhenhewasonlyfour.A.mightB.shouldC.wouldD.could6.Everyoneothroughthesecuritycheck(安检)whenenteringtheWorldExpoPark.A.canB.mayC.mustD・oughtKeys:1-5BDDBA6-10CDADCChoosethebestanswer.1)一MayItakethismagazineoutofthereadingroom?一•Pleasereadithere.D.No,youmaynotD・needn"tseeA.CertainlyB.No,youneednrtC.No,youcant2)Manyofthestarsbecausetheyarefarawayfromus.A.maynotseeB・cannotbeseenC・mustn^beseen3)一Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?——No,itbehim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A.can"tB.maynot4)Ihavemyownroominmyhouse,soIA.mustB.havetoC.mustn"tD.needn"tdowhateverIwantinit.C.needtoD.canD.maynotD.shouldA.may9)B.couldC.canyoupassmeapen?Idliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.isableD.Should1)—IspeaktoJill,Mrs.Black?——Sorry,she"snotin.Shebebackafterfive・A.May;needB.Can;mayC.Can;mustD.Must;may2)一Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?一Fdloveto.ButI"mafraidI.1havetoomuchworktodo.A.cantB.mustn"tC.needrft3)一CouldIborrowyourdictionary?一Yes,ofcourseyou•A.mightB.willC.can4)Shedidnrtknowwhereshefindwildroses.10)—Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?一No,youneedn"t・Youcancompleteitthisafternoon. A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must10)Youbecarefulwithfirewhenyouhaveapicnicintheforest.Itstoodangerous・A.willB.mustC・canD.may11)Ifsasecretbetweenyouandme・Youtellanyoneaboutthis・A.mustB.canC・mustn"tD.neednft12)Theflowerseveryday,ortheylldie.A.mustwaterB・canbewateredC・shouldwaterD.mustbewatered13)AlicehasbeeninChinaforseveralyears.Shebeabiggirlnow.A.needB.mustC.canD.may14)I"msorry.Igonow.Myfathertoldmeonthephonethatmymotherwasill.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.thinkKeys:1)D2)B3)C4)D5)B6)A7)C8)B9)B10)D11)B12)C13)D14)B15)CC.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)Billlivedinasmallvillagewithhisfather,motherandalittlesisterNancy・Theylivedfaraway」theotherpeopleofthevillage.Hehadnofriendtoplaytogethe匚Nancywas2youngtoplaywithBill.Duringthelastsummer,hegotagood3Hewrotealetterandsaidinit,nIamaschoolboyandfourteenyearsold.Iwanttohaveafriend・Pleasewritetomeifyougetthis.nHeputtheletterinabottleand4itintotheriverinfrontofhishouse.Hesaidtohimself,nrmafraidthatnobodywillwritetome.H5,thebottlewaspickedupattheseashoreinFrancebyaschoolgirl.ShereadtheletterintheboMleandwrotetoBill.Inherlettershesaid,uHowhappyIamtohaveafriendinEngland.I"mfourteen,too.I"masoldasyou."OnedayBillgottheletterfromagirlinFrance.Hewasverygladtoknowthathisletterswamacrossthesea.)1.A・fromB.among)2.A.toB.very)3.A・storyB.idea)4.A.foundB.got)5.A.AfterthreemonthsC・LaterthreemonthsC.withD・outsideC.tooD.quiteC.thoughtD.excuseC.pulledD.threwB.ThreemonthsbeforeD・untilthreemonthsD.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)ManypeoplewrotetothemanagerofthecinemaandsaidthatsomewomenwatchedfilmswJtheirhatsonandblocktheirview.Theywantedthemanagertop2upanoticeandaskedthewomentotakeofftheirhatswhentheysawfilms.Themanagersaidthatitwouldn"tbepolitetoaskwomentodosoandthathewouldprotecttheirrightstow3theirhats・Butthenextday,thefollowingwordswereonthescreenbeforethefilmwason:HThinkingaboutthehealthofthewomenofoldages,thiscinemaa4oldwomentoweartheirhatswhentheyseefilms/1Allthewomentookofftheirhatsatheysawthenotice.1.w2.p3.w4.a5.a Keys:A:l.A2.C3.B4.D5.AB:1.with2.put3.wear4>allows5.after（此部分旨在对下节课将要学习的内容进行提前预习。可根据下节课主题进行设置。）Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mu叫Ihavealready（已经）cleanedthem. 勤劳的约翰已经刷了牙哦，亲爱的同学动动小脑筋，你还做过哪些事呢?下节课跟小伙伴交流下吧，参考句式：1・我已经去过了・・・2•我已经吃过了・・・3•我已经看过了・・・（卡通片、漫画・・・）