初中英语语法专题二五种基本句型 6页

初中英语语法专题二••…简单句的五种基本句型结构本课重点：1.复习掌握动词八种吋态用法和动词类型2.英语句子结构框架:简单句，并列句，和复合句3.掌握英语五种基本句型结构4.名言警句/Allriversrunintosea.海纳百川。/AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。丁Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的不一定都是金子一.复习检测一一动词时态1.MaryandJoegototheShoppingCenter・A・onceaweekB.inaweekC.nextweekD.foraweek2.Bequiet!Thebaby(sleep)inthenextroom・3.Dickwillpassthemessageontoyoursisterassoonashe(meet)herinherofficetomorrow・4.Thebellfortheclassrangwhilethey(play)ontheplayground・5.Lucysaidit(rain)lateron.7.TheChinesepeople(work)hardtomaketheircountrystrongerandmorebeautiful.8.Hellwritetoyouassoonashe(arrive)inHainan.9.ThestudentsofClassOne(have)ameetingfromthreetofiveyesterdayafternnon.10.Theskyisblack.It(rain),I"mafraid.it(notsnow)tomorrow，we,llgoskating12.MrandMrsGreen(travel)tothesouthofChinanextweek,arerftthey?13」(notsee)thefilmwithyoubecauseI"veseenitalready・14.Hetoldusthathe(stay)heretillthenextweek・15」(lose)mypenthismorning.Ihaven"tfoundityet.16」t"salongtimesincewe(meet)last,isn"tit?17--Iknowyou(choose)apicturebookamongthese・・-Yes,Havealookatit,please・18.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse・19.Myfatherhomefornearlythreeweeks・A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway20.MrandMrsGreenhaveinChinaforaweek・A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reached21.-Where"sMary?-Oh,shethelibrary.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneto二.英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：S+V（主+谓）基木句型二：S+V+P（主+系+表）基本句型三：S+V+0（主+谓+宾）基本句型四:S+V+10+0（主+谓+间宾+直宾）基本句型五：S+V+0+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）基本句型一s+V（主+谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV（不及物动词） 1.Timeflies.2.Themoonrose.3.Themancooked・4.Wealleat,anddrink.5.Everybodylaughed?6.1woke.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Hewalkedyesterday.9.Heisplaying.lO.Theyhavegone.基本句型二S+V+P（主+系+表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,standsV（是系动词）p俵语）l.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Thedinnersmells（闻）good.3.Hefellhappy.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heistallandstrong.6.Thebookisinteresting・7.Theweatherbecamewarmer.8.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三S+V+0（主+谓+宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。sV（实义动词）0（宾语）1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Shelaughather.3.HeunderstandsEnglish・8.Hemadecakes・5.Theyatesomeapples.6・Dannylikesdonuts.7.1wanttohaveacupoftea・4.HesaidMGoodmorning/1基本句型四S+V+10+0（主+谓+|"可宾+直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者Z前时，这一介词往往被省略。sV（及物）o（多指人）0（多指物）1.Shepassedhimanewdress. 2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.3・Shebroughtyouadictionary.4.Heboughthernothing.5.1showedhimmypictures.6.1gavehimahand.7.1toldmehowtorunthemachine.8.Heshowedthatthebuswaslate.基本句型五S+V+0+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。sV（及物）0（宾语）c（宾补）1.Wekeepthetableclean.2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.3.Theycallsupperdinner.4.Theyfoundthehousedirty.5.Whatmakeshimsad?6.Wesawhimout.7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.8.1sawthemgettingonthebus.习题测试1）分析句子成分1.Theyworkhard・2.Theflowerisdead・3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade・6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.2）拓展（1）除了基木句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩人。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（V+O+O.C）为例：Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople"sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。（2）不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He"sgettingangry.（SVP）Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO) You"llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SV0C)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV00)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思：Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。SV0M)Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。(SV0C)Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。一.中考总复习单项选择训练之语法1.Weheretoday・A.areallB・allarec.isalld.allis2.ThemapChinaisthewallourclassroom.A.in,of,onB.of,on,inC・of,on,ofD・ofof,on3.Whafselevenandtwenty?Itis•A.thirty-oneB・thirtyoneB.thirty-twod.thirtytwo4.Whatcolourisanorange?Itis.A.redB.orangeC・whiteD.black5.doyoulikeChina?Ithinkitisverybeautiful.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Which6.Isthereanychickenontheplate?Yes,thereisA.manyB.anyC.oneD.some7.Pleasebuysomefoodfromtheshop.A.onyourwaytohomeB.toyourwayhomeC.onyourwayhomeD.atyourwaytohome8.Theremilkintheglass・A.aren"tmanyB.arerftmuchC.isn"tmanyD.isn"tmuch9.Whyplaywiththoseboys?A.notB.noC.dorftD./10.Doyouusuallygotoschoolfoot?A.onB.inC.atD.by11.MrGreensuppernow.Heoftensupperathalfpastsix.A.ishaving,haveB.ishaving,hasC・has,hasD.have,have12.ZhangMingisgoodChinese.Heoftenhelps_it.A.is,mewithB.at,IwithC.at,mewithD.on,Iin13.Mayshewithyou?A.comeB.comesC・comingD.comes14.Myfatherhadabusyday.A.thedaybeforeyesterdayB.tomorrowC・nextSaturdayD.everyday15.Pleaseshownewpicturebook.A.heyourB.hisyouC・himyourD・himyou16.willyoustaythere?A.HowlongB.WhattimeC.HowoftenD.When17.TheGreensworkinginthegardennow.A.amB.isC.areD.were18・Doesheoftenhismothertheroom?A.help,cleansB.help,cleanC・helps,cleaningD.helps,clean19.Mustwefinishourhomeworknow?No,you.Youfinishitafterschool.A.needn"t,mayB・mustrft,mayC・can"tcanD.needn"t,must20.Wouldyouliketoeat?A.anythingdifferentB.differentanythingC.somethingdifferentD.differentsomething21.Hecanswim..A.SoIcanB.SocanIC・IsocanD・CanIso22.Willtherebeastrongwind_thenorththeHuangheRiver?A.to...ofB.to...offC・at...ofD.on,off23.Diditsnowlastnight?A.heavyB.heavilyCQuickD.fast24.colditistoday!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata25.Isthisbookdifferentthatone?A.aboutB.atC.toD.from26.It"stimeforourlesson.Stop・A.playingB.toplayC・playsD.played27.Helpyourselfsomefish.A.atB.tooC.toD・on28.Herearesomepictures.A.ofhimB.ofheC.abouthimD.abouthis 19.Thebookonthedesk・A.noislongerB.noIongerisC・isnoIongerD・noIonger20.Thenwearoundbutnothing.A.looked,lookedB.saw,lookedC・saw,sawD.looked,saw21.ZhangLanisill.Letmegotothemeetinginstead・A.ofsheB.ofherC・offsheD.offhe22.Whichisthewaythenearesthospital?A.inB.tooC.toD.at23.Nicetoyou?A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.talks24.MyparentswanttogototheMonkeyIsland.A.allB.bothC.everyD.other25.-Doyoulikefootball?-No,Ihaveinterestinit.A.alittleB.afewC.littleD.few26.Lucyrunsmuchfasterthaninherclass・A.anyothergirlB.anygirlC・allgirlsD.everygirl27.Whathashethemeat?Hehasjustcookedit・A.takecareofB・catchupwithC・donewithD.paidfor28.LilythinksforeignIanguagesareasasscieneesubjects.A.importantB・mostimportantC.moreimportantD.importantest29.Wouldyoupleaseitagainlikethat?A.notreadB.nottoreadD.readsD.reading30.I"llphoneyouassoonasI.A.gettohomeB.gottohomeC・gethomeD.gothome31.Youmustkeepyoureyes.A.closedB・closeC.beclosedD・toclosed32.Afarmerarrivedawomen"shouse.A.inB・atC.toD.for43・Katesaysthatsheamessageonthedesk.A.willleaveB.IeaveC.willgiveD.give44.Hehastwokites,oneisbig,issmall.A.theotherB.anotherC.otherD.others45.Computersarethesecondmostusefuloftheworld.A.inventionsB・inventorsC・inventionD.inventor46.OnmywayhomeIsawadogontheground.A.lyingB.liesC・liedD・tolie47.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,?A.isn"tthereB.isitC.isthereD.wasn"tthere.48.Twomonthsquitelongforme.Ican"twait・A.isB.areC.wereD.isgoingtobe49.1don"tknow.A.wheredoesJimliveB.wheredidJimliveC.whereJimlivesD.whereisJimlive50.TheboywasveryinterestedEnglish・A.atB.inC.toD.on一.阅读练习AMr.CoatesworksinanofficeinBrighton‘England,OneSaturday,hewenttotheofficetodosomework・Whenhegotonthelift,itstoppedbetweenfloors.Mr.Coatescouldnotgetoutofthelift,Hestartedtoshout,butnooneheardhim.ThenMr.CoatesrememberedthatitwasaholidayinEngland.NoonewasgoingtocometoworkuntilTuesday!TherewasnothingforMr.Coatestodo.Hehadtowait,Withnothingtoeatordrink,Mr.Coatessleptformostofthetime.EarlyonTuesdaymorning・hiswork-mates(同事)cameintoworkandfoundtheliftwasnotworking.Whentheliftwasopened,Mr.Coatescameout.Hewascold,weak,andtired.Hehadbeenintheliftfor62hours!NowMr.Coatessays/"IonlyuseliftsiftheyhavetelephonesinthemH.()66Whycouldn"tMr.Coatesgetoutofthelift?BecauseAnsomethingwaswrongwiththeliftitwastheweekendC、itwasinanofficeD、itwasaholiday()67>Inthelift,therewas.AnfoodwaterC、atelephoneD、nothing()68、WhatdidMr.Coatesdointhelift?A^Heshouted・B、Heslept.C、Hewaited.D^Alloftheabove.()69、Howlongwasheinthelift?AnFormorethantwodays•B、ForthewholeSaturday. C>Fortheweekend.D>SincelastTuesday・（）70、Accordingtothestory,whichofthefollowingistrue?A、NowMr.Coatesisalittleafraidoftakingalift.B、NowMr.Coateslikestakingalift.CxNowMr.Coatesneveruseslifts•D、NowMr.Coatesonlyusesliftsiftheyhavenotelephonesinthem.BTheOlympicGamesstartedinGreece（希月昔）in1896.TheGamesareheldoncefouryears・ManypeoplehopetheOlympicGamescanbeheldintheirowncountries・AbouttencitiesareinterestedinbiddingfortheOlympicGamesof2008・"Beijing,TorontoandParisarethemostimportantcitiesbiddingfortheOlympicGamesof2008."saidRichardW.Pound,theIOC"s（奥委会）firstvicepresident（副主席）."ThehostcityoftheOlympicGamesof2008willbedecidedattheIOCmeetinginMoscowinJulythisyear・BeijingisgettingreadyforthembecauseitnearlybecamethehostoftheOlympicGamesof2000,andTorontoandParisalsostrongpower（竞争力）"saidPoundatanIOCmeeting.TheOlympicGamesof2000wereheldinSydney.OurplayersdidverysellintheGames.NowweareallveryexcitedandwearelookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldbeforeinourcountry・（）71、HowIonghavetheOlympicGameslasted?AnOnehundredyearsB>OnehundredandthreeyearsC>OnehundredandtenyearsD、Onehundredandsevenyears（）72、HowoftenaretheOlympicGamesheld?A^FouryearsB、EverytwoyearsC、EverythreeyearsD^Everyfouryears（）73、Whichofthefollowingsentenceistrue?A、RichardW.poundisthepresidentoftheIOC.B>AmericawillholdtheOlympicGamesof2008.C、ThehostcityoftheOlympicGameof2008willbedecidedin2004.D、RichardW.PoundisoneoftheIOC"svice（副）presidents（总统）.（）74、WhichcountryheldtheOlympicGamesof2000/A.AmericaB、AustraliaC>FranceD、Greece（）75^Theunderlined（划线）parts"biddingfor"and"hostcity"mean.A、申办；主办城市B、寻求；美丽城市C、建立；奥运之都D、盼望；都市风情