小学英语语法精讲 69页

小学英语语法精讲小升初英语复习要点归纳一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示一一个II时用单数，一两个以上II时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用一数词+单位+of+物质名词II的形式，如apieceofbread(—片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some.any.alotof等词去作判断，以免受误导。可数名词单数变复数的规则1.一般情况下，直接加・s,女LI：book-books,bag・bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。2.以“s.x.sh.ch”结尾的可数名词加・es,女口：bus-buses,box-boxes,bi*ush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]o3.以一辅音字母+yII结尾,变“y”为“i”加・es；以“元音字母+yII结尾直接加s如:family-familiesstrawberry-strawberriesboy-boysmonkey・monkeys读音：[z]o4.以一f或fell结尾,变“f或fell为“v”再加・es,如：knife-knives,thief^thieves；★giraffe-giraffesscarf-scarfs/scarves★(以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fc变ves的单词)口诀：1妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌，躲在架下(shelf)保己命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。★(以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“酹的单词)口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)°读音：⑵。5.以一oil结尾的可数名词，分两种情况1)有些+es女口:tomato-tomatoeshcro-hcrocspotato-potatoes读音:[z]2)有些+s如：photo-photosradio-radios读音：[z](以“o”结尾，复数加“es”)口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero),左手拿着西红柿(tomato),右手拿着破土豆(potato),头顶一个大芒果 (mango)o1.单复数同形：fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deerChinese-Chinese(屮国人)，Japanese-Japanese(Fl木人)2.不规则名词复数：man-men,womawomen,policeman-policemen,policewomapolicewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,,person-people,goose-geese(不规则名词变复数)口诀：男人，女人a变c；鹅，足，牙齿oo变cc；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上rem鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格21.在人名的后面加"s,表示某人的.....女口：ThisisTom"sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike"sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词己经是复数撇词尾有s,则仅加一撇。如：theteachers"readingroom教师阅览室thepupils"pcncil-boxcs学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上"s。如：thechildren"spalace少年宫men"sroom男厕所4•如果两人或三人共同拥有一个东西，那么就在最后一个人的名字后加"s;如果各自都有,那么就在每个人的名字后加"s.如:TinaandAmy*sbedroomTina和Amy的卧室(同一间卧室)Amy"s,Tina"sandMike"smotherareteachers.Amy、Tina还有Mike的妈妈们都是老师。*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇"，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。练一练：一、写出下列各词的复数。Ihimthisherwatchmangochildphotomandiarydayfootdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefpeachsandwichpersonwomanleaf二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。3(1)Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?(2)Icanseesome(person)inthecinema.(3)Howmany(day)arethereinaweek? (1)Herearcfive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.(5)This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.三、选词填空 1.TodayisSeptember10th.It"sDay.A.TeacherB.Teacher"sC.Teachers"D.Teacher"2.It"sJune1st,it"sDay.A.ChildrensB.Children"sC.Childrens5D.Childrens"s3.Thisyear,isonMay9th.A.Mymother^brithdayB.MymothersbrithdayC.MymothersbrithdayD.Mymothers^brithday4.LinTaoisill,sohehastogototheA・doctorB.doctor"s5.—WhereisMr.Zhang?A.teacher^sreadingroomC.teacherreadingroomC.doctors"D.doctor—Heisinthe.B.teachers9readingroomD・teachersreadingroom6.Thisisball.It^snotA.theboy"s,girfsB.theboySthegirl"sC.theboy,thegirl7.Thisyear,themostpopularhatisthatkind・D.boys",girls4A.woman"sB.womens"C.women"sD・womans"&Lookatthebook,it"snotmine,andit"snotyours,soitmustbeA・somebodyelse^sB・somebodyelse5C.somebody"selseD.somebody5else9.Theseare.A.newspaperoftodayB.todaysnewspaperC・today"snewspapers"D.todaynewspaper"s10.It"saboutfrommyhometoourschool.A.twentyminutes9walkB・walkoftwentyminutes"C.walkoftwentyminutes5D.twentyminutedwalk11.isverysmallandwhite・A・Thehatofyourbrother"sB.ThehatofyourbrotherC.Yourbrother"shat12.Thisis.A.MikeandJim"sbikeC.Mike"sandJim"sbike13.Heis.A・onestudentofmyfatherC・myfather^studentsD.YourbrotherhatB.Mike"sandJimbikeD.MikeandJimbikeB・oneofmyfather"sstudentD.onestudentofmyfather"s14.KenisalsoA・onecousinofmineB・onecousinofmyC.onecousinofmeD.onecousinofI15・hastraveledtoBeijing.A.AfriendofherB.AfriendofhersC.AherfriendD.Hcr"sonefriend16.Thesearebooks.LiLinboughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore・ A.LiLin"sandJillB.LiLinand川FsC.LiLin"sandJillD.LiLin"sandJilfs16.BillyandIarcgoodfriends,Ihave・Lookatthisone,howsweetheissmiling!A・somepicturesofBilly5B.somepicturesofBilly"sC・someBilly"spicturesD.somepicturesofBilly1&Thisis,andIborrowedittwodaysago.A.apictureofMr.CoxB.apictureofMr.Cox"sC.aMr.Cox"pictureD.Mr.Cox"spicture四、汉译英1.Tom的足球3.学生们的课桌5.姑姑的卡片7.蚂蚁们的早餐9.姐姐的连衣裙五、把下列句子翻译成英文2.老师们的自行车1.哥哥的文具盒6.猴子们的香蕉6.妈妈的包10女孩们的苹果1.这些是Peter的篮球吗？2.这个是老师的钢笔吗？3.有_些书在Sam的课桌上。4.有_些孩子们在教室里。六、完成下列句子。1.（李明的父母）workinabighospital.2.Thisis（我妹妹的语文书）3.（双胞）1台白勺卧室）areverynice.4.（王平和王明的父亲）isahotelmanage匚5.1sthis（你的好朋友的钢笔）?6.Theyare（Peter和Sam的老师）.7.（教师节）isonSeptember10th.6（学生什］的桌椅）areverynew.7.Weareveryhappyon（儿童节）.8.Heisin（老师的办公室）now.9.Pleaseopen（教室的门）.10.（赵敏的鞋）arcwhite.11.（林红和张蔚的学校）isbigandnew.12.（John和Sally的母亲）areAmerican.13.（刘伟的妻子的朋友）isfromGuangzhou.14.（Tony哥哥的电脑）isbroken.715.It，s（妇女节）onMarch8th.16.Arethese（男生们的书包）?17.Thatis（Tom和李雷的教室）.18.（我父亲的和她父亲的朋友）arcfromBeijing. 三、冠词冠词是种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为一不定冠词II和一定冠词II两种。 1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示一一个，一件......II。an用在以元音一音素II开头的单词前。女n：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour...2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有吋翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.女［I：Lookatthepicture,please・女口：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.themoon月亮theearth地（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：thesun太阳（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：theGreatWa11长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:theChangjiangRiver长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠playthepiano,inthesameclass词theo女U：thefirstday,thebestboy,不用定冠词"the"的八项纪律：一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:1.1likereadingthebooks.(x)Ilikereadingbooks.(V)2.Shelikesthecats.(x)Shelikescats.(7)二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如：1.1havelunchatthenoon.(x)Ihavelunchatnoon.(a/)2.Wcgotoschoolbythebus")Wcgotoschoolbybus.(7)三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如：1.1liketheChina.(x)IlikeChina.(P)2.Wouldyoulikeacupofthewater?(x)Wouldyoulikeacupofwater?(^)四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如：1.TodayistheTeachers，Day.(x)TodayisTeachers，Day.(7)2.HewasbornintheMayin1987.(x)HewasbominMayin1987.(7)五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如：1.Goodmorning,thesir!(x)Goodmorning,sir!(7)2.1needsomehelp,theMummy.(x)Ineedsomehelp,Mummy.(7)六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词连用。例如:1.Thisthepenismine,(x)Thispenismine.(7)2.1havethesomemoney・(x)Ihavesomemoney.(P)七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:1.WewillleamtheChinese,thehistoryandtheMathsthisafternoon,(x)WewillleamChinese,9historyandMathsthisafternoon.(V)2・TheEnglishisthemostinterestingofallthesubjects.(x)Englishisthemostinterestingofallthesubjects.®八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如：1.Shegoestoschoolafterthebreakfasteverymorning.(x)Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.() 2.Wcoftenplaythefootballafterschool.(x)Wcoftenplayfootballafterschool.(7)一、用a或an填空。—UIIice-creamgoalkeeperteapotappleofficeEnglishbookumbrellaunithour二、根据需要，填写冠词a,an或the。(1)Whoisgirlbehindtree?(2)oldmanhastwochildren,sonanddaughter.(3)Thisisorange・orangeisLucy"s.(4)Helikesplayingguitar.Wehavesamehobby.(5)WcallhadgoodtimelastSunday・(6)Shewantstobedocto匚三、选择I.Thereisadeskbythewindow.Ondeskthereisexercisebook・A.a;theB.the;theC.an;aD.the;an2.Thcrcis"h"intheword"honcst."A.aB.theC.anD.不填3.TheywenttoSummerPalaceyesterdayandstayedthereforday.A.the;aB.the;theC.不填；aD.the;不填104・It"sityyouwon"tbebackbeforeIleave・A.theB.aC.anD.不填1.LincolnwaselectedPresidentofUnitedStatesin1860.A.the;theB.不填;theC.a;不填D.不填；不填6.Sheisgoingtoplayianoattheconcertthisevening・A.aB.anC.theD.不填6.Mostboyslikeplayingfootball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填&Let"sgoandwatchthechildrenplaychess.A.aB.anC.theD.不填9.elephantisbiggerthanhorseA.不填；不填B.an;aC.An;aD.The;a10.IsTomgoingtohaveX-raycheck?A.aB.anC.theD.不填II.Theyhavericeforluncheveryday.A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;aD.不填;the9.Wedidexperimentlastweek.Itwasusefulone.A.the;theB.an;aC.an;theD.the;an10.Beijingisoneofmostbeautifulcitiesinworld.A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.不填;the11.FebruaryissecondmonthoftheyearA.aB.anC.不填D.the12.-—Howdidyougothere? -…Wewenttherebybus.11A.aB.anC.theD•不填A.AB.AnC.TheD.不填17.ThestudentsofClassOneoftenreadEnglishearlyinmorning・A.不填B.thcC.anD.al&Onthemoonit"stoohotindayandtoocoldatnight.A.the;不填B.the;theC.a;theD.a;19.Aspaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometressecond.A.aB.anC.theD.不填20.Thcpictureonleftismorebeautifulthantheoneonright.A.不填；不填B.the;theC.a;aD.an;an21.Thewomantookthelittlegirlbyhand・A.aB.anC.theD.不填A.aB.anC.theD.不填23.Alltheworkhadtobedonebyhandwhentherewerenomodemmachines.A.不填B.thcC.anD.a24.Weshouldalwaysthinkofoldandsick.A.the;theB.an;aC.不填；不填D.the;a25.MayIhavelookatthebook?A.aB.anC.theD.不填26.Ittookmehourandhalftofinishthework.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a1227.Shewasinhurrytowork.A.不填B.aC.anD.thc28.Mybrotherhasaninterestindrawinghorses.A.theB.anC.aD.不填29.Samismaneasytogetalongwith.A.不填B.theC.aD.an30.EuropeandAmericaarcseparatedbyAtlanticOccan.A.不填B.theC.aD.an31.Thelargestlandmassisusuallydividedintotwo"continents"alongUralMountains.A.不填B.theC.aD.an32.Therearconlyfewmistakesinyourcomposition.Don"makesameonesagain,please・A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.不填；不填33.HenryisfondofplayingianowhileAliceisinterestedinlisteningtomusic.A.不填；.theB.thc;不填C.the;theD.不填；不填A.aB.thcC.不填D.an35.TommethisoldschoolfriendonhiswayhomefromChina.A.aB.theC.不填D.an 36.Springisbestseasonoftheyear.Autumnisbusyseason.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a37.Let"sgoandhavewalkaroundgarden.13A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a38.ChildrenusuallygotoschoolatageofsixA.the;theB.a;theC.不填；theD.a;a39.AtlastwegottolacewhereChairmanMaohadoncelived.A.aB.anC.不填D.the40.Samismantospeakatthemeetingtomorrow.A.不填B.thcC.aD.an41.Birdscanflyhighinsky.A.不填B.theC.aD.an42.Taiwanisisland,itislargestislandofChina.A.a;theB.the;theC.an;theD.an;a43.Itiscoldinwinter.Anddaysarcshortcr.A.不填；theB.the;theC.the;不填D.a;the44.WerethereiswillthereiswayA.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a45.TheworkersinthatfactoryarepaidbyhourA.aB.anC.thcD.不填A.The;theB.不填;aC.不填；不填D.the;a47.Heboughtdictionarylastweek.A.the;theB.a;不填C.a;theD.the;a48.TheyalwayshavebreakfastinthefactoryA.aB.anC.theD.不填49.Tomis8-ycar-oldboy.14A.aB.anC.theD.不填50.sunrisesineast.A.A;theB./;/C.A;aD.The;the四、数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在口期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有一theII:序数词前一定要有一theIIo1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上一IIo如：21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteenboys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词吋，需将它的量词变为复数。如：两碗米饭twobowlsofrice5、序数词一般加一thII,特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth汁以外的整十，变末尾的"y"为"ie"加“th"：twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth,forty-fortieth...;—第几十几II：前面整十不变，后面一儿II改为序数词。如：88eighty-eighth练一练：一、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生（2）15本英语书（3）九杯凉水（4）4个孩子(5)12月31日（6）6月2日（7）第九周(8)40年前15(9)11+7（10）上学第一天二、把下列基数词改成序数词。one—two—three—nine—fourteen—twenty—thirty-five—eighty-one—twelve—三、选择1.girlstookpartintheSuperGirlcompetitionbutonlyfewofthemsucceed.A・OnemillionofB.MillionsofC・ThousandsandmillionsD.Twomillions2.■一CanIhelpyou?-一I"dlike_formytwindaughters.A.twopairofshoesB・twopairsofshoesC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoe3.Eachofushastowriteareporteverythreeweeks・A.two-thousand-wordsB.two-thousand-wordC.two-thousands-wordsD.two-thousands-word4.Nowchildren,pleaseturntoPageandlookatthepicture.A.Twenty-three;fifthB.Twenty-three;fiveC.Twenty-third;fifthD.Twenty-third;five5.■一Excuseme,couldyoutellmewherethenearestpostofficeis?-一Thenearestpostoffice?Youwillhavetowalk•A.500-metresawayB.500meterfarC・500metersfartherD・500meter-faraway6.Thisisabigclass,andofthestudentsaregirls・A.twothirdB.secondthreeC・twothirdsD.twothree7.Duringtheentranceexams,therearcparentswaitingfortheirchildrenoutsidetheirtestcenter.A.thousandsofB・thousandofC.thousandD.thousands168.peoplewillwatchBeijingOlympicGamesonTVin2008.A.MillionofB.MillionsofC.FivemillionsD.Million9.―Howoldisyourson?―_・WehadaspecialpartyforhisbirthdaylastSunday.A.Nine;nineB.Nine;ninthC・Ninth;nineD.Ninth;nine10.Thisisthe_timein_daysthathehasmadethesamemistakes.A・second;thirdB.two;threeC.two;thirdD.second;three11.■一HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingfortheOlympicGamesin2008?-一It4shardtosay_people,Ithink.A.MillionofB.MillionsofC.TwomillionsofD.twomillions12.Mother"sDaytailsonSundayofMay.A.twoB.secondC・thesecond13.ItwasthesecondtimeforChinatosendamannedspaceshipintothesky,butitwasthe_time forFeiJunlongandNieHaishengtogotothespace・A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.last1.Katelivesin_.Mineisnexttohers.A.theroomfiveB.RoomFiveC.fiveroomD.roomfive2.™Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?-一Wonderftil!oftheland_coveredwithtreesandgrass・A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;areD.Twofifth;are 四.选择正确的答案。()1.Therearcdaysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty一five()2.Dannylivesin.A•room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room()3.JimisinA•classone,gradesixC•ClassOne,GradeSixB•gradeone,classsixD.GradeOne,ClassSix17()4•Thebikecostmeyuan.A.fivehundredfortyB.fivehundredsfourtyC.fivehundredandfortyD・fivehundiedfourty()5•Mytelephonenumberis.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB.eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD・eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6.Isthereanyfoodforus?A.tenB・tenthC.thetenthD.theten()7•Maryisgirl-A.an8yearoldB.8-years-oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8-year-old()8.—Whatdayistoday?-A.JuneB谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan■3、准的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。26pencilis,or?isJthink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。apples5youroryour?My.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam. 6^他和他的朋友Jim—样年轻。HeasasJim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。asastwin?No,thanhim.&YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚.YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday.9•我跳得和Mike一样远。IasasMike.1.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tomthanyou?No,he・Heasas・2.多做运动，你会更强壮。moreexercise,you"llsoon.3.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。IatScience.ButIdon"twellinChinese.4.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。youthekitethanWangBing?No,Iitthan.5.我喜欢游泳.我所有的朋友都游得比我慢.1like—.Allmythanme.276.我的姐姐起得比我早。Myupthanme.7.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。thegirlstheboys?Yes,they.8.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedocsn"tinPE.ButIdonthan■1&你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。youfootballthanyourclassmates?No,theyasasme.19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。Mythanmy.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweaterasas.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydresstoo.1wanttoaone.22.I"mtallerthanMike.（该成用原级的比较）I"masasMike.四、将下列各组单词重新排序.使构成有意义地词组。1.fat,the,cat,white2.Olympics,green,a,great3.expensive,thatJacket,brown4.an,book.,interesting,thick5.round,three,plates,yellow五、选词填空1・Mysisterisgetting・A.faterandfaterB.fatterandfatterC・morefatterandfatterD.moreandmorefatter2.Theyaretousthanbefore・ A.friendB.friendlyC・morefriendlyD・friendier282.Jackistheboyourclass・A.tallest,inB.taller,inC.mosttall,ofD.moretall,of4.11isnotwarmyesterday.Putonmoreclothes.A・so•onB.so.inC.as.atD.as.as1.HangzhouisoneofcitiesIhavevisited・A・beautifulB.beauitifiilierC・morebeautifulD.themostbeautiful 1.BothAndyandIdriveslowly.Tomdrivesfast.SoTomdrivesofall.A.slowerB・theslowestC・faster2.Mysisterisagirl.A.goodIsityourtoytaxi?—No.it"shis.A.MaybeB.MayC.Maybe9.—areyou?—I"m,thankyou.A.What；goodB.How；fineC.What；fineD.thefastestB.wellC.veryD.How；goodA.YesB・ExcusemeC.CertainlyD・How7.—Canyouhelpme?--11.ThegrassaroundmyhouseisVeryA.blackB.blueC•green12.Thcskyis•Thecloudis•A.blue；redB・red；brownC.blue；whiteC.very12.Thechildiskind.A.muchB.verymuch13.-CouldIuseyourpen,please?—・A-NoB.CertainlyC.Excuseme15.1gotoschoolat8：00a.m.A.veryB.muchC.often29C.smallold17.Theyclothes.A・isB.amC.arc18.Thetallboyplayingbasketball.A・amB.is16.1haveandoll.A.oldbeautifulB.beautifuloldC.are19.MrWangisateache匚A.talloldEnglishB.EnglisholdtallC.oldtallEnglishC.orange20.Orangesarc•A-purpleB.blue六、用括号(big)thanmine.3、1thinkyoudothesethings(well)thanyourclassmates.4^Whosebagis(heavy),yoursormine?5、DoesJimrunas(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns(slow)thanthem.6>Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7、Ijump(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass・8、I"mveiy(thin),butshe"s(thin)thanme.9、Itgetsand(warm)whenspringcomeshere.七、介词(Preposition)—、概述介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。介词是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof；outof,from...to...,atthebackof...二、常用介词的基本用法at ①表示时间：Igotoschoolatseveneveryday我每天早上7点去上学。30②表示在某-具体地点：Heisstandingatthebusstop他站在公共汽车站。③表示动作的方向、目标：Letmehavealookatthepicture让我看看这幅图。④用于某些固定搭配：atonce立刻、马上atlast最后atthesametime同时atfirst开始时notatall一点也不about①表示大约时间：It"saboutsixo"clocknow.现在大约6点钟了。②表示地点；在周围：Everythingaboutmeissobeautiful我周闱的一切都那么美好。③关于，对于：Wearetalkingaboutthenews.我们正在谈论新闻。after①在之后：AfterdinnerIwatchTV.晚饭后我看电视。②在后面：Hecameintotheroomafterme.他在我后面进了房间。behind①在之后：Thereisabikebehindthetree.树后有一辆自行车②比晚，迟于：Thetrainisbehindtime.火车晚点了by①在旁：Heissittingbythebed.他正坐在床边。②到吋候：WehavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsbynow.到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。③以方式：Igotoschoolbybus.我乘公共汽车去上学。④用于某些固定搭配：onebyone—个接一个bytheway顺便说一句for①为，给，替：I"llmakeacardformyteacher.我要给老师做张卡片。②由于：Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你帮我。③表示给（某人）用的：Thereisletterforyou.这儿有你一封信。in①在里面：Thepencilisinthedesk.铅笔在课桌里。②在一段吋间里：Wehavefourclassesinthemorning.我们上午有四节课。③用，以：What"sthisinEnglish?这用英语怎么说？④在某一年份，季节，月份：in2002,inspring,inJanuary⑤表示状态，服饰：Helenisinyellow.海伦身穿黄色衣服。⑥在方面：HeisweakinEnglish.他的英语不行。⑦用于某些固定搭配：infrontof在前面intheend最后intime及时31 like①像样：Helookslikehisfather.他像他的父亲。②这样，那样：Don^tlookatmelikethat.别那样看着我。③怎样：Whafstheweatherlike?天气怎样。near靠近，在附近：Mybedisnearthewindow.我的床在窗户旁。of①的（表示所属关系）：Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是一张我家的照片。②的（用于所有格）：Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。③表示数量（与连词连用）：OneofusisfromBeijing.我们中有一个來自北京④想到,谈到：Ioftenthinkofthem.我常常想到他们。⑤用于某些固定搭配：ofcourse当然becauseof因为，由于on①在上面：Therearesomeappleonthetree.树上有些苹果。②在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）：TheygotoEnglishclassonSunday.星期天他们去上英语课。IleftBeijingonthemorningofMay1.我在5月1日早上离开北京。③用于某些固定搭配:onduty值日ontime准时over①在正上方：Thereisalampoverthetable.桌子上方有一盏灯。②遍及，穿过：Thereisabridgeovertherivei*.有座桥横跨那条河。③超过，不止：Sheisalittleover2.她两岁多了。to①到，往，向：Hewalkstothewindow.他走向窗户。②表示时间、数量，到为止Pleasecountfromtentothirty.请从10数到30.③向，对，给：HappyNewYeartoyouall.大家新年好。underWhat"sunderyourdesk?你书桌底下是什么？with①和，写：Couldyougohomewithme?你能和我一起冋家吗？②表示伴随状态，带有：Whc/sthatgirlwithglasses?那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？32since表示"自（某具体时间）以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。sinceliberation （1980）自从解放（1980年）以来Theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.他们从小就是好朋友。注*sincethewar是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"sincethebeginningofthewar"。★不要将since与after混淆。比较：Hehasworkedheresince1965.（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以來，他一直在这儿工作。Hebegantoworkhereafter1965.（指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。三、介词的固定搭配1）介词和名词的连用2）动词和介词的连用atarriveat/in到达atfirst起初；开始getoff下车atlast最后helpsb.Withsth.帮组某人做某事atschool在上课，在上学askfor请求atthemoment11匕刻getup起床athome在家；无拘束laughat嘲笑atpresent现在learnfrom向学习atwork上班，在工作lookafter照顾atthesametime同时lookfor寻找thinkfor想到onworryabout担心onduty值日listento听onholiday度假lookat看；注视ontime准时talkabout交谈;谈ontheleft/right在左/右边waitfor等候；等ontheradio在广播中thankfor为而感谢onfoot步行onsale出售；降价出售3）形容词和介词连用onTV在电视上播放beafraidof害怕onthephone在电话中becarefulwith小心；关心ontheway在路上beinterestedin对感兴趣begoodat善于inbeproudof感到自豪33inall总体becrazyabout酷爱inclass在课堂上belatefor干某事迟至!JinEnglish用英语begoodfor对有利inshort总之4）其他 inahurry匆忙地by+交通工具intheend最后bybus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land...inbed躺在床上lotsof7alotof许多，大量indanger在危险屮atmost至多infact事实上atleast至少intime及吋地atonce立刻；马上inaminute立亥i]inorderto为了时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用im日子前面却不行。遇到儿号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前，说“差"可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉匪。练一练：一、选用括号(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet(at,on,in)thebusstop(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen"swritingpaperis(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Docsitoftenrain(at,on,in)springthere?34二、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMath.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow・3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans・4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women"sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning・10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?三、用适当的介词填空。Ithefirstdayschool2theschoolplayground3classes4Wednesday5afarm6pullcarrots7alotfruittrees8liveatown9theweekends10thesittingroomIIthe4thNovember12lookthem13theplayground14theschoolhall15NewYear16talkhisstudentsholidays17ChristmasDay18haveabiglunchmyfamily19dresscostumes20SeptemberorOctober21hisgrandpa"shouse 22theChristmastree23English24Christmas25playlanterns3526ChristmasDay27thenamestheday2&abookholidays四、选词填空。()1.theafternoonofMay,wcvisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeopleworkthedayandsleepnight.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at A.betweenB.withC・among()4.Awolfasheepskinisourdangerousenemy.A.withB.inC.on()5.Joanhopestocomebackthreedays・A.afterB.forC.in()6.Theysentthelettertomemistake.A.byB.forC.with()7.Helefthomeacoldwinterevening・A.atB.onC.in()8.ShanghaiisthecastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()9.myfather"shelp,Ihavefinishedmycomposition.A.UnderB.OnC.with()10.He"sverystricthimselfandhe"sverystricthiswork.A.with;inB.in;withC・with;with)11.1reallycan"tagreeyou.A.toB.onC・with)12.Theshopwon"topennineinthemorning・A.untilB・atC・during)13.Howabouttheflowersnow?A)14.Shespentallhismoneybooks.)15.Theyaretalkinglowvoices・)16.It"sverykindyoutohelpus.A.inB.withC.onA.withB.inC.onA.forB.toC.ofwateringB.arewateringC.watered)17.Whatwillyouhavebreakfastthismorning?A.withB.forC.by36()18.Aplaneisflyingthecity・A.onB.overC.above()19.Youarefreetospeakthemeeting.A.atB.inC・on()20.Mr.GreenwillstayinChinaFriday.A.toB.onC.till()2l.It"swrongtoplayjokesotherpeople・A.onB・ofC・with()22.Whichcolordoyoulike?Ipreferbluered.A.forB.asC.to()23.Thestudentwillgiveusatalkhowtouseoursparetime.A.forB・onC・inA.inB.forC.onB.onC.atC・withoutB.forC.ofB.withC.atC.of()24.1paidtwohundredyuanthatkindofbicycle・()25.ThedoctorisverykindhispatientsA.to()26.Wecan"tliveair.A.inB.with()27.Thechildwasafraidthestrangesound.A.at()28.Hewasveryangryherforbeinglate・A.for()29.Whatdoyouthink_theplay?A.aboutB.like()30.1thinkit"stherightwaytoworkouttheproblem,butIamnotsureit.A.doB.aboutC.of()31.Readingthesunisn"tgood_youA.under;forB・in;forC.in;to()32.1won"taskaboutit,I"mgoingtoseeitmyowneyes・A.byB.forC.with()33・WegotoschooleverydaySunday・A.exceptB・withoutC・on()34.ThereisasmallriverthetwotownsA.inB・betweenC・among()35.LiLeisometimesfallsasleepthelesson.A.forB.throughC・during()36.Mr.BlackwenttoParisafewdays.A.forB.inC.after()37.TheywillleaveLondonnextmonth.A.toB.fromC.for()38.Areyougoingtothezoo_busormycar?37 A.on;byB・by;inC.on;in()39.Hewokeupseveraltimes_thenightA・inB・atC・on()40.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived5o"clockthemorning・A・on;inB.at;inC・at;onD.in;on()41.Where"sLily?Weareallhereher.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.with()42.Shesentherfriendapostcardabirthdaypresent.A・onB.asC.for()43.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschooltheyearof2000.A.sinceB・inC・onD・by()44.—Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?—It"swritinganddrawing・A.withB.toC.forD.by()45.Englishiswidelyused_travelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by()46.thehelpofmyteacher,1caughtupwiththeotherstudents.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On()47.HongKongisthesouthofChina,andMacaoisthewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in()4&-一You4dbetternotgooutnow.It"sraining.—Itdoesn"tmatte匚Mynewcoatcankeeprain.A.inB・ofC・withD・off()49.Therearemanyapplesthetree.Abirdthetreeispickinganapple.A.in;onB.on;inC・in;at()50.Whoarcyougoingtoplay?A.aboutB.byC.against八、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词。381、be动词(am,is,arc,was,were)1)am一was,is-was,are—were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,单数用is,复数全用areo2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher,room.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3)—般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youarc・No,youaren4.American?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren"t.itis.No,itisn4.4)be动词的否定形式：amnot(没有缩写形式)，arenot=aren用恰当的be动词填空。练一练：Sheis(not)inthediningare.ArctheyIsthecatfat?Yes,1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1)Iaboy.youaboy?No,Inot.2)ThegirlJack"ssister.3)Thedogtallandfat.4)Themanwithbigeyesatcachcr.5)yourbrotherintheclassroom?6)Howyourfather? 1)MikeandLiuTaoatschool.2)Whosedressthis?3)Whosesocksthey?4)WhoI?5)Thejeansonthedesk・396)Hereascarfforyou.7)Heresomesweatersforyou.8)TheblackglovesforSuYang.9)ThispairofglovesforYangLing.10)Thetwocupsofmilkforme.11)Someteaintheglass・12)GaoShan"sshirtoverthere・13)Mysister"snameNancy・14)DavidandHelenfromEngland?15)Thereagirlintheroom.16)Theresomeapplesonthetree.17)thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?18)Theresomebreadontheplate・19)You,heandIfromChina.20)Thereaboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark・2、助动词(do,does,did)do,does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：donot=don"t,doesnot=doesn"t,didnot=didn"t。注意：在一般现在时屮，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练1、用适当的助动词填空。1)youlikethismagazine?402)Thegirllikebreadforbreakfast.3)―Whatsheattheweekends?—Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)—WhatyoudolastSunday?―Iwrotetomyfriend.5)■一DidyouseeaBeijingopera?-一No,I.6)HenotvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)Theynotlikeplayingvolleyball.8)■一JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?™Yes,he・9)HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)■一Howmanykitesyouhave?-一Wehaveten.3、情态动词 情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平吋我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can>could>shall,should>will>wouldmay、might、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式:cannot=can"t,mustnot=mustn工…•注意：maynot和shallnot（无缩写形式）练一练：选择填空。1）Thesignonthewallmeansyoustayawayfromthebuilding.A、mustB.can"tC・shouldn"t2）Howmanybooksyouseeonthedesk?A.mayB・canC・should413）Itmeansyoumakenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB.shouldn^C.can4）~youlikeaglassofmilk?一Yes,please・A.MayB.CouldC.Would5）―_youseethesignoverthere?—Sorry,Ican"t.A.CanB.Can"tC.Should6）wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall4、行为动词表示某一动作或行为。女小sweep>live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/cs、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing>过去式+cd。（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A^一般直接加一sII,如：play-plays,visit-visits,speak-speaks:Bn以一s","x",—shII,—chli,o"结尾时，加一esII,tocatch-catches,watch-watches,miss-misses,fix-fixesC、以一辅音字母+yII结尾时，变一y||为_i||再加一csII；以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接力ITH"女U:carry一carries,study-studies,fly-fliesplay-plays。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A^一般直接加一ingll,如：go-going,do-doing,look-looking；B、以不发音的一ell结尾的动词，去一eII加一ingII,如：take-taking,make-making,have-having；C、以重读闭咅节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅咅字母，需要双写这个字母再加一ingII,如：put-putting,stop-stopping,run-nmning,get-getting,swim-swimming,sit一sitting,begin一beginning,jog-jogging,forget一forgetting。（3）过去式构成规则：A^一般直接加一cdII,如1：plant-planted,visit-visited,pick-picked；B、以不发音字母一eII结尾，直接加一edII,如：like-liked,hope-hoped,42taste-tasted；C、以一辅音字母+yII结尾时，变一yII为一iII再加一edII,如：try-tried,carry一carried,study一studied； D、以重读闭咅节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅咅字母，需要双写这个字母再加一edII,如:stop-stopped:1.使役动词：have,make,let后面直接用动词原形。女口：Letmehelpyou.MothermadeJimstayathomeallday.1•主语是he，she,it,either,neither,each,anything,something,everything,nothing,someone,everyone,anyone,nobody,noone,等代词时，谓语动词用单数。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人在找你。Everyoneishere.大家都来了。Eachoftheboyshasanapple.每个男孩都有一个苹果。2.表示总称意义的名词people,cattle,police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。Cattlearefannersfriends.Thepolicemanisstandingatthestreetcomer.Thepolicearesearchingforhim.3.主语是：时间，距离，价格等名词，即使是复数形式，谓语动词只用单数。Threeyearspassesquickly.43Twometersisnotlongenough・4•主语是：clothes,glasses,trousers,shoes,socks,gloves等名词时，谓语动词用复数。Thetrousersarcnotexpensive・Yoursocksareoverthere・5.主语是：family,class,team,group等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数。Ourclassismadeupoftenstudents.Ourclassarcworkingveryhard.6.主语是thenumberoR名词复数吋，表示......的数目，谓语动词用单数。但是主语是anumberof4-名词复数时，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolislarge.AnumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromAmerica.7.and连接的两个成对的名词：forkandknife,breadandbutter,coffeeandwater等，表示单一的概念，故谓语动词用单数Whereisyourforkandknife?Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.8.and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。44Theteacherandwriterismyuncle・Theteacherandthewriterarecomingtousnow・9.and连接的两个名词前分别有every,each,many修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthemselvesintheschool.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasspokenatthemeeting.10.主语是：manya+名词单数；a+名词单数+ortwo,谓语动词用单数。Manyastudent isinterestedinEnglish.很多学生对英语感兴趣。Aworkerortwoisgoingtobesenttoworkabroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。5.主语是：oneortwo+名词复数，谓语动词用复数。Oneortwospellingmistakeshavebeenfoundinyourcomposition.6.Oneandahalf+名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.7.either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。Neitheryounorheisright.8.主语是：介词with,togetherwith,except,besides,aswellas,but等连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。45Theteacherwithhisstudentsisdiscussingaquestion.老师和学牛•们在讨论问题。Nothingbutcarsissoldintheshop.除了汽车这个店什么都不卖。练一练：1、写岀下列动词的第三人称单数。drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybnishdoteachtakesee2、写岀下列动词的现在分词。putgivefly£Ctdancesitrunplanttakeswimaskstoptakewritehavesmokethinkwanttell3、写出下列动词的过去式。isamflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdo4、用动词的适当形式填空。(1)1toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroftentoschoolwithme.Yesterdaywetoschooltogether.Weliketoschoolverymuch.(go)46(2)Theyusuallylunchathome.Butlastweek,theylunchatschool.(have)(3)ThatmyEnglishbook・Itnew.Butnowitnothere.Itthereamomentago.(be)(4)Mysisterlikesverymuch.Sheoftenatourschoolfestival・Lastterm,shealotofsongsintheschoolhall・She_beautifully.(sing) (1)WhatheusuallyonSunday?Heusuallyhishomework.Look!Hehishomeworknow・hehishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he.(do)(2)DopeopleusuallymooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.DidyoumooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.Ialotofdeliciousmooncakes・(eat)九、there/herebe结构1、therebe结构表示一某时、某地存在着什么事物或人II,包押ithereis>thereare>therewas、therewereoherebe结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示一这里存在着什么事物或人IIO2、和have、has、had的区别：(1)Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。（2）在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数，be动词用arc；如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定就近原则IIo结构：47A.Thcrcisa/an+可数名词的单数形式（+地点状语）B.Thereis+（some/lotsof7alotof7alittle/enough/much...）不可数名词（+地点状语）C.Thereare+（some/lotsof7alotof7afew/enough/many...）可数名词的复数形式（+地点状语）（3）therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,—般疑问句把be动词调到句（4）therebe句型与have（has）的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has）表示某人拥有某物。3、some,any的用法:some用于肯定句和以情态动词开头的句子中；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。（列：Thereissomewaterintheglass.（肯定句）Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.（肯定句）Therearen"tanylampsinthestudy.（否定句）Arethereanymapsonthewall?（一般疑问句）Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?（希望得到肯定冋答）Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?（一般疑问句）（5）some和any在therebe句型屮的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。（6）and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：48Howmany+名词复数+arcthere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What"s+介词短语？（9）Therebe结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。1、用恰当的be动词填空。1）Therefourseasonsinayear.2）Therenotanytreestwoyearsago. 3）―thereapostofficenearyourschool?・・・Yes,there.4）―Howmanystopsthere?■一Thereonlyone.5）Therenotanystampsontheenvelope.6）thereanybirdsinthetree?7）Thereashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyea匚Butnowtherenoone.8）Thereonlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9）Heresomebreadforyou.10）InNewYork,therealotofraininspring.2、选用一have,has,had,thereis,therearc,therewas,therewereII填空。1）Iagoodfatherandagoodmothe匚2）atelescopeonthedesk.1)Heatape-recorde匚2)abasketballintheplayground.3)Theyanicegarden.494)Myfatherastory-booklastyear.5)areading-roominthebuilding?6)WhatdoesMike?7)anybooksinthebookcase?8)Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?9)astory-bookonthetableamomentago.10)Whatdoyou?11)Myparentssomenicepictures・12)somemapsonthewall.13)amapoftheworldonthewall.14)David"sfriendssometents・15)manychildrenonthehill1.选用some或any填空。1)Thereisn"tmilkinthefridge・2)Icanseecars,butIcan"tseebuses・3)HehastriendsinEngland・4)Weretherefruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereareresentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotakephotos?7)Istherericeinthekitchen?8)Therearenewbuildingsinourschool.509)…Wouldyoulikecakes?…No,I"dnotlikecakes,butI"dlikecoffee. 1)Aretherepicturesonthewall?—No,therearen"tpictures.十、动词不定式1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。女口：IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.我想制作一张新年贺卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to保留原來动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如:Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车。3、to前有时带疑问词what,when,where,which,why,how等。女口：He"saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。一定要记住:to后面用动词原形。练一练：1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1)Peoplewouldlike(go)tofarmsinthecountryside・2)It"stime(have)lunch3)Iwant(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan(run).5)Pleaseshowmehow(go)totheshoppingcentre・6)Wouldyoulike(join)us?517)Don"tforget(write)—HappyNewYearII.8)Shewasveryglad(see)them.9)Pleaseremember(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I"msorry(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的错误，并改正。1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?2)Helen,showushowdrawingasquare.3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.4)It"stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter"sphotostohismum.十一、动名词其实就是动词的一现在分词II。它既有一名词性质H(可作主语)，又具有动词性质(可带宾语)。—、名词性质：女口：二、1、remember(记住)后面跟动名词，表示一记得做过某事II；跟S+动词原形，表示一记得要去做某事II。如：Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我记得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.请记住今天要把信寄走。2.forget(忘记)后面跟动名词，表示一忘记做过某事(实际做过)II；跟to+动词原形，表示一忘记去做某事(实际没做)IIo如：Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我忘记今天早上做过作业了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我忘记今天早上做作业了。 523、stop(停止)后面跟动名词，表示一停止做某事跟to+动词原形，表示一停止正在做的事，而去做别的事II。如：Stopsmoking,please.请不要吸烟。Wearetired.Letfsstoptohavearest.我们累了，让我们停卜來休息一下。4>like(喜欢)后面跟动名词，表示一个人的爱好和习惯，意思是一喜欢干某事H；跟to+动词原形，常用于wouldliketodosomething,表示一某人想要、愿意干某事II。如：Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜欢每天晚饭后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.我想要吃些薯条。练一练：1、用扩号(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.1)It"ssunnytoday.Let"sgo(fish).2)Doyoulike(read)Englishinthemorning?3)Areyougoodat(dance)?4)Whereisthe(shop)centre?5)Wouldyouliketogo(jog)withme?6)Myhobbyis(play)football.7)SuHailikes(watch)cartoonsonSundays・2、选择扩号(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwcgo(skating,toskate)?4)Today,myworkis(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.535)I"mgoing(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground・6)Ilike(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike(going,togo)totheGreatWall?8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.十二、疑问词1.whatwhowhosewhichwherewhenwhy2.—Wh-IIquestions:Whatareyoudoing?Whatcolorisit?Whattimeisit?What"sthetime?Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Who"sthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whenisyourbirthday?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman? Howmuchisthetoybear?Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?十三、时态(―)一般现在时常用的时间副词“usually,often,everyday,sometimes"how541.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2.一般现在吋中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn"t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非笫三人称单数，否定句用do+not(don4),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。(二)现在进行时结构：主语+bedoing,通常用于有一Look!II—Listen!II—now"等的句子屮.1•现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(三)一般将来时结构A、begoingto+动词原形1.begoingto表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2.肯定句：begoingto+动词原形，如:Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.否定句:benotgoingto4-动词原形，如:Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.—般疑问句：把be动词调到句首,如：IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形？如：WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+goingto+动词原形？如：Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?55结构B、will/shall(I,wc)1.表示将要发生的事。2.肯定句：Iwillgotothezootomorrow.否定句：Iwillnot(won"t)gotothezootomorrow.一般疑问句：Willyougotothezootomorrow?特殊疑问句：Whowillgotothezootomorrow?Wherewillyougotomorrow?Whenwillyougotothezoo?(四)一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 1.be动词在一般过去时中的变化：(1)am和is在一般过去时屮变为vvaso(wasnot=wasn"t)(2)arc在一般过去时中变为wcrcc(werenot=wcrcn"t)⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are~*样，即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn"t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn"tgohomeyesterday.—般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变冋原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如1：Whowenttohomeyesterday?56十四、祈使句1・祈使句的定义祈使句是用來发出命令或指示，提出要求、建议、劝告等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。例如：Becareful.小心。Haveacoffee,please.请喝杯咖啡。Don，tworry.不要担心。2.祈使句的主语⑴省略第二人称的主语Lookout!There"sacarcoming.小心！有车来了。 Don^touchme.别碰我。（2）祈使句如需要强调对方时，亦可把you说出来。Youbequiet!你们安静!Don"tyouopenthedoor.你不要开门。（3）祈使句亦可用第三人称作主语。Somebodyopenthedoor.（注意：要用动词原形）来个人把门打开。Henryreadthepoemfirst.（注意：要用动词原形）亨利先读这首诗。Parentswithchildrengotothefront.带孩子的家长到前面去。Don"tanybodyopenthedoo匚（注意:要用don"t而不是用doesn"t）谁也不要开门。3.祈使句的肯定与否定（1）肯定：a.动词多数的祈使句是以动词原形开头的Lookright.LookleftStandup.Sitdown.Keepsilence・Help!Closethedoo匚Letmetry.Letmesee.Let"sgo.b.形容词+表语57Bequiet.Bequick.Becareful.Beseated・Beontime.Haveacupoftea,please.（2）否定：a.Don"t+动词原形Don"twalk.Don"tlitter.Don4touch.Don"tmove.Don"tcry.Don"tworry.Don"trun.Don"twrite・Don"tmakenoiseinclass・Don"thitotherchildren.Don"tclimbthetrees・b.Don"t+be动词+表语Don4belate.Don"tbenervous.c.No4-名词或动名词Noswimming.Noparking.Nofood.Nosmoking.Nocameras.Nobikes.祈使句的否定形式一般是在谓语动词前加上donot或doift（口语中），有时也可用never。若祈使句有主语，否定词doit或never要置于主语之前。Donotcomeinunlessasked.勻电请莫入。Don"tyoubelieveit.决不要相信它。Don"tanyonemakeanynoise.谁也不要吵吵闹闹。Neverbelateagainnexttime.下一次「万不要再迟到了。1.祈使句：不同的口气Wouldyoukindlyopenthedoor?（最客气）Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?（客气）58 Pleaseopenthedoor.（客气）Openthedoor,willyou?（客气）Justopenthedoor.（对熟人的要求）Openthedoor.（略带命令口气）Openthedoor,you?（傲气十足）5.祈使句：强调可以在祈使句的动词原形之前加上do表示强调。Dobehonest.—定要诚实。Dobequietamoment.一定要安静一会儿。Doletmego.一定让我去吧。Dotellmethereason.务必告诉我理由。6.祈使句：其他表达法Patience!要有耐心!（名词）Handsup!举起手来！（名词）Bottomsup!干杯！（名词）Afteryou!您先请！（介词短语）Quickly!快！（副词）语法精练一般现在时用法专练：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften（have）dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy（be）inClassOne.593.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.they(like)theWorldCup?6.Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?7.yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike(like)cooking.12.They(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.1(be)ill.I"mstayinginbed.16.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.1&Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.—Whatday(be)ittoday?—It"sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.（改为否定句）2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）3.Shelikesmilk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）604.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.（改为否定句）6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.（改为否定句）7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（对划线部分提问）8.JohncomesfromCanada/对划线部分提问）9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）五、改错（划111错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1・IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.4.Mr.WutcachsusEnglish.5.Shedon"tdoherhomeworkonSundays・现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewrite_skireadhavesingdance61putseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy（draw）apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls（sing）intheclassroom・3.Mymother（cook）somenicefoodnow.4.Whatyou（do）now?5.Look•They（have）anEnglishlesson. 1.They（not5water）theflowersnow. 1.Look!thegirls（dance）intheclassroom.2.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She（listen）tomusic.3.It"s5oclocknow.We（have）suppernow4.Helen（wash）clothes?Yes9sheis・三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）3.I"mplayingthefootballintheplayground.（对划线部分进行提问）4.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）62一般将来时专项练习1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。1haveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball・3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.4.你们打算什么吋候见面。Whattimeyoumeet?5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancygoingtogocamping.6・I"llgoandjointhem.（改否定）Igojointhem.7.1"mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）meetatthebusstopat10:30.（对划线部分提问）sheafterschool?同上）goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow? Be动词用am,is,are填空（不需要的用一/II表示）。1・Mygrandmaadoctor. 2.XiaoMingtwelveyearsold.Hetallandthin.3・LucyandLilytwins.4.Thereaneraserinthepencil-case.5.Therebananasonthetable・6.Thereabookandthreepencilsonthedesk.7.Thereabananaandsomepearsinthefridge・&youapoliceman?No,Inot.8.sheastudent?Yes,she.9.Whothey?10.Theymyclassmates,WangLinandZhangJun.11.It8o"clock.12.Whatdayittoday?13.ItTuesday.15・PEmyfavoriteclass・16.Thisayellowdress・17.Thesemyoldclothes・18.19.20.21.not.22.yourbooksred?Yes.23.Myclothes6424.25.MissGaohasason・26.Hisname27.a，an,the,some,any一、用a,an或the填空（不需要的用一/II表示）：1.apple.It"sredapple・2.teacherintheclassroom?Whichone?3.Whereisdesk?It"snear4.—fIIintheword—familyII.1.What"stimc?It"sfburo"clock.2.Who"sPictureOne?3.Where"scat?It"sunder8.Don4lookatteache匚9.studentsofClassOneareplayingfootball.10.It"sseventwentyintimetogotoschool.11.LiLeiisat12.Wbird?It"s二、用a,an,some或any填空。1.Thisiserase匚2.It"sinterestingmovie.3.Theracehadexcitingfinish.4.MyfriendJohnisengineerandhiswifeSusanisteacher.Theyhavetwodaughters,AnnaandChristine.Theyarcnotchildren.AnnaisairhostessandChristineishairdresser.Annahas65Italiancar,butChristinehasEnglishbicycle.Theydon4livewiththeirparents:theyhaveapartment.Itisveryniceapartment.5.—Doyouhavesmallertrousers? ——No,wedon"t・Butwehaveshorts.1.—Thereisteahere,butistheresugarinthattin?—No,thereit"ssugarinthistin.一Aretherebiscuitsinthecupboard?一Therewerehereyesterday,buttherearen"therenow.2.一Goodmorning,Mrs.Whatwouldyoulike?—I"dlikemeat.一Ok.Thebeefisnice,too.Wouldyoulike?—No,thanks・Myhusbanddocsn"tlikebeef.3.一Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?一Yes,please・一Wouldyoulikemilkinit?一No,thanks・4.Thereareapplesinthebasket.5.Therearen"tbooksinthebackpack・6.—Arctheretomatoesinthefridge?—Yes,therearc.7.一Istherewaterinthebottle?一No,thereisn4inthebottle・8.Thereisjuiceintheglass・代词练习一、选择：1・amwearingawhitecoat.(I/me)2.Thesegreenshoesarenice・1like・(they/them)3.Look!Therearesomerabbits.Oh!aresocute・(they/them)664.Annisagoodstudent.isgoodatEnglish・Herteacherlikes.(she/her)5.——Look!Someboysareplayingfootball.WhoistheboyinthegreenT-shirt?—isRobert・ismygoodfriend・(he/him)6.Canhelpyou?(I/me)7.Givethebook,please・(I/me)&一Iliketheseshorts.Howmuchare?—20yuan,(they/them)9.Canseethecap?(you/him)10.Whatsizedowant?(you/she)11.Ilikethistic.Howmuchis?(it/its)12.nameisLily.(I/my)13.motherisadoctor.(her/she)14.Kenisshoppingwithfathe匚(he/his)15.Isthissweater?(your/you)16.arcstudents,(wc/us)二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：1、TheboyisI)brother・Pleasegive(I)pentohe)・2、Thisis(he)rubber.Whereis(I)?3>(he)ismyfather)friend.4^Thisisnotyou)bike.Itismy)• 5、(he)motherislookingforhe)・6^Thisdressissobeautifu1・1like(it)color・7、Isthatcomputer(you)?No,itisnot(I)・8>YoucanspeaktoI).Iamthey)teacher•679、Arethesewe)clothes?you)areonthebed・10>Isthis(she)car?No,(she)isoverthere・11Thisisnot(us)(us)isinthatbuilding・12、she)iswritingalettertoshe)sister・13^she)is(we)teacher.Wecallshe)MissLi・14、Thisis(he)coat.Thatoneisn"the)・15^(we)aregoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.Wouldyouliketojoin(we)・16^Thechildrenarcin(Jim)room.三、改错。(画11!错误部分，并改正横线上)1、Isthatruleryour?2、Heisoursgoodfriend・3>Hersbrother"snameisBob.形容词性物主代词一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空：1.isaboy.Doyouknowname?(he)2.isapaiTot.nameisJiJi.(it)3.fatherisanEnglishteacher.ismyfriend.nameisKitty,(she)4.Lilyandarcinthesameclass・numberiseleven.(I)5.Whereisteacher,doknow?(you)6.AreJapanesefriends?No,aren"t.(they)7.oldfriend/X/U(a).688.Thisisacat,butIdon"tknowname.9.1"maChineseboy.nameisMaWeiping.10.Lookatthatman.Canyouspellname?11.1knowthatwoman.bikeisveryold.9.MrYcisnothere.Where"s?10.WhatisthisinEnglish?Isadog?11.-…AreMrs.Read?Sony,amMr.Black.12.Excuse,isaJapanesecar?13.isanewstudent.What"sname?14.Hi,Jack・ThisisfricndWhenareweeat?A,toB,going3、halfpasttwelve・A，onB,inC,atC,tocatD，eatingc,goingtoD,gotoD,to 4,IaveryfunnydayonSaturday.A,haveB,hadC,hasD,having5,Whocancomeouthelpme?A,toB,forC,/D,on6,Everyonehellotothem.A,sayB,saidC,saysD,saying7,I"minthat.A,interestB,interestedC,interestingD,interests&Whogiveityou?A,toB,inC,forD,on9,EveryoneinChinawasveryA,exciteB,excitedC,exciting10,Hewasveryproudhim.A,onB,in11,Itwasverydifficulther.A,ofB,for12,Hewentaroundtheworldherstory.C,forD,ofC,onD,toA,tellB,totellC,tellsD,told10113,Itseasymistakes.A,makeB,makingC,tomakeD,todo14,WeD,my15，Becauseitarcgoingtoplaybaseball.A,/B,aC;theescapedthezoo.A,fromB,toC,inD,at四、找出划线部分发音与其它单词不同的选项(10分)()1、A.nameB.bagC.atD.and()2、A.tenB.deskC.bedD.me()3、A.liveB.hisC.fiveD.fish()4、A.onB.noC・shopD.not()5、A.useB.muchC.butD.lunch五、用扌忑号)1.What"sthis?Thisiseraser.A.anB.aC.theD.two()2.Heisplayingpianoandsheisplayingfootball.A.the;/B・/;/C・/;theD.a;the()3.HaveyougotamapShanghai?A.ofB・=sC.inD.to102()4.LilyiswearingpurpleshortsThursdaymorning.A.atB.inC.onD.to()5.It"stimehavelunch.A.forB.toC.atD.on七、给问句选答句(10分)()1>HowdoesAmyfeel?A.WentswimmingSheistired.()2、Whatdidyoudolastweekend?B、Heisateacher()3.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?C、Itcomesfromthecloudo()4、Whatyourfather?D^Wchavesocialstudies.()5>WhatdoyouhaveonMonday?E、Sheistired.八、从所给的选项中选择恰当的句子补全对话(10分)Helen:Whatareyoulookingat,Tom?Tom:Helen:Tom:I"11leaveonthefirstoftheNewYea匚Helen:Howwillyougetthere?Tom:Helen:MyDadwenttotherelastyear.Tom:A.Whenwillyouleave?B.Byplane.C.Thatgreat!D.TheGreatWall,I_mgoingthereonholiday.E・Iwanttogothere,too. 九、根据短文103comeintotheroomduringtheday.Ilikeit.Buthewaswrong・Thesunisalwaysinthenorthinthecity.Doyouknowwhy?()1.TheEnglishstudentwenttoAustraliaforatrip.()2.Heknowsthecityverywell.()3.ThesunisalwaysIthenorthinthatcity.()4.Helikedtheroombecausehethoughtthesunwouldcomeintotheroomduringtheday・()5.TheEnglishstudentwaswrongbecausethecityisnearthesouthendoftheearth.104105