英语语法大全之谓语的47种类型9 20页

济南沃尔得国际英语25．S+LV+N（Johnwasaboy．）约有40个系动词可用名词或代词作补语：a．Hewasateacher．Itwashisbook．Thatishe（orhim）．ItwasI（orme）．Iammyownman．Hefeltafool（oraking，achildagain，amillionaire，afreemanagain）．Hebecameadoctor．Hecommenced（archaic）writer（orcarpenter）．Heturned（ratherunexpectedly）thief（oroptimist，socialist，author，tailor）．Theyturnedthief（orthieves）．Itgrewtobeabigtree．Thechildhasgrowntobeman．Shegrewuptobeaprettygirl．（tobe常省略，可参阅1440节）Heturnedoutagooddoctor（orarobber）．Itturnedoutafoolishidea（oraneffectivemeasure）．Itwillturnoutadream．Heloomedupahorriblefigure．Heprovedathief（oragoodfather）．Itprovedaneffectivemeasure．Itprovedagreatsuccess（orabadproject）．Cf．1441b．Heremainedabachelor．Theycontinuedgoodfriends．Shewillstayawidowfortherestofherlife．Thecaserestsamystery．Cf．1442Helooked（sometimeslookedtobe）afool（ordaggers，compassion，thedoctorthathewas）．Myhutlooksawreck（orapalacetome）．Hedoesnotlookhimself．Heappearedathief．Heseemedagoodboy．Itsoundsagoodplan（ornonsense）．Itloomedafearfulfigure．Hefellapreytoatiger（oravictimtohisownfolly，asacrificetoyourscheme）．c．Shestoodapeonyandwalkedalily．Hestoodgodfathertome（orsentinel，sponsor）．Hestoodagiant（ormyfriend）．Heposedthetallestofthemall．Hesatthereaguest．Hewentanenemyandreturnedafriend．Wepartedthebestfriends．Hecameoutadifferentman．Hecameoffaloser（orawinner，againer）．Heemergedavictor．Hediedasaint（orabeggar，abachelor，aprisoner）．Helivedalonelyman（orabachelor）．Hecamehomeamillionaire．Hereturnedasadderandawiserman．Heleftschoolagoodscientist．Hedidcookanddidhost．Heplayedtruant（orthefool）．He1www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语actedbestmanforme．Sheactedhostess．HewentcabinboytoSingapore．Hewentapprenticetoatrade．Hewillgobail（orsecurity）forthat（orforJohn）．（在很多句子中，动词和其后面的名词之间可以插入“as"）Cf．1444d．Itmeanthappiness（orloss）．Liquormeansdeath．Itspeltruin（ordeath，disaster）．AequalsB．Twoandfourmakesix．Hewillmakeagoodteacher．Theplacemakesaheaven．Johnmadeone（orthefifth）ofthecompany．Sevendaysconstituteaweek．Heconstitutesaburdenonthefamily．Didhelook（orseem，remain）ascholar？Helooked（orseemed，remained）so（=ascholar）．IamnotaslavebutIfeelso（=aslave）．Hedecidedtobeascientist，andhebecomesso（=ascientist）．“muchof（或somewhatof，littleof…）+名词”可以用作补语：Heismuchofagentleman（oralawyer，arascal）．（=Heisquiteagentleman，…）Heissomewhatofapolitician．（=Heisinsomedegreeapolitician．）Helooksmoreof（a）gentlemanthan（a）rogue．Hebecamelessofagentlemanthanarogue．Heisenoughofaphilosophertokeepcold．一个抽象名词或具体名词用在具体主语后时，有时和一个由形容词表示的补语意思相近，若和all或一些其他特别词连用，则表示“极大程度”：a．Heisallmirth，allconfusion，allattention，allkindness，allanxiety，allastonishment，alllife，alldignity，allwisdom，allpoliteness，allgratitute，allachesandpains，allairsandgraces，alltalkandnodeed．（=Heisextremelymerry，extremelyconfused，…）Sheisalltears，allthumbs，allsmiles，alleyes，allears，allskinandbones，alllegsandbreasts（=extremelysad，extremelyclumsy，extremelycheerful，extremelyattentive，…）Heisallboy（orallfarmer）（=showingallcharacteristicsofaboy，…）2www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Thechestisall（=fullof）preciousbooks（ordiamonds）．Heisthepicture（ormodel，image，pattern，epitome，paragon）ofwisdom．Heisthespirit（orsoul，essence，crystalization）ofhonour（ormeanness，selfishness）．Hebecamecrueltyitself（orincarnate，embodied，personified，crystalized）．b．Johnisimmensefun（=fulloffun）．Mystudioischaos．Lifeisallglamour．Ishegoodpay（=financiallyreliable）？Whisperingisbadmanners（orgoodfun）．Thissentenceisbadgrammar（=grammaticallywrong）．Johnisgood（orpoor）company（=friendlyorunfriendly）．Icouldbemorehelp．Thisisnomatter（=unimportant）．Thistruckisnouse（=useless）．Thnovelisnineteenthcentury．OurpartyisMondaynight．Thiscarisagreencolour（=green），anAmericanmake．Whatyearisyourcar？Thesetwoshirtsarethesamesize，butdifferentshapes．Whatdirectionisthepostoffice？Mypenistwodollars．3www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Shedoesn"slookherage．Wearethesameage，butyoudon"tlookyourthirtyyears．Cf．1455普通名词、集体名词、物质名词也偶尔用作带形容词意义的补语。注意它们前面常常不加冠词：c．Heisfool（orrogue）（=foolishorroguish）（普通名词）enoughtosaythat．Heisgentlemanenoughtostandfirm．Hebecamefullymasterof（=proficientin）mathematics．Heisrightwing（集体名词）Histasteismiddle-class．TheclergymanischurchofEngland．JohnisCambridgeUniversity．Thiswatchisgold（物质名词）．Mydressissilk．TheimageisplasterofParis．ThispoemisShakespeare（专有名词）．26．S+LV+AP（Johnwasin．）只有be可以用地点副词作补语，其他系动词很少这样用。在这里地点副词起形容词的作用，往往不表示地点而表示别的东西：a．Somebodywasabout（=near）．Hewillbeabout（=active）againafterheleavesthehospital．Heisnowup（orout）andabout（oraround）（＝activeafteranillness）．Lotsofbooksareabout（=available）inthiscity．Influenzaisabout（=hereandthere）inthisarea，Heisnotabout（=veryunwilling）（美语）toadmithisfault．b．Hehasbeenaround（=issophisticated）．4www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语c．Thehammerisaway（=putaway）inthebox．d．Nobodywasby（=near）．Noneofhisrelativesareclose（ornear）by．e．Heisnotyetdown（＝Hehasnotyetdressedandcomedownstairs）．Thetideisdown（=out）．Heisdownwith（＝illinbedwith）acold．Theriverisdown．Thesun（orThemoon）isdown．Thetyreisdown（=flat）．Therate（orTheprice，Hertemperature）isdown（=hasbecomelower）．Heseemsterriblydown（=depressed）abouthisdefeat．Heappearsdownandout（=utterlydefeated，inverybadcircumstances）．Heisdowninthemouth（＝sad）．Heisdowntotwodollars（=hasonlytwodollarsleft）．Sheisdownfor（=ontheprogramfor）asong．Hewillbedownon（=lookdownon）meforthismistake．Hewasdown（=failed）intheexam．Yourwordsaredown（＝written）inthecontract．f．Heishomefromschool．Theyarebackbysix．g．Ishein（=athomeorintheoffice）？Isthetrain（orthesteamer）in（=arrived）？Orangesarenowin（inseason）．Summerisin（＝come）．Hehasbeenin（＝inoffice，inpower）fortwoyears．Ashortskirtisin（=infashion）．Thericecropis［safely］in（＝hasbeenreaped）．Applicationsshouldbein（=received）byMay3．I"minfor（=willjoin）thecontest．Weareinfor（=willsuffer）apunishment．h．Imustbeoff（＝go）now．Thetrainisoff（=hasstarted）．Thechurchismilesoff（=away）．Christmasisnotfaroff．Theelectricity（orThewater，Thegas）isoff（=noton，nomoreavailable）．Thisgiftarticlewasoff（＝nomoreavailable）monthsago．Themeeting（orThepicnic，Theengagement）isoff（=cancelled）．Heiswell（orbadly，ill）off（=ingood［orbad］circumstances）．Mywatchisoff（=wrong）．Hishatandovercoatwereoff（=hadbeentakenoff）．Thislampis30percentoff（=offitsregularprice）．Themeatisoff（=nolongerfresh）．I"moff（=freefromregularwork）today．i．Thewater（orTheelectricity，Thelight，Thetap，Theradio）ison（＝running，functioning，inaction）．Thebattle（orTherain，Theshow）ison；（＝goingon）．Whatison（=happening）inthestreet？Whatison（=onthepro-gram）atPalace？Hishatison（=onhishead）．Hiscaseison（=beingconsidered）．Dinnerison（=served）fromsixtoten．Allpassengersareon（＝inthevehicle）．5www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语f．Mybrotherisout（=notin，notathome）．Themanagerisout（＝notintheoffice）．Thesecretisout（=hasbecomeknown）．Thelatestnumberofthemagazineisout（＝published）today．Theresultsareout（=havebeenpub-lished）．Thestarsareout（=visible）．Mydaughterisal-readyout（=hasalreadybeenintroducedintosociety）．Thetideisout（=low）．Theflowersareallout（=open）．Thewine（orthecup）isout（=finished）．Mypurseisout（=empty）．Thetermisout（=finished）．Theleaseisout（=attheendoftheterm）．Schoolisout（=over）．Ishallreturnbeforetheweekisout（=finished）．Thecandle（orThefire）isout（=hasbeenextinguished）．TheRepublicanPartyisout（=notinpower）．Theroadisout（=impassable）duetosnow．Someprisonersareout（=re-leased）．Thishairdohasbeenout（=outoffashion）for5months．Thelabourersareout（=onstrike，outofajob）．Myhandisout（=outofpractice）．Twoplayerswereout（=hadlosttherighttoplay）．Youareout（=wrong）inyourguess．Mywatchistenminutesout（=toofastortooslow）．Theyareout（=atodds）witheachother．k．Thestorm（orTherain，Theshow，Thewar）wasover（=hasended-oppositetoon）．Itisallover（=allfinished）withme．Theteapartyisnearlyover．Somefriendswereover（=camehere）yesterday．Somemoneyisstillover（=remaining）．He"llbeover（=there）（口语体）atsix．l．Heisnotatallthere（orhere）（=crazy）．（俚语）m．Whenwillyoubethroughwith（=finish）mynovel？Iamthroughfortheday（=havefinishedtoday"swork）．Igetthroughwithmyworkat6p．m．．Heisthroughinpolitics（=Hispoliticallifeisfinished）．Iamthroughwithyou（=Ourfriendshipisnomore）．Youarethrough（=Telephoneconnectionhasbeenmade）．n．Themoon（orThesun）isup（=hasrisen）．Prices（orSales）areup（=havebecomehigher）．Aquestionisup（＝arises）．Hewasup（=didnotsleep）allnight．Heisnotup（=hasnotleftbed）yet．Letusbeupanddoing（＝activeandbusy）．Thecountryisup（=rising）．Mybloodisup（＝Iamangry）．Therebelswereup．Parliamentisup（＝nolongerinsession）．Yourchanceisup（＝finished）．Timeisup（=Theallotedtimehasterminated）．Histime（orHisterm，Hisleave）isup．Whatisup（＝happening）withyou．Itisallup（=allfinished，hopeless）withhim．Heseemswellupin（=wellacquaintedwith）thissubject（orcurrentevents）．Hewillbeup（＝gotoahigherplaceoralargecity）．Hewillbeupandaround（＝well）againsoon．Heisup（=ontrial）incourt．6www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语o．Heisalone（oraway，aloof，asleep，agape）．Itisashore（oraflame，afloat，abloom）．（这些是作补语的形容词，前面带有前缀a-，有些并不是“地点”副词。）WereistheGreatWall？Whenisherwedding？Howareyou？（这里用疑问词作补语）27．S+LV+P．NorP．G（Johnwasinabadtemper．）约有15个系动词可用介词短语作补语：HeisinRoomSix．Theyhavebeenattheweddingparty．Thebookseemsaboutsomeformofrevolution．Myhouseiswithoutwater．Aretheyfororagainsttheproposal？IamfromTibet．这些短语可能是通常在系动词后用的成语：a．Hewasathand（oratwork）．Hewasindebt（orinpower，inpain）．Hewasonduty，（oronedge，onthephone）．Hewasoutofoffice（oroutofwork）．Hewasunderoxygen．Hewasbeyondhimselfwithgrief．Itwasbelowsealevel（orbelowtheaverage）．Itwasbeneathcontempt（orbeneathcriticism）．Itwasbeyondrepair（orbeyondbelief）．Itwasinblossom（orinfashion）．Itwasonsale（oronice）．Itwasoutofcontext．7www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Itwasallovertheplace（ofItissimplyovermyhead）．Itwaswithinone"sgrasp（orwithinsight）．b．Ifeelathome（oroutofsorts，uptoit，atease）．Ithasbecomeofnouse．Theygrewatvariance（oroutoftemper）．Heseemedathiswit"sends．Thenewsseemedoutofdoubt．Yourremarkappearedoutofplace．Heappearedoutofhismind．Heappearedjustoutofschool．Helooksingoodhealth．Shedoesnotlookatease．Itlookedoutofplace．Itsmellsfish．Ittastesofonion．Theykeptintouchwithme．Ourworldremainsoutoforder．Thesituationcontinuedoutoftune．Hewentoffhishead（oroutofhismind，intoecstasies）．Hestoodinterror（orinawe，indreadofit，inmeedofit）．Ilayathismercy．Thecityliesinruins．介词的宾语可以是一个动名词：Thatislikethrowingpearlsbeforeswine．Sheisnearcrying．Itisworthdoing．Sheisabovemarryingsuchaman．Heisagainstdeclaringwar．Heisforfightingtothelastman．Heispastrelenting．1455在系动词后，use，age，size，colour这类名词前的of常常省略：Itisofnouse（=useless）．Itisofeducationalinterest（=interestingineducation）．Itisofsomeconsequence．Itisoflittlevalue．8www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语（Of）Whatageishe？Heis（of）yourage．Theyare（of）thesameage．thesamesex，thesametaste．Theyaresocietypeople，butnotourtype；Wearenotthatsort．（Of）Whatsize（orshape，length，height）isIt？Theanimalisthesizeofanox（ortheshapeofabird）．Thesetwobuildingsarethesameheight．Thestreetistherightwidth．Thebedisjustthelengthhelikes．Heisalongfigure．Theroomisahundredfeetsquare．It"sgoodqualityandagooddesign．Whatcolouristhetable？Thetableisadarkyellow（orthecolourofyourchairs）．Whatpriceisthecar？（Cf．Howmuchisthecar？）Thecaristwentythousanddollars．Whatweightisthepork？Theporkistwokilograms．Whatuseisthisstick？Thestickisnouse．Thedogismuchservicetomen．Whatgoodisthiscat？It"snogood．Whatpartofspeechistheword“go”？约有10个系动词可和名词连用，表示数目或尺寸。这些名词前可说省略了某些介词。不过多数字典都认为这些动词是不及物动词（若真是不及物动词，它应可以独用，在它后面不需加上日期，尺寸或重量的词。）：Thejourneycoststendays（orfivethousanddollars）．Theworkcostsalotofcare．Thesugarweighsfivekilograms．Thetablemeasurestwofeetinwidthandfourfeetinlength．Thethermometerreads（orregisters，indicates）30℃．Helooksonlytwentyyearsofage．Hestoodfivefeet．Therainfallaverages52inchesayear．9www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Theworkersaverageeighthoursaday．Thestudentstotaltwothousand．Thetroopsnumberedtwentythousand．28．S＋LV＋I（Johnwastocomeatsix．）约有10个系动词可以用不定式作补语。这些系动词中最重要的是be．a．不定式可以用作名词型的补语，表示某个动作和抽象主语所指是同样东西：Myaim（抽象主语）istoassistyou（orforhimtoleadahappylife，forMarytogotocollege）．Hisadviceisforyoutoadmityourmistakes（ortofighttothelastman）．OurdifficultywastomasterEnglishinayear（ortohavetosmileinthepresenceofourbossallthetime）．Toteachistolearn．Toboastistocheat．Toliveistosufferandtostruggleuntilourdeath．b．不定式也可以用作形容词型的补语，表示主语的动作或品质。主语可以是抽象的东西，也可以是具体的东西：Thisbook（事物）istoberead（＝readable）bychildren．Thisherbisnottobeeaten（=edible）．Thehouseistoprotectusfromrain，sunshineandtheft．Moneyistobespent．We（人）aretogetmarriednextSunday．Maryistogotocollegenextyear．IamtoteachEnglishgrammar．Johnistodieat90．Music（抽象名词）istoentertainandraiseourspirit．Grammaristoassistusinwritinggoodsentences．Theworstistocome．Heistoblame（＝tobeblamed）．Thehouseistolet（=tobelet）．（有被动意义。）10www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语在下面句子中有be以外的系动词，后面可跟不定式：Thereportproves（orturnsout）tobetrue．Heprovedtoknowitall．Thesituationappearstobeimproving．Itlookstobeeasy．Theletterseemedtohavebeentemperedwith．Hecan"tseemtosee（=Heseemsunabletosee）．Hegrewtoknowtheworld．Hegrewtobelieveit．Hecametohateher（ortoknowher，tohearit，tobelieveit）．Thisplacehascometobeusedasaschool．Heisgettingtobe（=isbecoming）anicefellow．Kimgottobe（=became）well-known．Thistheoryremainstobetested．Hecontinuestobefaithful．Hestandsto（=issureto）win（orgain，lose）．如果主语是不定式，或是补语很长，那么用不定式作补语比用动名词作补语更好一些：Hispurposeistodiscover（而不用discovering）whoisthemostfaithfulofhisfriends．Hishabithasbeentoeatbreak-fastafterbrushinghisteeth．Torespectothersistoberespected（而不用beingrespected）．（=Ifyourespectothers，youwillberespected．）Tokeepsilentistosaveplentyoftrouble．（=Ifyoukeepsilent，youwillsaveplentyoftrouble．）29．S＋LV＋G（John"sproblemwashavingtodoitatonce．）只有系动词be可以用动名词作补语：Hisproblemwashavingtogetoveralltheseobstacles．Thatistellingalie．Thatwouldbegoingtoofar．Myobjectiveisfinishingtheworkassoonaspossible．Myproblemwashavingtogeteverythingreadybysix．Hisdistresswashavingtoomuchmoney11www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语andtoomanywives．Hisbadhabithasbeengettinguplate．Mymistakeisstudyingliterature．Leavingalargefortunetochildrenisencouragingthemtobegood-for-things．（如果主语是动名词，则用动名词作补语，比用不定式作补语时多。）Savingishaving．Seeingisbelieving．注：在这类句子中，主语必须是抽象名词或动名词，be表示主语和补语是指同样东西。但在Johnisstudying．Thewindisblowing．Thestoryisinteresting．Thischildischarming．这类句子中，动词的-ing形式表示主语的动作或特点，因此是谓语动词或是分词，而不是动名词。外形相似，但意义不同。30．S＋LV＋That-Cl（John"sproblemwasthathehadtodoitatonce．）在所有系动词中只有be能用that引起的从句作补语：Hisproblemwasthathehadtogetovertheseobstacles．Thechancesarethathewillfail．Hisorderisthatevery-bodyshouldcomeatseven．NotthatshelovesBob，butthatshelovessociety．（=Itisnotthat…butitisthat…）It"snotsomuchthatIloverherasthatshelovesme．See和appear可用来代替be，但只能在主语为it时这样用：Itseemed（=orappeared）thathewasright．（=Theap-pearancewasthathewasright．）31．S＋LV＋W-ClorW-I（John"sproblemwaswhatheshouldstudyorwhattostudy．）在所有系动词中只有be能用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作补语：12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语That（orThis）iswhyIhavecome（orwhyIworry）．Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart．Ourproblemiswhattodo，wheretogo，howtobegin．Ourquestionishowcanwestopthisbloodshedandwhenshallweliveapeacefullife？（注意主语前的助动词和句末的问号）MyquestioniswhattodoafterIamgraduated．32．S＋LV．A．P．＋NorG或S＋LV．PrP．P＋NorG或S＋LV．PaP．P＋NorG（Johnwasafraidofdogs．）约有30个系动词跟有一个形容词（或分词）及一个合适的介词，在语法上等于一个及物动词。有时甚至可以找出意思与这种动词短语意思相近的单一及物动词。Be是这类系动词中最重要的一个：a．Heisconsciousof[orisaliveto]（＝knows）（LV．A．P）hissituation（orbeingsuspected）．Heisshortof（＝lacks）money．Johnisdesirousof（＝desires）fame（orgoingabroad）．Thisissimilarto（＝resembles）that．Sheisvoidof（＝hasno）commonsense．Theyarefearfulof（=fear）rats（orbeingsearched）．Sheisfondof（＝likes）flowers．Heisaverseto（=dislikes）tobacco（orhelpinganyone）．Hisfaceissuggestiveof（=suggests）contempt．Heisfamousforhospitality．Heisattentivetothelecture．Thesebooksarereadablebyyoungmenonly．Hiswritingsareunintelligiblebycommonpeople．Hersingingwasaudiblebythefarthestseats．Themovieisenjoyablebyanybody．Heisequaltomeetinganycrisis．Theywerebentondoingevil．Allthingsaresubjecttodecay．Iamsorryforhim．Sheissoreatme．She"scuckooondress．b．Thisstoryisinterestingto（=interests）（LV．PrP．P）everychild．Themoviewasamusingto（=amused）theaudience．Hisexpressionwaspleasingto（=pleased）hisfriends．Theresultisshockingto（=shocks）ourteam．13www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语c．Wateriscomposedof（=comprises）（LV．PaP．P）oxygenandhydrogen．Heispleasedwith（＝likes）mygift（orplayingwithchildren）．Johnwasaccustomed（orused）tocomfortablelife（orlivinginawarmclimate）．Heisreducedtopoverty（orbegging）．Johnisgiventoimtemperance（orlying）．Hewasstarvedtodeath．Thisismadeofiron．Heisqualifiedforthejob（orteaching）．Heisinterestedinchickens（orkeepingducks）．Heistiedupinacrime．一些其他系动词也可用于这种结构：a．Hefelttiredoflife；seemed（orappeared）astonishedatthenews．Thingsseemhardonme．Hebecameconsciousofthedanger；gotmarriedtoher；grewintoxicatedwithlove；wentdistractedwithgrief；fell（orcame）shortofhisduty；ranshortofprovisions（orhands，goods）．Hisincomefellshortoftheexpenditure．Hisworkfellshortofthestandard（orourexpectation，therequiredamount）．Hisspeechfellflatontheaudience．Thetaxfellheavyonthetenants．Itcameright（oreasy，natural，wrong，ill）tome．Theshipgotorran，fell）fouloftherocks（orajunk）．Thesewingmachineproved（orturnedout）usefultoourfamily．b．Heremainedignorantoftheserioussituation．Thepack-ageremainsuntouchedbyanyone．Thelibrarystaysopentothepublic．Hekeptalooffromothers．ShestayskeenonDavid，ateachershemetfiveyearsago．Youmayrestcertainofhissupport（orobtainingwhatyouwant）．Itsmells（ortastes，looks）badtohim，butgoodtome．Thestatementsoundsfunnytous．Hestoodmutewithrage．Theburdensatlight（oreasy）onme．Thecustompassescurrentamongmountaineers．Theremarkspassedunnoticedbyallpresent．Shefoughtshyofhim（orcannedfood）．Hemademerryoveranother"smishap．Imustmakesureofhisaddress．Hemakesfreewithmymoney．Theymadereadyforthefight．注：某些名词，例如enemy，可以用作形容词：Heisanenemy（=averse）tofalsehood．Heisafriendto（=fondof）literature．Hemaybemasterof（=proficientin）thissubject．14www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语33．S＋LV．P．N．P＋NorG（Johnwasinfearofdeath．）约有5个系动词（特别是be）可以和介词、名词和介词构成成语。这种成语在语法上相当于一个单一的及物动词，可以用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：a．Wewereatwarwith（=fought）them．Hewasattheheadof（＝headed）theprocession．Heisathomein（＝knows）English．Gamblingisatthebottomof（=causes）allevils．Heseemsatalossforwords．Theygrewatvariancewithus．Theyareatpeacewithus．Heremainsatthezenithofhisfame．Thissubjectisbeyondthereachof（=exceeds）myknowledge．Heappearedbesidehimselfwithjoy（orpraisinghim-self）．b．Theadventurerisinthedangerof（＝risks）losinghislife．Heisinafairwayto（＝approaches）success（orbeingpromoted）．Maryisinthemoodformusic（orlisteningtomusic）．Heisintheserviceof（=serves）Dr．Johnson．Heisincommandof（=commands）5000men．Sheisinthefirstblushofyouth．Heisinpartner-shipwithsomefriends．Itisaccordancewiththerules．Thedocumentsareinthehandsofajeweller．Heisinchargeofthislibrary．Thebookisinprocessofpublication．c．Heisonavisitto（=isvisiting）Japan．TheywereonanexpeditiontotheNorthPole．Theyareonthetrackof（＝arepursuing）acriminal．Iamonthelookoutfor（＝amfinding）ajob．Hewasonthebrinkof（=wasnearing）death．Heisonthehighroadtobeingpromoted．Heisonthepointofmovingtoanotherplace．Itisoutofkeepingwith（=violates）hiswords．Hebecameoutoffavourwithher．Hegrowsoutoftouchwiththetimes．Thissubjectgoesoutofthesphereofscience．Thisiswithinthereachofordinarymen．Heiswithinaninchofdestruction．34．S＋LV．A＋I或S＋LV．PaP＋I（Johnwasanxioustostudy．）15www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语一个系动词加上一个表示意愿的形容词（或过去分词）可构成动词短语，如果后面跟一个不定式（作宾语），这个短语在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可以这样用：Heisanxious（orconcerned）（=longs）togoabroad．Theyareimpatient（oreager，keen）（＝eagerlywish）togetmarried．Heisdisposed（ordesirous，inclined）（=likes）tofight．Afterlivingabroadforthirtyyears，sheisdyingtoseeherfatherland．Heseemsdetermined（ordecided，resolved）todivorceher．Heisready（orprompt）tohelpthepoor．Hegrowsinterestedtogetrich．Heappearswilling（orcontent，ready，prepared）toworkhard．Weareapt（orliable）tocriticizeothers．Afterthreemonthsofillness，heremainsambitioustostandfirstintheclass．Hefeltafraidtodisturbhisboss．Attheageoften，hebecamecurioustoknowaboutsex．Davidisgoing（=intends）tostudyelectronics．Weareagreed（=haveagreed）towaitandsee．Heisallwild（orcrazy，dying，burning）（=ferventlywishes）toownamotorcycle．Heisunwilling（oraverse，loath，reluctant）（=refuses）tohelpanyone．这样用的不定式可有一个意思上的主语：HeisanxiousforMarytostudyhard．=HeisanxiousthatMarystudy（orshallstudyorshouldstudy）hard．16www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heiseagerforhisstudentstopasstheexamination．=Heiseagerthathisstudentspass（orshallpassorshouldpass）theexamination．Heiswillingforhisdaughtertomarryapoorscholar．Iaminnohurryforyoutogetmarried．Heispleasedforyoutocomeover．副词too可以放在上面提到的形容词前，意思和very相同。但Heistoo（=very）anxioustospeak．和Heistooangrytospeak．不同，后者的意思是Heissoangrythathecannotspeak．此外，alltoo，buttoo，onlytoo可用来代替too，表示very，但意思更强一些。35．S＋LV．A．＋that-Cl或S＋LV．PaP＋that-Cl或S＋LV．P．N．＋that-Cl（Johnwasafraidthathismotherwouldscoldhim．）一个系动词和一个表示精神作用的形容词（或过去分词）可构成动词短语，在语法上相当于一个及物动词，后面可跟一个由that引起的从句作宾语。约有10个系动词能用在这种短语中：a．Iamsure（＝believe）thatheisathome．Hewasafraid（=feared）thathewouldfail．Iamnotdoubtful（=don"tdoubt）thathewillsucceed．Heisaware（＝knows）thatIcannothelphim．Iamglad（=rejoice）thatthewarisover．Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake．Imadecertain（orsure）thedoorwasclosed．Heremains（orkeeps）confidentthathewillwin．Heisignorant（orconscious，sensible，happy，thankful，…）thatevery-thingisOK．b．HeisdeeplyinterestedthatI"llstudyinFrance．Heappeared（orseemed）surprisedthatIsaid“no”．Hefelt（orgrew）worriedthatyoudidn"twrite．c．I"mamazed（orshocked，annoyed，irritated，disappointed，disturbed，upset）thatyoushouldrejectherlikethat．（在这类由that引起的从句中可用should表示感情，有时有likethat，so这类词和它一起用。）17www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语I"mglad（orpleased，grateful，satisfied）thatyoushouldreturnthemoneysofast．在书面语中的表示“不安”的词后，可用lest…should代替that…should：Heisafraidlestsheshould（ormight）revealthesecret．Ifeltuneasylestsheshouldhaveanaccident．Hewasimpatientlestheshouldbelate．在和虚拟语气的动词一起用时，that可有if的意思：Hewouldbehappythat（=if）youshouldfollowhisadvice．Ishouldbeastonishedthat（＝if）youcouldwinthegame．1480由于“介词+名词”有时相当于一个形容词，所以S＋LV．P．N＋that-Cl可以相当于S＋LV．A＋that-Cl。和S＋LV．P．N．P＋N一样，这种句型本可构成另一句型，但由于例句较少，为了处理上的方便，在这里一道处理：Heisundertheapprehension（=isapprehensive）thatagreatwarwillbreakout．Heisinhopes（＝ishopeful）thatyouwillrecoververysoon．Iamindread（=amafraid）thathewillfail．Hewasinfear（＝wasafraid）lestsheshouldbekilled．Iamofopinionthateverymanisagoodman．Heisundertheimpressionthatyourfamilyisveryhappy．That常可省略，特别是在一些常用形容词后的that从句中：Iamgladyouhavecome．Areyouafraidhewillbeangry？I"msorryyouarehurt．Sheissurehewillcome．在形容词（或分词）和that从句之间不要插入介词：18www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heisafraidofthathismotherwillscoldhim．（错句）IamsorryforthatIhavemadethesamemistake．（错句）36．S＋LV．A．（P）＋W-ClorW-I或S＋LV．PaP．（P）＋W-ClorW-I或S＋LV．P．N．（P）＋W-ClorW-I（Johnwasdoubtfulwhetherhewouldsucceedorwhattodonext．）由系动词加表示精神作用的形容词（或副词）和介词构成的短语，如果用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作宾语，它在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可用在这种短语中。介词常常省略掉（可参阅1478，1482节）a．Heisnotsure（of）whetheryouwillsucceed．Iamforgetful（of）whatIhavedone．Heappeared（orseemed）afraid（of）whatyouwoulddo．Igrowdoubtful（of）whethershelikesme．Hebecameaware（of）howyoutreatedhim．Heseemsignorant（of）whoishisfather．Hefeltsurprised（at）whyWangwaskilled．Becareful（of）howyouwritetoher．Heseemedreckless（of）whatwouldhappen．Heremainscurious（about）whysheneglectshim．Iamamazed（at）howhehassucceeded．Heisindifferent（to）whatyousaid．Iamnotcertain（of）whenthisoughttobedone．Hegrowsfussy（about）howhismealsarecooked．b．Heisnotsure（about）howtodoit．Heiscareful（of）whattosay．Heisnotsure（of）whethertoresignornot（=whetherheshouldresignornot）．Iamforgetful（of）whattodo（=whatImustdo）．Igrowdoubtful（of）wheretofindajob（=whereIcanfindajob）．Heseemsignorant（of）whentogobacktoschoolafterthevacation．Heisindifferent（to）whatfoodtoeatandwhatworktodo．Hegrowsfussy（about）whattodrink．Johnseemspuzzled（about）whattosay．Heremaineddoubtful（of）wheretofindawife．Hegrewcurious（about）howtomakeatoy．由于“介词+名词”有时在语法上相当于一个形容词，在本节中将LV．P．N和LV．A合并处理可能是适当的（参阅1480）：a．Heisindoubt（=isdoubtful）（asto）whatwecoulddo．Iaminapuzzle（=ampuzzled）（about）whatstepImusttake．Iamatsea（=ampuzzled）（about）howhedidit．Iamatmywit"send（orinperplexity）（about）whichwaytotake，whethertogetmarriedornot．19www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语b．Heisindoubtwhattodo．Iaminapuzzle（about）whatsteptotake．Heisallatsea（about）howtobegin．Iamatmywit"send（orinperplexity，intwominds，inseveralminds）（about）whichwaytotake，whethertogetmarriedortocontinuemystudy．20www.jnworld.cn