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  • 2022-06-17 15:58:47 发布

英语语法大全之谓语的47种类型9

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济南沃尔得国际英语25.S+LV+N(Johnwasaboy.)约有40个系动词可用名词或代词作补语:a.Hewasateacher.Itwashisbook.Thatishe(orhim).ItwasI(orme).Iammyownman.Hefeltafool(oraking,achildagain,amillionaire,afreemanagain).Hebecameadoctor.Hecommenced(archaic)writer(orcarpenter).Heturned(ratherunexpectedly)thief(oroptimist,socialist,author,tailor).Theyturnedthief(orthieves).Itgrewtobeabigtree.Thechildhasgrowntobeman.Shegrewuptobeaprettygirl.(tobe常省略,可参阅1440节)Heturnedoutagooddoctor(orarobber).Itturnedoutafoolishidea(oraneffectivemeasure).Itwillturnoutadream.Heloomedupahorriblefigure.Heprovedathief(oragoodfather).Itprovedaneffectivemeasure.Itprovedagreatsuccess(orabadproject).Cf.1441b.Heremainedabachelor.Theycontinuedgoodfriends.Shewillstayawidowfortherestofherlife.Thecaserestsamystery.Cf.1442Helooked(sometimeslookedtobe)afool(ordaggers,compassion,thedoctorthathewas).Myhutlooksawreck(orapalacetome).Hedoesnotlookhimself.Heappearedathief.Heseemedagoodboy.Itsoundsagoodplan(ornonsense).Itloomedafearfulfigure.Hefellapreytoatiger(oravictimtohisownfolly,asacrificetoyourscheme).c.Shestoodapeonyandwalkedalily.Hestoodgodfathertome(orsentinel,sponsor).Hestoodagiant(ormyfriend).Heposedthetallestofthemall.Hesatthereaguest.Hewentanenemyandreturnedafriend.Wepartedthebestfriends.Hecameoutadifferentman.Hecameoffaloser(orawinner,againer).Heemergedavictor.Hediedasaint(orabeggar,abachelor,aprisoner).Helivedalonelyman(orabachelor).Hecamehomeamillionaire.Hereturnedasadderandawiserman.Heleftschoolagoodscientist.Hedidcookanddidhost.Heplayedtruant(orthefool).He1www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语actedbestmanforme.Sheactedhostess.HewentcabinboytoSingapore.Hewentapprenticetoatrade.Hewillgobail(orsecurity)forthat(orforJohn).(在很多句子中,动词和其后面的名词之间可以插入“as")Cf.1444d.Itmeanthappiness(orloss).Liquormeansdeath.Itspeltruin(ordeath,disaster).AequalsB.Twoandfourmakesix.Hewillmakeagoodteacher.Theplacemakesaheaven.Johnmadeone(orthefifth)ofthecompany.Sevendaysconstituteaweek.Heconstitutesaburdenonthefamily.Didhelook(orseem,remain)ascholar?Helooked(orseemed,remained)so(=ascholar).IamnotaslavebutIfeelso(=aslave).Hedecidedtobeascientist,andhebecomesso(=ascientist).“muchof(或somewhatof,littleof…)+名词”可以用作补语:Heismuchofagentleman(oralawyer,arascal).(=Heisquiteagentleman,…)Heissomewhatofapolitician.(=Heisinsomedegreeapolitician.)Helooksmoreof(a)gentlemanthan(a)rogue.Hebecamelessofagentlemanthanarogue.Heisenoughofaphilosophertokeepcold.一个抽象名词或具体名词用在具体主语后时,有时和一个由形容词表示的补语意思相近,若和all或一些其他特别词连用,则表示“极大程度”:a.Heisallmirth,allconfusion,allattention,allkindness,allanxiety,allastonishment,alllife,alldignity,allwisdom,allpoliteness,allgratitute,allachesandpains,allairsandgraces,alltalkandnodeed.(=Heisextremelymerry,extremelyconfused,…)Sheisalltears,allthumbs,allsmiles,alleyes,allears,allskinandbones,alllegsandbreasts(=extremelysad,extremelyclumsy,extremelycheerful,extremelyattentive,…)Heisallboy(orallfarmer)(=showingallcharacteristicsofaboy,…)2www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Thechestisall(=fullof)preciousbooks(ordiamonds).Heisthepicture(ormodel,image,pattern,epitome,paragon)ofwisdom.Heisthespirit(orsoul,essence,crystalization)ofhonour(ormeanness,selfishness).Hebecamecrueltyitself(orincarnate,embodied,personified,crystalized).b.Johnisimmensefun(=fulloffun).Mystudioischaos.Lifeisallglamour.Ishegoodpay(=financiallyreliable)?Whisperingisbadmanners(orgoodfun).Thissentenceisbadgrammar(=grammaticallywrong).Johnisgood(orpoor)company(=friendlyorunfriendly).Icouldbemorehelp.Thisisnomatter(=unimportant).Thistruckisnouse(=useless).Thnovelisnineteenthcentury.OurpartyisMondaynight.Thiscarisagreencolour(=green),anAmericanmake.Whatyearisyourcar?Thesetwoshirtsarethesamesize,butdifferentshapes.Whatdirectionisthepostoffice?Mypenistwodollars.3www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Shedoesn"slookherage.Wearethesameage,butyoudon"tlookyourthirtyyears.Cf.1455普通名词、集体名词、物质名词也偶尔用作带形容词意义的补语。注意它们前面常常不加冠词:c.Heisfool(orrogue)(=foolishorroguish)(普通名词)enoughtosaythat.Heisgentlemanenoughtostandfirm.Hebecamefullymasterof(=proficientin)mathematics.Heisrightwing(集体名词)Histasteismiddle-class.TheclergymanischurchofEngland.JohnisCambridgeUniversity.Thiswatchisgold(物质名词).Mydressissilk.TheimageisplasterofParis.ThispoemisShakespeare(专有名词).26.S+LV+AP(Johnwasin.)只有be可以用地点副词作补语,其他系动词很少这样用。在这里地点副词起形容词的作用,往往不表示地点而表示别的东西:a.Somebodywasabout(=near).Hewillbeabout(=active)againafterheleavesthehospital.Heisnowup(orout)andabout(oraround)(=activeafteranillness).Lotsofbooksareabout(=available)inthiscity.Influenzaisabout(=hereandthere)inthisarea,Heisnotabout(=veryunwilling)(美语)toadmithisfault.b.Hehasbeenaround(=issophisticated).4www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语c.Thehammerisaway(=putaway)inthebox.d.Nobodywasby(=near).Noneofhisrelativesareclose(ornear)by.e.Heisnotyetdown(=Hehasnotyetdressedandcomedownstairs).Thetideisdown(=out).Heisdownwith(=illinbedwith)acold.Theriverisdown.Thesun(orThemoon)isdown.Thetyreisdown(=flat).Therate(orTheprice,Hertemperature)isdown(=hasbecomelower).Heseemsterriblydown(=depressed)abouthisdefeat.Heappearsdownandout(=utterlydefeated,inverybadcircumstances).Heisdowninthemouth(=sad).Heisdowntotwodollars(=hasonlytwodollarsleft).Sheisdownfor(=ontheprogramfor)asong.Hewillbedownon(=lookdownon)meforthismistake.Hewasdown(=failed)intheexam.Yourwordsaredown(=written)inthecontract.f.Heishomefromschool.Theyarebackbysix.g.Ishein(=athomeorintheoffice)?Isthetrain(orthesteamer)in(=arrived)?Orangesarenowin(inseason).Summerisin(=come).Hehasbeenin(=inoffice,inpower)fortwoyears.Ashortskirtisin(=infashion).Thericecropis[safely]in(=hasbeenreaped).Applicationsshouldbein(=received)byMay3.I"minfor(=willjoin)thecontest.Weareinfor(=willsuffer)apunishment.h.Imustbeoff(=go)now.Thetrainisoff(=hasstarted).Thechurchismilesoff(=away).Christmasisnotfaroff.Theelectricity(orThewater,Thegas)isoff(=noton,nomoreavailable).Thisgiftarticlewasoff(=nomoreavailable)monthsago.Themeeting(orThepicnic,Theengagement)isoff(=cancelled).Heiswell(orbadly,ill)off(=ingood[orbad]circumstances).Mywatchisoff(=wrong).Hishatandovercoatwereoff(=hadbeentakenoff).Thislampis30percentoff(=offitsregularprice).Themeatisoff(=nolongerfresh).I"moff(=freefromregularwork)today.i.Thewater(orTheelectricity,Thelight,Thetap,Theradio)ison(=running,functioning,inaction).Thebattle(orTherain,Theshow)ison;(=goingon).Whatison(=happening)inthestreet?Whatison(=onthepro-gram)atPalace?Hishatison(=onhishead).Hiscaseison(=beingconsidered).Dinnerison(=served)fromsixtoten.Allpassengersareon(=inthevehicle).5www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语f.Mybrotherisout(=notin,notathome).Themanagerisout(=notintheoffice).Thesecretisout(=hasbecomeknown).Thelatestnumberofthemagazineisout(=published)today.Theresultsareout(=havebeenpub-lished).Thestarsareout(=visible).Mydaughterisal-readyout(=hasalreadybeenintroducedintosociety).Thetideisout(=low).Theflowersareallout(=open).Thewine(orthecup)isout(=finished).Mypurseisout(=empty).Thetermisout(=finished).Theleaseisout(=attheendoftheterm).Schoolisout(=over).Ishallreturnbeforetheweekisout(=finished).Thecandle(orThefire)isout(=hasbeenextinguished).TheRepublicanPartyisout(=notinpower).Theroadisout(=impassable)duetosnow.Someprisonersareout(=re-leased).Thishairdohasbeenout(=outoffashion)for5months.Thelabourersareout(=onstrike,outofajob).Myhandisout(=outofpractice).Twoplayerswereout(=hadlosttherighttoplay).Youareout(=wrong)inyourguess.Mywatchistenminutesout(=toofastortooslow).Theyareout(=atodds)witheachother.k.Thestorm(orTherain,Theshow,Thewar)wasover(=hasended-oppositetoon).Itisallover(=allfinished)withme.Theteapartyisnearlyover.Somefriendswereover(=camehere)yesterday.Somemoneyisstillover(=remaining).He"llbeover(=there)(口语体)atsix.l.Heisnotatallthere(orhere)(=crazy).(俚语)m.Whenwillyoubethroughwith(=finish)mynovel?Iamthroughfortheday(=havefinishedtoday"swork).Igetthroughwithmyworkat6p.m..Heisthroughinpolitics(=Hispoliticallifeisfinished).Iamthroughwithyou(=Ourfriendshipisnomore).Youarethrough(=Telephoneconnectionhasbeenmade).n.Themoon(orThesun)isup(=hasrisen).Prices(orSales)areup(=havebecomehigher).Aquestionisup(=arises).Hewasup(=didnotsleep)allnight.Heisnotup(=hasnotleftbed)yet.Letusbeupanddoing(=activeandbusy).Thecountryisup(=rising).Mybloodisup(=Iamangry).Therebelswereup.Parliamentisup(=nolongerinsession).Yourchanceisup(=finished).Timeisup(=Theallotedtimehasterminated).Histime(orHisterm,Hisleave)isup.Whatisup(=happening)withyou.Itisallup(=allfinished,hopeless)withhim.Heseemswellupin(=wellacquaintedwith)thissubject(orcurrentevents).Hewillbeup(=gotoahigherplaceoralargecity).Hewillbeupandaround(=well)againsoon.Heisup(=ontrial)incourt.6www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语o.Heisalone(oraway,aloof,asleep,agape).Itisashore(oraflame,afloat,abloom).(这些是作补语的形容词,前面带有前缀a-,有些并不是“地点”副词。)WereistheGreatWall?Whenisherwedding?Howareyou?(这里用疑问词作补语)27.S+LV+P.NorP.G(Johnwasinabadtemper.)约有15个系动词可用介词短语作补语:HeisinRoomSix.Theyhavebeenattheweddingparty.Thebookseemsaboutsomeformofrevolution.Myhouseiswithoutwater.Aretheyfororagainsttheproposal?IamfromTibet.这些短语可能是通常在系动词后用的成语:a.Hewasathand(oratwork).Hewasindebt(orinpower,inpain).Hewasonduty,(oronedge,onthephone).Hewasoutofoffice(oroutofwork).Hewasunderoxygen.Hewasbeyondhimselfwithgrief.Itwasbelowsealevel(orbelowtheaverage).Itwasbeneathcontempt(orbeneathcriticism).Itwasbeyondrepair(orbeyondbelief).Itwasinblossom(orinfashion).Itwasonsale(oronice).Itwasoutofcontext.7www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Itwasallovertheplace(ofItissimplyovermyhead).Itwaswithinone"sgrasp(orwithinsight).b.Ifeelathome(oroutofsorts,uptoit,atease).Ithasbecomeofnouse.Theygrewatvariance(oroutoftemper).Heseemedathiswit"sends.Thenewsseemedoutofdoubt.Yourremarkappearedoutofplace.Heappearedoutofhismind.Heappearedjustoutofschool.Helooksingoodhealth.Shedoesnotlookatease.Itlookedoutofplace.Itsmellsfish.Ittastesofonion.Theykeptintouchwithme.Ourworldremainsoutoforder.Thesituationcontinuedoutoftune.Hewentoffhishead(oroutofhismind,intoecstasies).Hestoodinterror(orinawe,indreadofit,inmeedofit).Ilayathismercy.Thecityliesinruins.介词的宾语可以是一个动名词:Thatislikethrowingpearlsbeforeswine.Sheisnearcrying.Itisworthdoing.Sheisabovemarryingsuchaman.Heisagainstdeclaringwar.Heisforfightingtothelastman.Heispastrelenting.1455在系动词后,use,age,size,colour这类名词前的of常常省略:Itisofnouse(=useless).Itisofeducationalinterest(=interestingineducation).Itisofsomeconsequence.Itisoflittlevalue.8www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语(Of)Whatageishe?Heis(of)yourage.Theyare(of)thesameage.thesamesex,thesametaste.Theyaresocietypeople,butnotourtype;Wearenotthatsort.(Of)Whatsize(orshape,length,height)isIt?Theanimalisthesizeofanox(ortheshapeofabird).Thesetwobuildingsarethesameheight.Thestreetistherightwidth.Thebedisjustthelengthhelikes.Heisalongfigure.Theroomisahundredfeetsquare.It"sgoodqualityandagooddesign.Whatcolouristhetable?Thetableisadarkyellow(orthecolourofyourchairs).Whatpriceisthecar?(Cf.Howmuchisthecar?)Thecaristwentythousanddollars.Whatweightisthepork?Theporkistwokilograms.Whatuseisthisstick?Thestickisnouse.Thedogismuchservicetomen.Whatgoodisthiscat?It"snogood.Whatpartofspeechistheword“go”?约有10个系动词可和名词连用,表示数目或尺寸。这些名词前可说省略了某些介词。不过多数字典都认为这些动词是不及物动词(若真是不及物动词,它应可以独用,在它后面不需加上日期,尺寸或重量的词。):Thejourneycoststendays(orfivethousanddollars).Theworkcostsalotofcare.Thesugarweighsfivekilograms.Thetablemeasurestwofeetinwidthandfourfeetinlength.Thethermometerreads(orregisters,indicates)30℃.Helooksonlytwentyyearsofage.Hestoodfivefeet.Therainfallaverages52inchesayear.9www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Theworkersaverageeighthoursaday.Thestudentstotaltwothousand.Thetroopsnumberedtwentythousand.28.S+LV+I(Johnwastocomeatsix.)约有10个系动词可以用不定式作补语。这些系动词中最重要的是be.a.不定式可以用作名词型的补语,表示某个动作和抽象主语所指是同样东西:Myaim(抽象主语)istoassistyou(orforhimtoleadahappylife,forMarytogotocollege).Hisadviceisforyoutoadmityourmistakes(ortofighttothelastman).OurdifficultywastomasterEnglishinayear(ortohavetosmileinthepresenceofourbossallthetime).Toteachistolearn.Toboastistocheat.Toliveistosufferandtostruggleuntilourdeath.b.不定式也可以用作形容词型的补语,表示主语的动作或品质。主语可以是抽象的东西,也可以是具体的东西:Thisbook(事物)istoberead(=readable)bychildren.Thisherbisnottobeeaten(=edible).Thehouseistoprotectusfromrain,sunshineandtheft.Moneyistobespent.We(人)aretogetmarriednextSunday.Maryistogotocollegenextyear.IamtoteachEnglishgrammar.Johnistodieat90.Music(抽象名词)istoentertainandraiseourspirit.Grammaristoassistusinwritinggoodsentences.Theworstistocome.Heistoblame(=tobeblamed).Thehouseistolet(=tobelet).(有被动意义。)10www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语在下面句子中有be以外的系动词,后面可跟不定式:Thereportproves(orturnsout)tobetrue.Heprovedtoknowitall.Thesituationappearstobeimproving.Itlookstobeeasy.Theletterseemedtohavebeentemperedwith.Hecan"tseemtosee(=Heseemsunabletosee).Hegrewtoknowtheworld.Hegrewtobelieveit.Hecametohateher(ortoknowher,tohearit,tobelieveit).Thisplacehascometobeusedasaschool.Heisgettingtobe(=isbecoming)anicefellow.Kimgottobe(=became)well-known.Thistheoryremainstobetested.Hecontinuestobefaithful.Hestandsto(=issureto)win(orgain,lose).如果主语是不定式,或是补语很长,那么用不定式作补语比用动名词作补语更好一些:Hispurposeistodiscover(而不用discovering)whoisthemostfaithfulofhisfriends.Hishabithasbeentoeatbreak-fastafterbrushinghisteeth.Torespectothersistoberespected(而不用beingrespected).(=Ifyourespectothers,youwillberespected.)Tokeepsilentistosaveplentyoftrouble.(=Ifyoukeepsilent,youwillsaveplentyoftrouble.)29.S+LV+G(John"sproblemwashavingtodoitatonce.)只有系动词be可以用动名词作补语:Hisproblemwashavingtogetoveralltheseobstacles.Thatistellingalie.Thatwouldbegoingtoofar.Myobjectiveisfinishingtheworkassoonaspossible.Myproblemwashavingtogeteverythingreadybysix.Hisdistresswashavingtoomuchmoney11www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语andtoomanywives.Hisbadhabithasbeengettinguplate.Mymistakeisstudyingliterature.Leavingalargefortunetochildrenisencouragingthemtobegood-for-things.(如果主语是动名词,则用动名词作补语,比用不定式作补语时多。)Savingishaving.Seeingisbelieving.注:在这类句子中,主语必须是抽象名词或动名词,be表示主语和补语是指同样东西。但在Johnisstudying.Thewindisblowing.Thestoryisinteresting.Thischildischarming.这类句子中,动词的-ing形式表示主语的动作或特点,因此是谓语动词或是分词,而不是动名词。外形相似,但意义不同。30.S+LV+That-Cl(John"sproblemwasthathehadtodoitatonce.)在所有系动词中只有be能用that引起的从句作补语:Hisproblemwasthathehadtogetovertheseobstacles.Thechancesarethathewillfail.Hisorderisthatevery-bodyshouldcomeatseven.NotthatshelovesBob,butthatshelovessociety.(=Itisnotthat…butitisthat…)It"snotsomuchthatIloverherasthatshelovesme.See和appear可用来代替be,但只能在主语为it时这样用:Itseemed(=orappeared)thathewasright.(=Theap-pearancewasthathewasright.)31.S+LV+W-ClorW-I(John"sproblemwaswhatheshouldstudyorwhattostudy.)在所有系动词中只有be能用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作补语:12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语That(orThis)iswhyIhavecome(orwhyIworry).Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.Ourproblemiswhattodo,wheretogo,howtobegin.Ourquestionishowcanwestopthisbloodshedandwhenshallweliveapeacefullife?(注意主语前的助动词和句末的问号)MyquestioniswhattodoafterIamgraduated.32.S+LV.A.P.+NorG或S+LV.PrP.P+NorG或S+LV.PaP.P+NorG(Johnwasafraidofdogs.)约有30个系动词跟有一个形容词(或分词)及一个合适的介词,在语法上等于一个及物动词。有时甚至可以找出意思与这种动词短语意思相近的单一及物动词。Be是这类系动词中最重要的一个:a.Heisconsciousof[orisaliveto](=knows)(LV.A.P)hissituation(orbeingsuspected).Heisshortof(=lacks)money.Johnisdesirousof(=desires)fame(orgoingabroad).Thisissimilarto(=resembles)that.Sheisvoidof(=hasno)commonsense.Theyarefearfulof(=fear)rats(orbeingsearched).Sheisfondof(=likes)flowers.Heisaverseto(=dislikes)tobacco(orhelpinganyone).Hisfaceissuggestiveof(=suggests)contempt.Heisfamousforhospitality.Heisattentivetothelecture.Thesebooksarereadablebyyoungmenonly.Hiswritingsareunintelligiblebycommonpeople.Hersingingwasaudiblebythefarthestseats.Themovieisenjoyablebyanybody.Heisequaltomeetinganycrisis.Theywerebentondoingevil.Allthingsaresubjecttodecay.Iamsorryforhim.Sheissoreatme.She"scuckooondress.b.Thisstoryisinterestingto(=interests)(LV.PrP.P)everychild.Themoviewasamusingto(=amused)theaudience.Hisexpressionwaspleasingto(=pleased)hisfriends.Theresultisshockingto(=shocks)ourteam.13www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语c.Wateriscomposedof(=comprises)(LV.PaP.P)oxygenandhydrogen.Heispleasedwith(=likes)mygift(orplayingwithchildren).Johnwasaccustomed(orused)tocomfortablelife(orlivinginawarmclimate).Heisreducedtopoverty(orbegging).Johnisgiventoimtemperance(orlying).Hewasstarvedtodeath.Thisismadeofiron.Heisqualifiedforthejob(orteaching).Heisinterestedinchickens(orkeepingducks).Heistiedupinacrime.一些其他系动词也可用于这种结构:a.Hefelttiredoflife;seemed(orappeared)astonishedatthenews.Thingsseemhardonme.Hebecameconsciousofthedanger;gotmarriedtoher;grewintoxicatedwithlove;wentdistractedwithgrief;fell(orcame)shortofhisduty;ranshortofprovisions(orhands,goods).Hisincomefellshortoftheexpenditure.Hisworkfellshortofthestandard(orourexpectation,therequiredamount).Hisspeechfellflatontheaudience.Thetaxfellheavyonthetenants.Itcameright(oreasy,natural,wrong,ill)tome.Theshipgotorran,fell)fouloftherocks(orajunk).Thesewingmachineproved(orturnedout)usefultoourfamily.b.Heremainedignorantoftheserioussituation.Thepack-ageremainsuntouchedbyanyone.Thelibrarystaysopentothepublic.Hekeptalooffromothers.ShestayskeenonDavid,ateachershemetfiveyearsago.Youmayrestcertainofhissupport(orobtainingwhatyouwant).Itsmells(ortastes,looks)badtohim,butgoodtome.Thestatementsoundsfunnytous.Hestoodmutewithrage.Theburdensatlight(oreasy)onme.Thecustompassescurrentamongmountaineers.Theremarkspassedunnoticedbyallpresent.Shefoughtshyofhim(orcannedfood).Hemademerryoveranother"smishap.Imustmakesureofhisaddress.Hemakesfreewithmymoney.Theymadereadyforthefight.注:某些名词,例如enemy,可以用作形容词:Heisanenemy(=averse)tofalsehood.Heisafriendto(=fondof)literature.Hemaybemasterof(=proficientin)thissubject.14www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语33.S+LV.P.N.P+NorG(Johnwasinfearofdeath.)约有5个系动词(特别是be)可以和介词、名词和介词构成成语。这种成语在语法上相当于一个单一的及物动词,可以用名词、代词或动名词作宾语:a.Wewereatwarwith(=fought)them.Hewasattheheadof(=headed)theprocession.Heisathomein(=knows)English.Gamblingisatthebottomof(=causes)allevils.Heseemsatalossforwords.Theygrewatvariancewithus.Theyareatpeacewithus.Heremainsatthezenithofhisfame.Thissubjectisbeyondthereachof(=exceeds)myknowledge.Heappearedbesidehimselfwithjoy(orpraisinghim-self).b.Theadventurerisinthedangerof(=risks)losinghislife.Heisinafairwayto(=approaches)success(orbeingpromoted).Maryisinthemoodformusic(orlisteningtomusic).Heisintheserviceof(=serves)Dr.Johnson.Heisincommandof(=commands)5000men.Sheisinthefirstblushofyouth.Heisinpartner-shipwithsomefriends.Itisaccordancewiththerules.Thedocumentsareinthehandsofajeweller.Heisinchargeofthislibrary.Thebookisinprocessofpublication.c.Heisonavisitto(=isvisiting)Japan.TheywereonanexpeditiontotheNorthPole.Theyareonthetrackof(=arepursuing)acriminal.Iamonthelookoutfor(=amfinding)ajob.Hewasonthebrinkof(=wasnearing)death.Heisonthehighroadtobeingpromoted.Heisonthepointofmovingtoanotherplace.Itisoutofkeepingwith(=violates)hiswords.Hebecameoutoffavourwithher.Hegrowsoutoftouchwiththetimes.Thissubjectgoesoutofthesphereofscience.Thisiswithinthereachofordinarymen.Heiswithinaninchofdestruction.34.S+LV.A+I或S+LV.PaP+I(Johnwasanxioustostudy.)15www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语一个系动词加上一个表示意愿的形容词(或过去分词)可构成动词短语,如果后面跟一个不定式(作宾语),这个短语在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可以这样用:Heisanxious(orconcerned)(=longs)togoabroad.Theyareimpatient(oreager,keen)(=eagerlywish)togetmarried.Heisdisposed(ordesirous,inclined)(=likes)tofight.Afterlivingabroadforthirtyyears,sheisdyingtoseeherfatherland.Heseemsdetermined(ordecided,resolved)todivorceher.Heisready(orprompt)tohelpthepoor.Hegrowsinterestedtogetrich.Heappearswilling(orcontent,ready,prepared)toworkhard.Weareapt(orliable)tocriticizeothers.Afterthreemonthsofillness,heremainsambitioustostandfirstintheclass.Hefeltafraidtodisturbhisboss.Attheageoften,hebecamecurioustoknowaboutsex.Davidisgoing(=intends)tostudyelectronics.Weareagreed(=haveagreed)towaitandsee.Heisallwild(orcrazy,dying,burning)(=ferventlywishes)toownamotorcycle.Heisunwilling(oraverse,loath,reluctant)(=refuses)tohelpanyone.这样用的不定式可有一个意思上的主语:HeisanxiousforMarytostudyhard.=HeisanxiousthatMarystudy(orshallstudyorshouldstudy)hard.16www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heiseagerforhisstudentstopasstheexamination.=Heiseagerthathisstudentspass(orshallpassorshouldpass)theexamination.Heiswillingforhisdaughtertomarryapoorscholar.Iaminnohurryforyoutogetmarried.Heispleasedforyoutocomeover.副词too可以放在上面提到的形容词前,意思和very相同。但Heistoo(=very)anxioustospeak.和Heistooangrytospeak.不同,后者的意思是Heissoangrythathecannotspeak.此外,alltoo,buttoo,onlytoo可用来代替too,表示very,但意思更强一些。35.S+LV.A.+that-Cl或S+LV.PaP+that-Cl或S+LV.P.N.+that-Cl(Johnwasafraidthathismotherwouldscoldhim.)一个系动词和一个表示精神作用的形容词(或过去分词)可构成动词短语,在语法上相当于一个及物动词,后面可跟一个由that引起的从句作宾语。约有10个系动词能用在这种短语中:a.Iamsure(=believe)thatheisathome.Hewasafraid(=feared)thathewouldfail.Iamnotdoubtful(=don"tdoubt)thathewillsucceed.Heisaware(=knows)thatIcannothelphim.Iamglad(=rejoice)thatthewarisover.Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake.Imadecertain(orsure)thedoorwasclosed.Heremains(orkeeps)confidentthathewillwin.Heisignorant(orconscious,sensible,happy,thankful,…)thatevery-thingisOK.b.HeisdeeplyinterestedthatI"llstudyinFrance.Heappeared(orseemed)surprisedthatIsaid“no”.Hefelt(orgrew)worriedthatyoudidn"twrite.c.I"mamazed(orshocked,annoyed,irritated,disappointed,disturbed,upset)thatyoushouldrejectherlikethat.(在这类由that引起的从句中可用should表示感情,有时有likethat,so这类词和它一起用。)17www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语I"mglad(orpleased,grateful,satisfied)thatyoushouldreturnthemoneysofast.在书面语中的表示“不安”的词后,可用lest…should代替that…should:Heisafraidlestsheshould(ormight)revealthesecret.Ifeltuneasylestsheshouldhaveanaccident.Hewasimpatientlestheshouldbelate.在和虚拟语气的动词一起用时,that可有if的意思:Hewouldbehappythat(=if)youshouldfollowhisadvice.Ishouldbeastonishedthat(=if)youcouldwinthegame.1480由于“介词+名词”有时相当于一个形容词,所以S+LV.P.N+that-Cl可以相当于S+LV.A+that-Cl。和S+LV.P.N.P+N一样,这种句型本可构成另一句型,但由于例句较少,为了处理上的方便,在这里一道处理:Heisundertheapprehension(=isapprehensive)thatagreatwarwillbreakout.Heisinhopes(=ishopeful)thatyouwillrecoververysoon.Iamindread(=amafraid)thathewillfail.Hewasinfear(=wasafraid)lestsheshouldbekilled.Iamofopinionthateverymanisagoodman.Heisundertheimpressionthatyourfamilyisveryhappy.That常可省略,特别是在一些常用形容词后的that从句中:Iamgladyouhavecome.Areyouafraidhewillbeangry?I"msorryyouarehurt.Sheissurehewillcome.在形容词(或分词)和that从句之间不要插入介词:18www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heisafraidofthathismotherwillscoldhim.(错句)IamsorryforthatIhavemadethesamemistake.(错句)36.S+LV.A.(P)+W-ClorW-I或S+LV.PaP.(P)+W-ClorW-I或S+LV.P.N.(P)+W-ClorW-I(Johnwasdoubtfulwhetherhewouldsucceedorwhattodonext.)由系动词加表示精神作用的形容词(或副词)和介词构成的短语,如果用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作宾语,它在语法上也相当于一个及物动词。约有10个系动词可用在这种短语中。介词常常省略掉(可参阅1478,1482节)a.Heisnotsure(of)whetheryouwillsucceed.Iamforgetful(of)whatIhavedone.Heappeared(orseemed)afraid(of)whatyouwoulddo.Igrowdoubtful(of)whethershelikesme.Hebecameaware(of)howyoutreatedhim.Heseemsignorant(of)whoishisfather.Hefeltsurprised(at)whyWangwaskilled.Becareful(of)howyouwritetoher.Heseemedreckless(of)whatwouldhappen.Heremainscurious(about)whysheneglectshim.Iamamazed(at)howhehassucceeded.Heisindifferent(to)whatyousaid.Iamnotcertain(of)whenthisoughttobedone.Hegrowsfussy(about)howhismealsarecooked.b.Heisnotsure(about)howtodoit.Heiscareful(of)whattosay.Heisnotsure(of)whethertoresignornot(=whetherheshouldresignornot).Iamforgetful(of)whattodo(=whatImustdo).Igrowdoubtful(of)wheretofindajob(=whereIcanfindajob).Heseemsignorant(of)whentogobacktoschoolafterthevacation.Heisindifferent(to)whatfoodtoeatandwhatworktodo.Hegrowsfussy(about)whattodrink.Johnseemspuzzled(about)whattosay.Heremaineddoubtful(of)wheretofindawife.Hegrewcurious(about)howtomakeatoy.由于“介词+名词”有时在语法上相当于一个形容词,在本节中将LV.P.N和LV.A合并处理可能是适当的(参阅1480):a.Heisindoubt(=isdoubtful)(asto)whatwecoulddo.Iaminapuzzle(=ampuzzled)(about)whatstepImusttake.Iamatsea(=ampuzzled)(about)howhedidit.Iamatmywit"send(orinperplexity)(about)whichwaytotake,whethertogetmarriedornot.19www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语b.Heisindoubtwhattodo.Iaminapuzzle(about)whatsteptotake.Heisallatsea(about)howtobegin.Iamatmywit"send(orinperplexity,intwominds,inseveralminds)(about)whichwaytotake,whethertogetmarriedortocontinuemystudy.20www.jnworld.cn