高中英语语法精讲——引语 3页

直接引语和间接引语用法精讲引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用口己的话把人家的话转述出來，这叫做间接引语。例如：Johnsaid,nlrmgoingtoLondonwithmyfathe匚”约翰说：”我要和父亲到伦敦去。“(引号内是肓接引语)JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhis恰the匸约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1.总接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等°Hesaid,”YouareyoungerthanI.,,JHesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。(1)—•般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?0—Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme「Youhaveseenthefilm,haven"tyou?11—►Sheaskedmewhethei•(或if)1hadseenthefilm.(2)选择疑问句变为whether....or宾语从句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?n—Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑M句变为由原來的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"1—>HeaskedmewhereIlived・3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语(don"t变为not)・Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."—Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim「Don"tleavethedooropen/1—>Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen・［注意］(1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，町以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。例如：Hesaid,”Let"sgotothetheatre/"—►Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre•或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre・(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked・ —>Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon"tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?nheasked.—►headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.”Shallwelistentothemusic?11heasked.—>Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4•直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!”—Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将來时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主旬谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1）一•般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成吋不变，仍为过去完成吋［注意］（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."—>Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过吋间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973.”—Hetoldmethathewasbomin1973.⑶如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Hesaid,"I"maboy,notagirl.”—>Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.（4）如果直接引语屮的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning.n—Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.（5）如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：Hesaidtome,*"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere—HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. （6）如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没冇时态的改变。例如：Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.”—►TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid、"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix•”—>Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.5.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表。指示代词thisthesethesethose表示时间的词nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etc)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month,etc)theweek(month,etc)beforethreedays(ayear,etc)agothreedays(ayear,etc)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month?etc)thenext(following)week(month,etc)表地点的词herethere动词bringtakecomego