六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时牛津上海版（一起） 16页

授课日期时间主题现在完成时学习目标1•现在完成时的定义2•现在完成时的构成3•现在完成时的用法教学内容处理上次课课后巩固作业及预习思考内容。1.复习情态动词2.预习思考现在完成时教学建议：1、根据上节课预习思考的要求，让学生了解现在完成时的概念，列举已经做过的事情;other:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready（已经）cleanedthem.勤劳的约翰已经刷了牙哦，亲爱的同学动动小脑筋，你还做过哪些事呢？下节课跟小伙伴交流下吧，参考句式：1.我已经去过了・・・2.我已经吃过了・・・3.我已经看过了•…（卡通片、漫画.・・）Keys:1・IhavealreadybeentotheShanghaiDisneyland・2.1havealresdayeaten8apples・3.1havealreadyseenthismoviefor3times・同学们，从以上句式中，我们可以总结出什么呢？是不是每一句都有个already呢？那already又用于怎样的句式呢？对的，肯定句。那哪位童鞋可以告诉老师否定句怎么办呢？疑问句呢?那我们在接下来的课堂当中来具体地学习一下。 现在完成时【知识梳理1］现在完成时的构成1.肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它【例题精讲】1)MyparentsandIhavebeentoCenturyParkduringtheMid-autumnFestival.2)I"vejustreadallthenewwords.我刚读了所有的生词。(表示不要再读了)3)Shehasboughtsomenewbooks.她已经买了些新书。(表示之后会看)4)We"vejustcleanedtheclassroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)这里的have/has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用haveohas,have的缩略式分别为I或We。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。2.否定式：|主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它【例题精讲】1)Ihaven"tbeeninShanghaifor10years2)Mygrandpashasn"tbeentoHongKong.3)Ihaven"tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.我还没有完成我的作业。4)Shehasn"ttravelledonatrain.她没有坐火车旅行过。5)Wehaveneverspokentoaforeigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。6)Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.以前我从来没有见过他。现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have/has后面加not就行。havenot,hasnot的缩略式分别为haven"t,hasn"to另外，肯定句中有some,already时，改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。3._般疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some,already改为any,yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用"Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven"t/hasn"t.99有时也可以用"No,notyet./No,never・/No,notevenonce・"等。【例题精讲】1)—Haveyouevermadedumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗？—Yes,Ihave.是的，我做过。2）—Hassheeverbeenabroad?她曾经出过国吗?—No,never.不，从來没有。3）—Havetheyfoundthelostbooksyet?他们己经找到了丢失的书吗？一Yes,theyhave.是的，他们找到了。当句子中有否定词not,hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例 如：Youhavenevercometoourschool,haveyou?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？【知识梳理2】过去分词的构成方法A:规则变化1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加-ed.workedansweredobeyedwanted2.以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加-d.movedhopeddivided3.字尾是辅咅+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.studiedtidiedsatisfied4.以重读闭咅节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅咅字母，再加-ed.stoppedregretteddroppedB：不规则变化（详见不规则变化表）动词原形过去式过去分词bewasbeenhave/hashadhaddodiddonereadreadreadwritewrotewrittenmakemademadetaketooktakenseesawseensaysaidsaidspeakspokespokenbuyboughtboughtgivegavegiveneatateeatencomecamecomegowentgone【知识梳理3】现在完成时的用法基本用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词laheadyl（已经），回（还、已经）,|ever|（曾经），|never|（从不）等连用。1）现在完成吋所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。eg.Thecarhasarrived.车子來了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区另lj：havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin havebeento,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了havegoneto表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途屮havebeenin指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在［例题精讲］例如：你以前去过北京么？例如：A:IsMr.Wangathome?B:No,heisnotin,（他去香港了）【巩固练习】用have（has）been或have（has）gone填空。A:WhereLiFei?B:HetoHainanIsland.A:Howlonghethere?B:Hethereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I"mafraidhewon"tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,Ineverthere.A:HowmanytimesLiFeitothatplace?B:Hethereonlyonce.2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用fo「和since表示一段时间的状语或sofar,now,today,thisweek（month,yea"等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。【例题精讲】HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince2001・NowIhavefinishedthework・【巩固练习】Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninI「elandMonday・2・JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays・3・HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days・2.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o"clock・3.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountiy1974・4.Thebusislate.TheyVebeenwaiting20minutes.7・Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.&Mikehasbeenillalongtime・HehasbeeninhospitalOctobe匚注意：表示短暂吋间动作的词，如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成吋不能与for,since等表示一段吋间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live,study,be,wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如:Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive—>beherebegin(start)—>beon die—bedeadcomeback—bebackleave—beawayfallill(sick,asleep)—>beill(sick,asleep)getup—>beupgoout—>beoutfinish—>beoverputon—>wear或beonopen—>beopenjoin—bein或beamemberof…close—>beclosedgotoschool—>beastudentborrow—keepbuy—havecatch(acold)—>have(acold)gettoknow—>knowbegintostudy—>studvDvvcometowo3)常见时间副词的用法♦already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。1)Fvealreadyreadthisbook.我已经读过这本书了。【分析】“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。2)I"vewashedmyclothesalready.我己经洗了衣服。【分析】洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。♦yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。1)一Hashefoundhiswatchyet?他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No,notyet・不，还没有。2)Thewomanhasn"tfoundherdogyet.那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)♦ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。1)HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾去过香港吗？2)Ihaven"teverspokentoher.我未曾和她说过话。♦never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。【巩固练习】一、用适当的时态填空1.they(be)totheU.S.?一Yes,theyhave・2.1already(buy)threebooksinthebookshopnearby.1.Mygrandpanever(be)tothatfarm.2.heever(read)thisbook?3.She(live)hereeversinceshewasten.4.Bothofthem(be)inHongKongfortendays.7・TheSmithsaren"tathome,arethey?—No,they(go)toSichuan,theirhometown.二、单项选择1.Howlonghaveyouhere?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied・A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D・myagewas6.3.JanehastoBeiJing・Shewillcomebacktomorrow.D.neverbeenD.thatD.willmeetD.have,hadA.beenB.goneC.went4.ItistenyearsIlastsawhe匚A.afterB.sinceC.for5.—WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?—Iwill.Iherseveraltimes・A.metB.havemetC.hadmet6.・-Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?—Just2weeks・A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,having7•—DoyouknowLydiaverywell?—Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD・haveturned8.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC・havebeenD.live9.—Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking・CanIspeaktoNk.Black?—Sorry・HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.—youevertotheUS? —Yes,twice. A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD・were,goingKeys:1•Have,been2.have,bought3.has,been4.Has,read5・haslived6・havebeen7.havegone1-5DCBBB6-10DCCBB（此部分测试时间为20分钟左右，讲评时间为15分钟左右。对本次所学内容进行检测）教学建议：1.规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；2.相互交换批改，表扬速度最快及正确率最高的学生；3.做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；4.让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。5.指导学生把错题整理在学霸错题本上。LMultipleChoices1.Bothhisparentslooksad・Maybetheywhafshappenedtohim•A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2.ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying3.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.1ittwice•A.willseeB.haveseenC・sawD.see4.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was5.MissGreenisnlintheoffice.Shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen6.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen7.WhereJohn?Tothelibrary.Hethereforanhour.A.has…beerr・・hasgoneB.has・・・gone…hasbeenC.did・・・go…wentD.did…be…went8.Itheway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew-havelivedB.knew-liveC.know•••havelivedD・know-live9.youeverAmerica?Yes,Ihave. A.Have-••gonetoB.Have••-goneinC.Have•••beentoD・Have•••beenin8.Mybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears・A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC・hasbeeninD.hasbeenatILChoosethebestanswers.M匚andMrs.Whitehavethreedaughters・TheyareAlice,KittyandRose.Roseistheyoungestofthethreedaughters・SheistwoyearsyoungerthanAlice.Aliceisthirteen.SheandKittyaretwins.Theyareallprettyandlovely.Theystudyinthesameschool.Theirparentsarebothdoctors,buttheydon"tworkinthesamehospital.Theylovetheirdaughtersverymuch.TheWhitesalllikefruit,buttheydon"tlikethesamefruit・Alicelikesapples,KittylikesorangesandRoselikesbananas.Mr.Whitelikespears.SodoesMrs.White・SoathomeMr.andMrs.Whitegivetheirdaughtersnicknames.TheycallAlice"Apple—KittyHOrangenandtheyoungestMBananaH.Theycalleachother"snames,whentheirparentscalltheirnicknames.Theirhouseisfulloflaughter(笑声).A.threeC.fiveD.six()1・TherearepeopleintheWhites1family.B.four)2.RoseisA.threeyearsolderthanAliceC.threeyearsyoungerthanKitty)3.Kittyis—A.elevenB.twoyearsyoungerthanKittyD.asoldasKittyyearsold.B・thirteenC・fourteenD.fifteen)4.MrandMrsWhiteA.workinthesamehospitalB.bothliketheirchildrenC・arebothteachersD・workinthesameschooll.C)5.HBananauisnickname.B.Kitty"s2.B3.B4.B5.AA.Rose"sC.Alice"sD.Mr.White"sIILFillintheblankswiththegivenletters*Earthisoneofthen1planetsintheSolarSystem(太阳系).TherearelivingthingsontheEarth・OurEarthisbeautiful.Therearer2andstreams・Thereareh3andmountains・Therearewoodsandf4・Theyareallverybeautiful.However,thereisaalotofpollutionontheEarth.Theyareairpollution,waterpollutionandlandpollution.Sowemuststopp5theEarth•Wemusts6theEarthandk7itcleanandbeautiful.1.n2.3.h4.i5.6.7.22・nine23.rivers24.hills25.forests26.polluting27.save28.keep“我的总结”包含2个方面: 1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，可采用表格、思维导图等形式呈现。我的总结我的总结：1、现在完成时的构成：肯定式：|主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它否定式：主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它_般疑问式：|助动词Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它-2、现在完成时的用法基本用法：表示过去发生或己经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词（己经），@（还、己经），国］（曾经），區回（从不）等连用。1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或sofar,now,today,thisweek（month,year）等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。（此部分内容包含本次课所学内容相关的练习题及综合练习题。建议题量保持在30分钟左右可以完成的范围内）I.选用方框里的动词，用其适当形式填空（共10小题，计2（）分）give,bring,go,speak,rain,turnoff,make,sleep,play,build1.Tommanyfriendssincehecamehere.2.Sheswimmingtomorrowafternoon.3.Jimisalwaysbusy・Heonlysixhourseverynight.4.Chineseinmanycountriestoday.5.Look!Thestudentsfootballontheplayground・6.Thebridgebythefarmersthemselvesin1950・7.Theheadmasterusatalkyesterday・8.Pleasethelightswhenyouleave・9.Mr.Smithaskedmethebookwithmethatafternoon. 1.Taketheraincoatwithyou.Itnow.I.单项选择(共10小题，计15分)1.—Whatanicebike!Howlongyouit?—Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.——Hurryup!We^reallwaitingforyou.——Iforanimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A・waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited3.Greatchangesinthelastthreeyears.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.havehappenedD・havebeenhappened4.Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad5.Halfoftheclassmostofthework,andsomeoftheworkreallydifficult.A.havedone;isB.hasdone;areC.hasdone;isD.havedone;are6.Canyoutellmewhomtheplayin1998?A・waswrittenbyB・waswrittenC・iswrittenbyD・iswritten7.一Mum,canIgoskatingnow?一Well,youmaygoafteryourhomework•A.hasfinishedB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.wasfinished8.Thenewcomputerstothevillageschoolaspresentslastmonth.A・aregivenB.givenC・weregivenD・gave9.Theseflowers.Let"sgetsomewater.A.needtobewateredB.needwaterC・havebeenwateredD・arewatering10.—Look!Whatanicegarden!—Iteveryday・A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC・isbeingcleanedD.wascleanedII.用所给动词的适当形式填空(共15小题，计15分)1.Mybrother(like)watchingTVverymuch.2.She(notwalk)intheparkeveryday.3.Theteachersaidthesun(rise)intheeastand(set)inthewest.4.Assoonasshe(come),Fllphoneyou.5.1(go)withyoutothecinemathisafternoonifFmfree.1.youplease(help)mewithmyEnglish?2.They(enjoy)themselveslastSunday.&—Whatou(do)thistimeyesterday?—I(listen)totheEnglishprogramme.9.1(have)supperwhenTomcamein.10.Sheust(hear)fromherfriend.11.1(notsee)myunclesinceIleftmyhometown.12.Emilysaidthatshe(visit)herunclenextSunday.13.1(teach)ChineseforthreeyearsbeforeIcametothisschool.14.IfI(be)you,Iwouldnotdosuchasillything.15.They(wait)foryouforanhourinyouroffice・III.按要求变化下而的句型（共5小题，计15分）1•Mybrothergoestoschoolbybike.（变为一般疑问句） 1.Wearelisteningtotheteachernow.(就画线部分提问)3・Heboughtanewpenformeyesterday・(变为否定句)4.AnnwaswatchingTVatthatmoment.(就画线部分提问)I.将下面的句子变为被动语态(共5小题，计10分)1・Thestudentscleantheroomeveryday.1.Shegavemeapresent.3・Thepupilsaskedtheteachertotellastory.4.Theyshowedmeamap.5・Shandonggrowscotton.VI•阅读下面短文，用文中括号内动词的适当形式填空(共10小题，计10分)Everyonehashisteachers・I(notforget)MissDong,myfirstEnglishteacher,allmylife.SheisthebestteacherI2(have)sofar.Sheisnottall,butshe3(have)bigeyes・Hervoice4(sound)beautifulandshespeaksEnglishverywell.Thatwasmyimpressionofherwhenwe5(be)firstinherclass・She6(teach)uscarefullyandalwaysgaveuschances7(speak)English.Wheneverourroleplay8(finish),shecouldspeakhighlyofus.Andwebecameveryinterestedin9(learn)English.Onedaywhenwe10(play)agameinherclass,Ifelldown.Shewasveryworriedandsentmetohospitalatonce.Sheisnotonlyagoodteacherbutalsoakindmother.Iwishmydearteacherhappinessandgoodluck.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.VII.阅读理解(共5小题，计15分)From:YourlovelydaugherTo:MydeardadBeijingAug21stDearDad,I"mwritingtoyoufromBeijing.Youdon"tknowhowhappyIamtobehere.MotherandIarrivedhereonthenightofthe10lh.AuntLimetusatthestation.Thenextmorning,wegotupearly・ItwasSundayandAuntLitookusoutforarideonthebus.Everythingwassobeautiful.Iwassoexcited,sowasMother.ThatafternoonAuntLitookustoBeihaiPark.Firstweclimbedthehill,andthenwewentboatingonthelake.Whilewewerethere,wealsometsomeoverseasChinese(华侨)likeus.Theycomebacktovisiteveryyear.TheyareproudofChinabecauseitisbecomingstrongerandmorebeautiful.Ihaven"tseentheSummerPalaceyet,butAuntLihaspromisedtotakemethereandtothezoothisSunday.YesterdayAuntLitookmetoseeherfactory・Howtimeflies!Fveseenandheardalotofinterestingthings.Flltellyoumorenexttime. It"stimeforbed,soTilstophere.Hopetohearfromyousoon.Love,YourdaugherHua根据短文内容回答下血的问题，词数不限。1•WheredidHuawritetheletter?2.HowmanydayshaveHuaandhermotherstayedtherebeforeshewrotetheletter?3・WhendidHuagoandseeheraunt"sfactory?4・WhichdaywillAuntLitakehertothezooandtheSummerPalace?5・HuaisanoverseasChinese,isn"tshe?Keys:I.1.hasmade2・willgo3.sleep4・isspoken5.areplaying6.wasbuilt7.gave&tumoff9.tobring10.israiningII.1—5DCACA6—10ACCABHI.1.likes2.doesn"twalk3.rises,sets4.comes5.willgo6.Would/Will,help1.enjoyed8.were,doing;waslistening9.washaving10.has,heard11.haven"tseen12.wouldvisit13・hadtaught14.were15・havewaitedIV.1.Docsyourbrothergotoschoolbybike?2.Whatarcyoudoingnow?3.Hedidrftbuyanewpenformeyesterday.4.WhatwasAnndoingatthatmoment?V.1.Theroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday・2.1wasgivenapresent.3・Theteacherwasaskedtotellastory.4.1wasshownamap./Amapwasshowntome.5.CottonisgrowninShandong・VI.动词时态和语态的判断在短文填空中应用广泛。在做题时要先分析句子的主语,看是否可以使用被动语态,依据就是看主语是否是动词的承受着；另外，判断时态时主要看句子的时间状语某些标志时态的副词，如果没有吋态标志，要注意分析前后句子的时态，体会句子到底表达的是哪个吋间发生的动作，还是要注意主从句时态的一致性。1.won"t/willnotforget.根据后面的allmylife以及前面句子的时态，"J判断此处须用一般将來时o2.havehad.句子中的so仙•是现在完成时的标志。3.has.But前后一般要求时态一致，并且描述人的长相应该用一般现在时。4.sounds.And前后时态要一致。5.were.这个句子是由when引导的主从复合句，时态要一致，前面主句是一般过去时，故后面要用过去的相应时态。6.taught.此处谈论的还是过去的事情，故用一般过去时°7.tospeak.前面已有谓语动词give,故后面用动词不定式，意为“给机会做事”。&wasfinished.跟据句意可知动词finish的承受者作主语，用被动语态；这一段说明的都是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态：was/vere+过去分词。9.learning.介词后面耍用动名词作宾语。10.wereplaying.根据句意判断是说明那一刻发生的动作，故用过去进行时。VII.动词时态和被动语态的运用是短文阅读理解中不可或缺的语法，理解时态和语态有利于理解短文内容。在做题时，要注意冋答问题式的阅读理解，其问题一般以各种时态的疑问句的形式出现，此吋要注意问题是哪种时态，回答时也要用此种时态。1.ShewrotetheletterinBeijiing.考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句，注意答语也要用一般过去时。2・Theyhavestayedtherefortendays.根据这封信的开头BeijingAug21st与第二段的MotherandIarrivedhereonthenightofthe10th.可知她们已经在那里过了10天。 3・ShewentonAug20th.第四段YesterdayAuntLitookmetoseeherfactory.而写日记时是21号，故 Yesterday是20号。1.ShewilltakeherthereonAugust25th.2.Yes,sheis.根据第三段的Whilewewerethere,wealsometsomeoverseasChineselikeus.可知她也是海外华侨。同学们，回家后将以下每一张图都用一句话表达出来。下节课抽同学來朗读一下自己所写的句子，表现积极且没有错误的同学会获得积分奖励及老师的赞美哦。参考句式：Whereistheball?—It"s… onunderbehindinfront©1Obcrvvbelownexilo